Unit 3 Review useful structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Book7Unit3SeaExplorationPeriod3Review

usefulstructuresTheinfinitive谓语和非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词连系动词amisarewasweresoundseemgetturn实义动词/行为动词(vt./vi)runsinglearnsaywrite助动词dodoesdidhavehaswill情态动词canmaymustneeddare不定式todo现在分词V-ing

过去分词V-ed什么时候用非谓语呢？一个句子当中，已经存在一个句子（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时。IdidmyhomeworkandlearnedspeakingEnglish.Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.LearningObjectivesBytheendoftheclass,youwillbeabletol.summarizethefunctionsandformsofinfinitives;

2.useinfinitivesproperlyincontext;

3.furtherunderstandtherelationshipbetweenhuman

beingsandmarinecreatures.Readthepartofontheexercisebook(onP60-63),andthendrawyourmindmapbyyourself.动词不定式的基本形式基本形式主动形式被动形式时间特征一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时，仍在进行判断谓语动作与不定式动作发生的先后1.Iplantoattendthemeetingtomorrow.

我打算参加明天举行的会议。2.Theyaresaidtobestudyingpsychology.

据说他们正研究心理学。3.I’mverysorry

tohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.

让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。4.Noharmseems

tohavebeendone.

似乎并没有什么危害发生。(done发生在seems之前，且harm与do之间是被动关系)(attend的动作在plan之后发生)(aresaid与study同时发生)(keep发生在besorry之前)动词不定式可以充当什么成分？5.作定语（attribute)

2.作表语(predicative)6.作状语(adverbial)动词不定式

4.作宾补、主补(object/subjectcomplement)

1.作主语（subject)

3.作宾语（object)动词不定式作主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。Toerrishuman.人非圣贤，孰能无过。Totalkwithhimisapleasure.和他谈论是一件乐事。①为了避免头重脚轻，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后面，用it作形式主语，放在句首，后面的不定式才是真正的主语。It’simportanttolearnEnglish.学英语很重要。②Itis+adj.+forsb./sth.todosth.（for，强调事情本身的性质）Itis+adj.+ofsb./sth.todosth.（of，强调人的品质）

对某人来说做某事是...样的

Itisnecessaryforyoutopasstheexam.对你来说通过考试是非常必要的。Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我真的太好了。1.Itispossible

__

_____(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.towalk2.Itisveryinteresting

（for/of)ustoplayinthesnowinwinter.for动词不定式作表语表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等连系动词之后的不定式（尤其是tobe)；二是主语与表语“等同”的情形，此时主语与表语可互换，例如Myjobistosweepthefloor=Tosweepthefloorismyjob；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运。way,aim,duty,hope,dream,ambition,idea,intention,purpose,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名词后面。1.Ourplanistomakebetteruseofthesematerials.

我们的计划是好好利用这些材料。2.Herwishistobeateacher.

她的愿望是当一名老师。3.Heseemstobeill.

他看起来好像生病了。判断属于不定式作表语的第几种情况。第三种第三种第一种动词不定式作宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。1.常接不定式而不接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语有：“决心学会想希望”：decide/determine,learn,want,hope,wish“设法假装在拒绝”：manage,pretend,

refuse“主动答应选计划”：offer,promise,choose,plan“同意请求帮一帮”：agree,ask/beg,help1.Idecidetobuyacar.

2.Ihopetohavemyownpet.2、有一些动词后既可以加todo形式作宾语，也可以加v-ing作宾语，但意义不同。meantodosth.meandoingsth.打算做某事

意味着做某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.

继续做另一件事

继续做同一件事动词不定式作宾补/主补补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expect,force,wish,beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语.1.Myteacherencouragedmetostudyabroad.我的老师鼓励我出国留学。(我是宾语，但是老师鼓励我做什么呢？后面用不定式来进一步补充说明）2.Hisparentsdon’tallowhimtogooutatnight.他父母不允许他晚上出去。3.

HewarnedTomtokeepawayfromhisdaughter.他警告Tom离他女儿远点。动词不定式作定语定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。①序数词、形容词最高级或theonly/thefirst/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。②抽象名词time、way、reason、chance、opportunity、ability、promise、attempt等后常用不定式作定语。Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这。1.Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?本身是washclothes，构成动宾关系2.Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?原来是clothesaretobewashed.构成的是逻辑主语上的主谓关系。③

不定式要放在所修饰的词后面，不定式与它所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系，不定式作定语可表示将来。1.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

补全介词about，worry是不及物动词，后面要接名词应该是worryaboutsth.(固定搭配）

2.Givemeapentowrite

with.write是及物动词，但用笔写字需要借助介词，这里并不是固定搭配。④如果不定式后面的从此为不及物动词，要在后面加上相应的介词（看固定搭配）动词不定式作状语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分1.作目的状语一般放在后部，表示强调，也可位于句首;其前可加inorderto和soasto,但soasto不能放在句首Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.为了赶上第一班公交车，他早早就起床了。Icameheretosaygoodbyetoyou.我来这是为了向你告别。2.作原因状语常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词之后。We’requitegladtomeetyouhere.我们很高兴在这见到你。Iamsorrytohearthatyourgrandmaisill.听说你奶奶生病了，我感到很难过。3.作结果状语作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。其前有时加上only，表出乎意料的结果。Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式与疑问词who,

which,

when,

where,

how,

what等连用，在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这一问题很重要。Hedidn’tknowwhattoask.(宾语)他不知道该问些什么。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是何时开始。不定式省略to的情况一发现一感觉：find,

feel二听：listento,

hear三让：make,

have,let五看：see,

watch,

observe,

lookat,

noticeIoftenhearhimsingthesong.我经常听见他唱那首歌。Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.他经常被人听见唱那首歌。Readthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage(onP26-27).Thenmarktheirfunctions.AAsthesubject[S]

BAsthepredicative[P]CAstheobject[O]

DAstheobjectcomplement[OC]EAstheattributive[Attr]

FAstheadverbial[Ad]1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworld

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.2.MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers

tosearchforsearoutes

fromwesttoeast.3.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.4.Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.5.Toreachoutacross

thesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.A-SD-OCF-AdE-AttrA-S6.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas,andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.7.Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.8.Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes,whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.9.Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.B-PC-OC-OE-AttrPracticeⅠ.单句语法填空1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020·全国Ⅰ)2.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020·全国Ⅱ)3.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant__________(wear)theuniform.(2019·浙江)4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______________(hear).5.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans___________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全国Ⅱ)tofindtocaretoweartobeheardtoretire6.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)7.___________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.8.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______________(cheer)bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.

9.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars__________________(work)asacarpenterbefore.

10.Theboypretended______________(read)whenhisteachercameintotheclassroom.

toperformToenjoytobecheeredtohaveworkedtobereadingToliveis1.________(learn).IloveChinaandI’mhappy2.________(see)Chinadevelopingsofast.3.__________(study)Chinesewell,Idecided4.________(go)toChinalastyear,only5.________(find)livinginChinaismoresecure.Gunsareforbidden6.___________(hold)bypeople,makinggunshotcasesrarelyseen.Comparedtomanyothercountries,itissafer7.________(walk)inthestreetatnightinChinaastherearemonitorsalmosteverywhereandthepolicearealwaysthefirst8._________(show)uptoprotectyou.Iadviseyou9.________(visit)thegreatcountry10._______(feel)itscharmoneday.Ⅱ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。tolearntoseeTostudytogotofindtobeheldtowalktoshowtovisittofeelⅢ.翻译句子。1．我不懂法语，于是她主动给我翻译。________________________________________________________________2．目前，一个潜在的危机好像已经避免了。________________________________________________________________3．父母到家的时候，他假装在睡觉。________________________________________________________________4．我发现和她很容易相处。(it作形式宾语)________________________________________________________________5．除了惹他生气外，这没产生任何效果。________________________________________________________________Ithadnoeffectexcept/buttomakehimangry.Idon’tspeakFrenchsosheofferedtotranslateforme.Atpresent,apotentialcrisisappearstohavebeenavoided.Hepretendedtobesleepingwhenhisparentsarrivedhome.Ifinditisquiteeasytogetalongwithher.Ⅳ.完成句子1.海滨日出真是个奇景。Thesunriseattheseasidewasquite__________________.

2.责任和信任是健康成长的基础。Responsibilityandtrust______________________forhealthygrowth.

3.斐迪南·麦哲伦是环球航海第一人。FerdinandMagellanisthefirstto_________________aroundtheworld.

4.他穿过了迷宫一样的走廊。He________________throughthecomplexmazeofcorridors.

5.除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。______________afewgrammaticalmistakes,thiscompositionofyoursiswellwritten.

asighttobeholdformthefoundationExceptforfoundhiswaymakeavoyageThankyouFaroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing,Theocean

istoodeep___________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsand

underthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare

_______(see)themostuniqueflowersand

plants

__________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof

_________(form)ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud

_____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestis

theprettiest.P29Task3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsofthe

verbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?tomeasuretoseedancingformedtohavebeenAlthoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthe

deepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses

________(play)alldaylongis

_________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowing

outofthewalls,feedingandtouching

thefish

____________(swim)uptotheir

handsthroughthewindows.Theyseem

_________________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who..P29Task3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsofthe

verbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?toplaytoswim/swimmingswimmingnottoworry...whowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsalltheway

tothesurfaceandseesalargeship.

Ittravelstowardheratgreat

speedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelowthesurfaceofthewater

andjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrelises

thatitisascaryworldoursideoftheocean,andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.Activity:Useinthecontextofaparagraph1.Whatdidtheyoungestattempttodo?2.Whatmighthappentoherifshemetabiologyscientistor

Jiaolong?

Pleaseuseyourimaginationandwriteacreativeendingusing

infinitivesifnecessary.Haveyoueverscenaseal?Ithasaroundbellywithathickskin

________(keep)itself

warm.Itsbigeyesseem

______(be)thoseofaninnocentchild,whenyoulookintoits

eyes,youmayfeelcloscly

__________(connect)toit.Actually,peopleinancienttimesdidbelievesealsandhumanbeings

____________(be)the

same.Aslegendhasit,anoldcouplebytheseaonceheardababy

________(cry).They

hurriedtothewater,only

_______(find)ababysealthere.Theytookitbackhome,fed

it,andraiseditastheirson.Gradually,thebabysealgrewup,

_________(look)justlikea

humanbeing.Completethepassagebelowwiththeproperformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Whatdoyouthinkhappenedtotheson?tokeeptobeconnectedtobe/werecryingtofindlookingTheoldcoupleallowedhim

_______(go)anywhereexceptnearthesea.Thesonlovedhisparentssomuchthathepromised

_____________(nots