八年级下英语知识点

lesson11.What'stheweatherliketoday?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：Howistheweather?2.Itwillbesnowyandhottoday.snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词snow+y构成，类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3.What'sthetemperature?问温度是多少时，不用howmany\much，要用what4.Ihopenot.它的肯定形式为Ihopeso.类似的表达法有：I'mafraidso.\I'mafraidnot.Ithinkso\Idon'tthinkso.5.I'mscaredofthunder.bescaredofsb.\sth.害怕某人或某物。这里scared是过去分词，作形容词。如：I'mscaredofwildanimals.scare还可以作动词。如：Youscaredme.lesson21.What'sthedatetoday?It'sMarchtwenty-first.What'sthedate?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：Whatistoday'sdate?如果询问星期要用Whatdayistoday?\Whatdayisittoday?2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表示身份的变化。应为：成为。如：Thedaysarebecoming\gettinglongerinsummer.Hebecamealawyerin1998.3.Thetemperaturegoesup!goup意思是上升，与rise同义，与godown或set相反。如：thesungoesup\risesintheeastandgoesdown\setsinthewest.4.Thundermakesaloudnoise.makeanoise意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：Thebabyissleeping.Don'tmakeanoise.Youshouldn'tmakeanoiseinclass.lesson31.SpringhasarrivedinShijiazhuang.arrive是不及物动词，意思是到达。arrivein+大地点（国家、地区、城市）arriveat+小地点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点），地点为副词时in\at要省去。如：HearrivedinParis.Thetrainarrivedatthestation.Theyarrivedhomeearly.reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点(n)连用。如：HereachedParis.Thetrainreachedthestation.getto表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：Hegetsthereontime.2.EverymorningIseemanypeopleintheparkexercising.seesb.doingsth.表示看见某人在做某事，如：Canyouseethemplayingfootballoverthere?seesb.dosth.表示看见某人做过某事，如：Ioftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.这样的词还有：hear;watch;notice等。3.Thesunwillsetinaboutfifteenminutes.in是介词，表示在...以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换in.如：Hewillbebackintwodays.Theywillfinishtheworkintenmonths.4.Wewon'tseeanyflowersuntilMay.not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介词或连词。如：Theydidn'tleaveuntiltheyfinishedthework.Hewon'tgotobeduntil11o'clock.5.Nextmonth,maybewewillplayinourshortsandT－shirts!in表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着...颜色的衣服。如：Thegirlinthehatismysister.Theyareplayinginnewclothes.Ourteacherisinareddresstoday.Allofthemareinblack.lesson41.Weatheriswarming,...这里warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：It'swarminspring.It'sgettingwarmerdaybyday.2.onebyone一个接一个地如Youcanplanttheseedsonebyone.类似的词语还有：yearbyyear;daybyday.3.Seeitbringtheseason'schange.seesb.\sth.dosth.看到某人或某事物做过某事，change这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如：Hechangedhisclothes.lesson51.Let'sgocycling.gocycling=gotorideabike去骑车。如：HeoftengoescyclingonSunday.let'sdosth.表示让某人做某事let'snotdosth.让某人不要做某事，如：Let'shavearest.Let'snotgothere.2.Howaboutbaseball,then?how\whatabout+n\pron\doingsth.如：Ilikespring.Howaboutyou?Whataboutacupofcoffee?Howaboutopeningthewindow?3.Theballalwayshitsmeonthehead.hitsb.onthe+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：Hehitmeonthehead.Hewassoangrythathehitmaryintheface.4.Shallweplaysoccer?Shallwe\I...?表示征求对方意见，可以...吗；...好吗。如：Shallwegoswimming?ShallIsithere?lesson61.DannyisbabysittinghiscousinDebieattheplayground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的，这样的词还有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；attheplayground也可以说成in\ontheplayground.2.Holdon,Debbie!holdon可以表示稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Holdonaminute.Heheldontotherope.3.Dannywillpushyou.push这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.pushsb.=givesb.apush.4.It'stimetostopswinging,debbie.stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来做某事；如：Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.Whenhesawhisteacheronthestreet,hestoppedtotalktoher.Allthestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.5.Debbedgetsofftheswing.getoff...意思是从...下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是geton...如：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.TheywillgetoffthetraininBeijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用getinto\outof...lesson71.Ithoughtaboutitalldayatschool.thinkabout意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到...;如:Iamthinkingaboutmyfriendinthecountry.don'tthinkaboutitanymore.2.Ithoughtthatitwouldbeeasytobabysitthere.it在此代替后面的不等式tobabysitthere,作形式主语,如:Itisinterestingtoclimbthehill.Itishardtoanswerthequestion.3.Iwasscaredthatshewouldhurtherself,but...herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语[指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:Shecanlookafterherself.MymothertaughtherselfEnglish.反身代词还可以作同位语,起加强语气的作用.如:Shecandoitherself.=Sheherselfcandoit1.Thereareabouteightythousanddifferentplantsintheworldthatpeoplecaneat.thatpeoplecaneat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如Ilikethepresentthatyougaveme.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI'veeverread.Thewomanwhoisbabysittingthebabyismyaunt.2.Buthalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromonlythreeplants:race,cornandwheat.halfof...意思是...中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如Halfofhismoneywasspentonbooks.HalfofthebookshereareinEnglish.Halfofthestudentsinourclasslikemath.allof...;aquarterof...和它类似.3.Doctorsusemedicinetohelpsickpeople.use...todosth.意思是用...来做...,如Weuseourfeetandlegstowalk.sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如Hismotherwassick\illinbed.Therearemanysickpeopleinthedoctor'swaitingroom.4.Doyouhaveahatmadeofstraw?madeofstraw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如Doyouknowtheboynamedpeter?Thisisthecameraboughtinjapan.lesson151.Ihavealottowriteabouttoday.towrite作后置定语,修饰alot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如Ihavenothingtosay.Theyfoundaroomtolivein.Shehasnopentowritewith.2.Nowsth.newisgrowingatthetopofthestem.sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如Sth.iswrongwithhiscomputer.Thereissth.importantintoday'snewspaper.3.Later,theheadwillturnintowheatseeds.turninto...意思是变成...如Watercanturnintoo...意思是把...变成...,如Heatturnswaterintovapor蒸汽.相关的短语有changeinto...,o....lesson171.SheplayswithmewhenIcomehomefromschool.playwith...意思是与...玩,玩弄...如Don'tplaywithfire,it'sdangerous.2.Iwillkeephimundermydesk.keep的意思是使某人\某物保持某种状态或某地位.如Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Youcan'tkeepducksintheclassroom.keep还有饲养...的意思,如Hekeepsbees,goatsandhensonhisfarm.3.Iwillneedtoplantatreeinmybedroom.在肯定句中动词need通常用作行为动词,如Theyneedtofinishtheprojectontime.Youneedtotakeanumbrellawithyou.在否定句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词,也可以用作情态动词,如Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.=Youdon'tneedtofinishthatworktoday.Doyouneedtogoout?=Needyougoout?need还可以用作名词,如Thereisagreatneedforanewbookonthissubject.Thereisnodeedforyoutostartyet.lesson181.Hewastalkingtomymum.was\were+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如Hewasn'twatchingthehamburgersatthattime.HewascookingsupperwhenIgothome.lesson191.Thezooisopen.open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如Thisgardenisopentothepublic.open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如Hesleptintheroomwiththewindowopenlastnight.Theshopisn'topenonsundays.Hiscoatwasopen.Thecagesarebigandopen.2.Ithasallkindsofanimals.allkindsof意思是各种各样的,如Allkindsofplantsweredisplayed.differentkindsof...不同种类的...;akindof...一种....;3.We'llneedourcapstoprotectusfromthetectsb.\sth.against\fromsth.意思是保护\保卫某人或某物不受...的侵害.如Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.Winterwheatlyingundersnowisprotectedagainstthecold.4.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如Pleasedon'tstophim(from)playingbasketball.Hewasstoppedfromplayingbasketball.Wealltriedtostophim(from)smokinginbed.lesson201.Iamatthezoowatchingalltheanimals,Iwanttomakefriendswithonetoday.atthezoo在动物园,也可用作inthezoo.makefriendswith...表示与...交朋友.2.Throwsomefoodtotheducksbythewater.Standsostillwhiletheywaddlemyway.by是介词,意思是在...旁边,在...附近.如:Myhouseisbytheriver.still可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:KeepstillwhileIcombyourhair.PleasestandstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:Heisstillsleeping.Thefistisstillalive.while是连词,意思是当...的时候;如:ImetafriendwhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet.3.Iwantananimalfriendthatlikestojumpandrun,too.thatlikestojumpandrun是定语从句,修饰先行词ananimalfriend.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或who\whom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edisonwasamanwhonevergaveup.SheisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisateacher.Thehousewhichstandsonthehillismine.lesson211.Theygothroughtheentrance.through介词,意思是(从...内部)穿过.across指(从...表面上)横过.如:Iwalkedacrossthesquaretothemuseum.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.2.Maybephotoswouldsurprisetheanimals.maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybehedoesn'tknowit'sspring.Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.情态动词may和系动词be一起也可以表示可能是...的意思.如:Youmayberight.Ican'tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.3.Thendon'ttakephotosofme.takephotosofsb.意思是给某人照相.4.It'snearlynoon,andhe'sstillsleeping.nearly是副词,意思是几乎,差不多.如:Hurryup--it'snrarlytimeforschool.nearly和almost都表示几乎,差不多.在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.5.That'swherewegoout.wherewegoout.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:That'swhathesaid.That'swhyIamsoworried.Thequestioniswhetherourparentswillagree.Theproblemiswhichisheavier.Shelookedasifshewereadoctor.lesson221.Let'splayajokeonsomeonetoday.playajokeonsb.意思是开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:Weallplayajokeonhim.haveajokewithsb.意思是与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:Istoppedtohaveajokewithhim.makeajokeabout\ofsb.\sth.意思是拿某人(事)开玩笑.如:Don'tmakeajokeabouthim\hisshortcomings.2.Let'stellDannythatthebeargotoutofthezoo.getout(ofsth.)意思是从...里出来.另外,这个短语还可以表示出外走走.如Welovetogetoutintothecountrysideatweekends.Yououghttogetoutofyourhousemore.getoutofsth.\doingsth.意思是逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如IwishIcouldgetoutofgoingtothatmeeting.Ican'tgetoutofthehabitofwakingatsixinthemorning.3.Wehearditontheradio.on\overtheradio意思是通过无线电广播。类似的短语有onthetelephone;onTV.4.There'safiercebearing为现在分词，作bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句thatiscoming.如Thereisabaglyingontheground.Therearesomeboysplayingfootballoverthere.5.Youarejoking,aren'tyou?该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循两个一致，一个相反原则。如Thepenisyours,isn'tit?Heisn'tadoctor,ishe?Yourbrothercanswim,can'the?Youdon'tstudyChiese,doyou?HeneverwatchesTV,doeshe?Therewon'tbeanymeetingsnextweek,willthere?6.Wetrickedoutyou,Danny!trick是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如Theyoungmantrickedmeoutof50yuan.tricksb.outof+钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。lesson231.Oneoftheworld'sfirstzooswasinEgypt,about3500yearsago.ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。如Imethimthreedaysago.IsaidIhadmethimthreedaysbefore.before后接时间点，可用于任何时态。如Shegottotheofficebeforefiveo'clock.Wehopetogethomebeforesixo'clock.2.Nootherpeoplecouldgo.nootherpeople可以说成nobodyelse.如Nobodyelsecouldgothereexceptkings,queensandimportantpeople.3.Egyptisfamousforitspyramids.befamous\well-knownfor意思是以...著名;以...闻名.如Franceisfamousforitsfoodandwine.Theplaceisfomousforitshotsprings.befamousas...意思是作为...职业\身份而著名.如Heisfamousasawriter.4.Peoplewenttothezootolearnaboutanimals.tolearnaboutanimals是动词不定式作目的状语.如Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.Iwenttotheparktobreathethefreshair.5.Zoosaretheonlyplacesthatsomekindsofanimalslivein.thatsomekindsofanimalslivein是定语从句,修饰先行词theonlyplaces.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.lesson251.Ifillajarwithwater.fill...with...意思是用...装满...befilledwith...=befullof...意思是充满...如Onhearingthenews,hereyesarefilledwithtears.Theyfilledtheholewithwater.fillin...意思是填上...;填充...;如Fillintheblanks.2.Then,Iturnthejarupsidedown.upsidedown意思是向下翻转过来如Thatpictureisupsidedown.Youholdthebookupsidedown.rightsideup意思是正面朝上.3.Ithinkthefloorwillgetwet.get作系动词,意思是变得,后跟形容词作表语.如Thedaygetslongerinspring.与get相关的词组有:getalong\on(well)with...与...(和睦)相处.如Iamgettingalong\onwellwithmyclassmates.getawayfrom...意思是逃跑.如Thethiefgotawayfromthepolice.getback意思是返回;要回或拿回.如Afteralongholiday,hehadtogetbacktowork.Pleasegetthebookbackforme.getinto...意思是上车.如Hegotintothecar.getoff...意思是下车;从...下来.如Hegotoffthetrain.getup意思是起床;起身;站起.如Hesuddenlygotupfromthechair.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.gettogether意思是集合;团聚.如Wewillgettogetherattheschoolgateandtotothepark.getthrough意思是用电话联系上...如Ioftengetthroughtomyfriends.getto...意思是到达...如WewillgettoBeijingtomorrow.Hewillgethomebyfouro'clockthisafternoon.4.I'msurethefloorwon'tgetwet.sb.besure+that从句,意思是认为...一定....否定形式是sb.besure+疑问词引导的从句.如Tomissurethathewillwinthegame.Tomisnotsurewhetherhecanwinthegame.I'mnotsurewhenhe'llcomehere.5.Wecanprovewho'sve是及物动词,意思是证明,证实.常用于以下结构:provesth.(tosb.);prove(tosb.)that...;prove...(tobe)+adj\n.如Thefacthasprovedtheman'shonestytousall.=Thefacthasprovedtousallthatthemanishonest.=Thefacthasprovedtheman(tobe)ve也可以作不及物动词,意思是证明\表明(自己)是...,后跟形容词或名词.如Mytheorywillproverightsomeday.Duringthetrip,heprovedamanwithastrongwill.6.We'lldotheexperimentandobservewhatwillhappen.observe是动词,意思是观察.observesb.do\doingsth.如Iobservedherdance.WhenIpassedbythegrass,Iobservedhimwalking.lesson261.Iwillasktheclasstomakeobservationsandguesswhatwillhappen.makeobservations意思是观察.如Whiledoingexperiments,youmustmakecarefulobservations.这个短语还有做观察报告,评述,评论的意思.如OurgeographyteacherhasjustmadesomeinterestingobservationsonAfrica.observation也可以用作不可数名词.如Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.lesson271.Next,Brianwilltakehishandoffthecardboard.takesth.offsth.意思是使某物离开或脱离...如Wouldyoumindtakingyourfootoffmyhand?takeoff意思是起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如Theplanetookoffat7a.m.Takeoffyourshoes,please.Hetookoffforthestationinahurry.2.Theforceisstrongenoughtoholdthewater.adj\adv+enoughtodosth.意思是足够...以至于能做某事.如Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=Heissuchanoldboythathecangotoschool.enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如Thishallislargeenoughtoholdtwothousandpeople.Hewalksfastenoughtobehereintime.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoneytogofortraveling.I'msoory,butIhaven'tenoughtimetodothejob.3.AirisstrongerthanIthought!than可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分,表示比...;如Sheisabetterplayerthanshewaslastyear.Heistallerthanme.HegetsupearlierthanI(do).ratherthan意思是宁愿...,不愿...;与其...不如...如Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.4.Puteightspoonfulsofcornstarchintothebowl.spoonful是可数名词,意思是一勺的量.如aspoonfulofsugar.类似的还有twocupfulsofmilk;afewmouthfulsoftea;ahandfulofflowers.lesson281.Thattastessogreat.taste作系动词,后接形容词作表语,意思是尝起来...如Themeattastesgood.Ittastesbetterthanlooks.2.AndIwilleatuntilmyplateisempty.延续性动词+until\till...表示一直...直到...为止.如You'dbetterwaituntilhecomesback.IwillwatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我一直看电视直到我爸爸回来为止.瞬间性动词\延续性动词+not+until\till...表示直到...才...如Iwon'twatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我直到爸爸回来才看电电视.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.Hedidn'tgooutuntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到完成作业才出去.另,until\till作连词时,引导时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时时,从句要用一般现在时来代替.如Ishallwaithereuntilhearrives.Iwillwaituntilhereturns.lesson291.Dannyisatthepark.atthepark=inthepark2.Debbiewillhavefunlookingforthem.havefun相当于enjoyoneself意思是玩得高兴,过得愉快.如Wehadlotsoffunonthesportsgroundtoday.=Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchonthesportsgroundtoday.havefundoingsth.表示做某事有乐趣.Itis(not)funtodo\doingsth.=Thereismuch\nofunindoingsth.意思是做...有(无)乐趣.如Itisfuntocookamealmyself.=There'smuchfunincookingamealmyself.Thereisnotmuchfuningoingtoapartyalone.=It'snotfuntogotoapartyalong.3.Ican'tmakeeggs.makeeggs意思是产卵,下蛋.还可以说成layeggs.4.Canyoufindthem?辨析:find,lookfor,findout,huntforfind强调找的结果,意思是找到.如Hefoundhislostpen.lookfor强调动作的过程,意思是寻找.如Heislookingforhislostpen.findout强调(经过一番努力之后)找到...;查明....Atlast,theyfoundoutwhostolethebike.huntforsb.\sth.意思是寻找某人或某物.与lookfor同义.如Thepolicearehuntingforthethief.5.Nowmybasketisfullofeggs.befullof...意思是充满...=befilledwith...如Thebusisfullofpeople.=Thebusisfilledwithpeople.lesson301.Fillthedishhalffullofwater.half是副词,意思是部分地,一半地,差不多.如Thebottleisonlyhalffull.half也可作形容词,名词,意思是半个的,一半的,一半.如halfayear=ahalfyear;halfanhour=ahalfhour;Halfofthemarealreadyhere.Twohalvesmakeawhole.2.Tomakeacandleburn,you"light"it.make\let\havesth.\sb.dosth.意思是使某物或某人做某事.如Letthecandleburnfortwoorthreeminutes.3.Asthecandleburns,itusesupoxygenintheair.1)as作连词的各种用法as...as...结构中第二个as是连词,它往往连接一个不完整的句子,表示比较,意思是和...一样...;像...一样....如Johnisashealthyashissister.表示方式,意思是像,按照,如同.如RunasIdo.Leaveitasitis.表