2019届嘉定区高考英语二模

GrammarandVocabulary(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.EathealthierwithoutquittingsugarNotlongago,fatwasregardedastheevilforahealthydiet.Beforethatitwassalt.Nowthesugar-freediet(21)(explode)ontothehealthscene-andseemstohavetoppedmanypeople'slistofNewYear'sresolutions.Sugar-freedietsencouragepeopletoavoidsweetenersuchashoney,softdrinksandsomefruits.Somealsorecommend(22)(restrict)dairyproducts.Thediefsadvocatesnotethatexcessivesugarconsumptionmayincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseandsomecancers.Somanysugar-freefollowersavoidmilk,yoghurtandcheese(23)theassumptionthattheseproductscontainsugars.Ifstrueweareswallowingtoomuchofthesweetstuff,withtheaverageAmericanconsumingaround20teaspoonsof(24)(add)sugaraday.Butyoudon'tneed(25)(quit)sugarforhealthyeating.Quittingsugarisunlikelytoimproveyourhealthanymorethancuttingdownonover-processedfoodsandeatingmorevegetables.Researchshowsdietingisnoteffectiveoverthelongtermandcanleadtogreaterweightgainovertime.Thebraininterpretsdietingandrestrictionashunger,(26)causesthestorageoffat.Besides,thesugar-freedietisconfusingandimposesasetofrulesthat(27)(make)upwithoutscientificevidence.Sucharestrictivedietcancreatefoodfearoranunhealthyrelationshipwithfood.Peoplewhoworryaboutfoodaremorelikelytodiet.Thismaybe(28)theyareworriedabouttheirweight,orabouttheimpactcertainnutrientshaveontheirhealth.Throughseriesofexperiments,(29)theresearchersarecertainaboutisthatyoucaneatplentyofplants,enjoywholegrainsandbeans.Fruitisyoufriend,notyourenemy.Mostpeoplecouldprobablyeatalittlelesssugar,alittle(30)(often),butyoudon'thavetoquititforgoodtobehealthy.(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.fromourinterviewsthatmentoringaffordedseniorofficers,aswellasjuniorofficers,achancetodiscussandreflectonconcerns.69Byacknowledgingthattheseanxietieswerecommon,bothmenteesandmentorsgrewmorecomfortableindiscussingthemandinsharingdifferentcopingmechanisms.Whydoesmentoringhavethisimpactonmentors?70despitethepressuresthatcomeswiththeirroles-includingabuse,difficultdecisionmaking,andtheriskofdeath---policeofficerstendnottoseeksupportfromotherofficers,includingmoreseniorcolleagues.Thisistoavoidnegativestigma,ashamefulreputation,associatedwithmeatalhealthdisorders.Mentoringtherebyofferedawaytobuildtrustwithinarelationshipthatlaidafoundationforopenandhonestcommunicationofsensitivetopics..Summarywriting(10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Aninternationalteamofresearchersfoundemployeeswhoendurewhatisknownas"abusivesupervision“aremorelikelytobehavepoorlyonpurposebymessinguptasks,arrivinglate,takinglongbreaksandputtinginminimaleffort.Theauthorsofthestudy,publishedintheJournalofManagement,soughttoanswerwhyhorriblebossesmakeemployeeslesswillingtoshowwhatisknownasorganizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB),orcommitmenttothecompanyoutsideoftheircontractualobligations.Thatcouldincludehelpingcolleaguesorvolunteeringforunusualworkhours.Theyalsoassesseditseffectonaworker'stendencytoharmtheorganization,bydisplayingcounterproductive(反作用的)workbehavior(CWB)Tofindoutmore,anduncoverwhichnegativeoutcomebullying(欺凌)behaviorismorelikelytocause,researchersfromSouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsinChina,RenminUniversityofChinaandSwinburneUniversityofTechnologyinAustraliacooperatedandanalyzed427existingstudies.Theyfoundworkersactedouteitherbecausetheyfelttheywerebeingtreatedunfairlyintheworkplace,orfeltstressedandthisaffectedtheirabilitytoperformasexpected.AnemployeewhofelttheywereavictimofinjusticetendermoretowardsreluctancetoshowOCB.Stressedworkers,meanwhile,weremoreassociatedwithCWB.Employerswhoworriedsupervisorsareaffectingproductivitycantakestepstoeaseissuesbyregularlytrainingmanagers,introducingpolicieswhichcopewithworkplaceinjusticesandhelpingworkerstodealwithstress.Thisisnotthefirststudytosuggestunkindpracticescanaffectthewell-beingofworkers.ThepaperfollowsastudypublishedintheEuropeanHeartJournallastyear,whichshowedemployeeswhosufferbullyingaremorelikelytodevelopheartdiseasesthanthosewhoaren't.Bullyingandviolencearecommonatworkplacesandthoseexposedtothesestressorsareathigherrisk..Translation(15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。(progress).只有那些学业表现优秀且个人素质高的学生，才会被授予奖学金。(w汕).你眼下所面临的问题是，如何尽快克服每天服用安眠药才能入睡的习惯。(overcome).令人欣慰的是，尽管他年轻时遭受巨大不幸，他对生活仍然乐观，心存善意，追求美好。(optimistic)VI.Guidedwriting(25分)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学学生王华，你校学生会将组织暑期志愿者活动，有三个项目供选择:1,到历史博物馆担任讲解员；2、到科创中心担任辅导员；3、到医院担任导医。学生科根据自己的志愿和特长优势，网上申请其中一项。你有意向提出申请。你递交的申请信需说明：.所选择的的具体工作。.为什么选择这项工作；.如何出色完成该工作。参考答案：21.hasexploded22.restricting23.becauseof24.added25.toquit26.which27.aremade28.because29.what30.lessoften31.D32.H33.A34.F35.B36.G37.E38.C39.E40.J41-45CABAB56.D 57.B60.C 61.B41-45CABAB56.D 57.B60.C 61.B63.A 64.C67.F 68.B51-55BADBC58.A59.D62.D65.A66.DF70.AA.picturingB.separatedC.varyD.celebrationE.complicatedF.vastG.roughlyH.mythicalI.delicatelyJ.stressK.distinguishingTheUnitedNations9seriesof"languagedays“aredesignedtopromotetheuseofthesixofficiallanguagesoftheUNaswellastocelebrateculturalandlinguisticdiversity（语言多样性）.ChineseLanguageDayisthe20thApril.It9satimechosentofitinwiththeChinese31ofGuyu（古语）,whichhonoursCangjie-thefour-eyed32figurewhoistraditionallyunderstoodtohavecreatedChinesecharactersinthetimeoftheYellowEmperor,5000yearsago.33 .ButMandarinChineseisfarfromtheonlyvariantoftheChineselanguage-ortheonlylanguagespokeninChina.Infact,thereareagreatnumberofChineselanguages.Remember-thisisacountrywhichisbothverylargeandvery,veryold.Differentregionsarewithinthe34expanseofterritory,thatis,Chinacanbe35notonlybygreatdistancesbutalsobybroadlygeographicalfeaturessuchasmountainranges.Itishardtoguesshowmanydialectsactuallyexist.Ingeneral,dialectscanbe36classifiedintooneofthesevenlargegroups:Putonghua（Mandarin）,Gan,Kejia（Hakka）,Min,Wu,Xiang,andYue（Cantonese）.Eachlanguagegroupcontainsalargenumberofdialects.Understandingthesituationis37bythefactthat,whilemanyChinesepeopleindifferentgeographicalareasofthecountrymaynotunderstandeachotherwhentheyspeaktheirregionaldialect,theymaysharethesamewrittenlanguageeveniftheirpronunciationofdifferentcharacterswithinthatlanguagemay38.A39featureacrossallChineselanguagesistone.Forinstance,MandarinhasfourtonesandCantonesehassixtones.Tone,intermsoflanguage,isthepitch（高音）inwhichsyllables（音节）inwordsarespoken.InChinese,differentwords40differentkeys.Somewordsevenhavepitchvariationsinonesinglesyllable.IH.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（15分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhenElinorOstromwontheNobelPrizeforherresearchoneconomicgovernancein2009,itwasthefirst（andsofar,theonly）timeawomanwonaNobelforEconomics.Thatprizehas41fornearly50years.Wedon'tdoagreatjobofrecognizingwomen'scontributionstoscience

andinnovation.MycolleaguesandIwondered;Isoneofthereasonswhywomenaremorelikelyto42sciencethanmenbecausetheydon'treceivethesamerecognition?Tounderstandhow43shapeswomen'smotivationtoremaininscience,wefirsthadtogetagoodmeasureofthemotivations.Wesoughttofirststudyahighlyvisible44,prizes,becauselargeprizestendtobeunderstoodandappreciatedbythebroaderpublic,andtheyalsoinfluencethosewhomakedecisionsaboutscientific45andotherfinancialsupport.Ourstudyfocusedonprizesinthebiomedicalsciences.Ifwe'regoingtofind46anywhereinscience,itwouldbeinthisfield.Womenhaveenteredbiomedicineinequalnumberstomensincetheearly2000s.47this,ofallNobelsawardedtowomen,afulltwo-thirdshavebeenforbiomedicalresearch.Our48wassimple:wedocumentedallbiomedicalresearchprizeswecouldfindoverthepastfivedecades.Wealsoconsideredthefinancialawardsandimportanceassociatedwiththeprizes,asindicatorsoftheir49Thenwemeasuredthepercentageofprizeswonbywomenandtheassociationbetweengenderandprizequality.Ourinitialresultshighlightedoverall50news;theproportionofbiomedicalprizesawardedtowomenhasrisensteadily.Butwhenwelookedattheassociationbetweengenderandqualityofprizesawarded,weobservedamajordifference:onaverage,womenscientistswinprizesassociatedwithlessmoneyandimportancethanmendo.Importantly,ourfurtherresearchsuggeststhatthere'sno51thatthequalityorvalueofwomen-ledresearchisanylowerthanthatofmen,asmeasuredbycitations（弓I用）perarticle,productivity,orwidthofresearchtopicsstudied.52womenarecatchingupintermsofnumberofprizeswon,butstillfallsignificantlybehindinregardtotheimportanceandmonetaryawardsassociatedwiththeprizes.Thebottomline:whileonthesurfaceitmayappearthatthegendergaphassomewhat53whenitcomestoscienceprizes,greatinjusticeishiddenjustbelow.Theproblemlikely54beyondthebordersofscience.Inbusiness,forexample,prizesandfundingfornewtechnologandinnovationmayfollowasimilarpattern,helpingtoexplainthephenomenonobservedforfemaleentrepreneurs,again55byresearch.Thisissomethingworthexaminingingreaterdepth.A.remainedA.leaveA.contributionA.indicatorA.remainedA.leaveA.contributionA.indicatorB.awardeddoubtB.recognitionB.substanceexistedC.questionC.resolutionC.confirmationD.establishedsuspectD.promotionD.compliment45.A.experimentsB.innovationC.studyD.grants45.A.experimentsB.innovationC.studyD.grants46.A.genderequalityresearchprospectsinnovationpatternsA.conceptA.improvementA.vagueA.descriptionA.Therefore46.A.genderequalityresearchprospectsinnovationpatternsA.conceptA.improvementA.vagueA.descriptionA.ThereforeA.highlightedA.dominatesA.turnedoutSectionB（22分）B.outcomeB.qualityB.suddenB.evidenceB.HoweverB.eliminatedB.extendstakenonD.governmentcontrolrequirement D.approachC.accomplishment D.reputationC.good D.fundamentalC.documentC.InsteadC.strengthenedC.overtakesC.backedupD.comparisonD.NeverthelessD.narrowedD.justifiesheldupDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）“Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography（传记）ofgreatmenJarguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe“GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,youUllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.Tiloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester^VisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion,Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“otheritems“inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.goodbiographies B.storesofcertaintimesC.thevolumesofTheLastLionD.thechaptersoftheBritishEmpireWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.(B)AT&TInternationalDayPassInternationaltraveltipsUseyourdomesticplanwhenyoutravelinover100countriesfor$10aday.AddInternationalDayPasstoyourexistingplanbeforeyougo,thenfollowthesetipstohelpmanagecostsandmakethemostofyourtravels:HowitworksWhileabroad,ifyoumakeoracceptacall,listentoavoicemail,sendatext,orusedata,youwillbeautomaticallycharged$10for24-houraccesstoyourdomesticplan.Duringthatperiodyoucan:Useyourdomesticplandatatoemail,postonsocialmedia,translatelanguagesandmore.MakeunlimitedcallstocountriesincludedinInternationalDayPassSendunlimitedtextstotheworld.HowtohelpmanagecostsIfyouareoutsideofa24-houraccessperiodandyoudn'twanttouseyourphone,turnoffdataroaming(漫游)toavoidbeingcharged$10accidentally.SavedatebyconnectingWi-Fi,especiallyifyoudownload,orsendandreceivelargefiles.Howtocall,textandusedatainternationallyTocallorsendamessagetoanothercountry,dial+(countrycode)(localphonenumber)Tousecellulardata,turnonCellularDataRoaminginyourdeviceSettingsTocallusingWi-FiCalling,visitforinformationHowtoremoveInternationalDayPassNote:INTERNATIONALDAYPASS:Coveragenotavailableinallareas.InflDayPassmayberemovedifinternationaltalk,text,ordatauseexceeds(超过)50%ofyourtotaltalk,text,ordatausefortwomonths.WiththeAT&TInternationalDayPass.onecanmakeunlimitedcallstoanycountryfor$10aday.thephonewillautomaticallyturnonCellularDataRoamingthephonecallingcanenjoyafavorableprice,savingyourcostonecansavemoneybyusingWiFitodownloadorsendlargefilesAccordingtothetraveltips,whichofthefollowingisTURE?WithoutInternationalDayPass,onecannotmakephonecallsbacktotheUS.$10willbeautomaticallychargedifroamingremainsturnedonafter24hours.Pay-per-usewillapplywhenoneforgetstoremovetheInternationalDayPass.Thepasswillberemovediftheuseofdataexceedstheaveragemonthlyamount.WhichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplemightbeinthegreatestneedoftheAT&TInternationalDayPass?Peoplewhohavesteeledabroad.PeoplewhoworkinAT&Toverseasoffices.Peoplewhohaverelativesinforeigncountries.Peoplewhomakefrequentbusinesstripsabroad.（C）Escapingpredators（食肉动物）,digestionandotheranimalactivities-includingthoseofhumans---requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain,severalnewstudiesreveal.Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive-analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimatechange,saysAndreasOschlies,anoceanographerattheHelmholtzCenterforOceanResearchinGermany,whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide."Weweresurprisedbytheintensityofthechangeswesaw,howrapidlyoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectsonmarineecosystemsare,“hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,butthescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropical（热带的）regionshavedroppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelas50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons;First,thewarmeraliquidbecomes,thelessgasitcanhold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun.Second,aspolarseaicemelts,itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder,moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth.Oceananimalslargeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions.Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife,suchasoceanacidification,butdeoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday,Oschliessays.Afterall,hesays,"theyallhavetobreathe.”Asidefromfoodwebproblems,animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjusttoloweroxygenlevels.Chineseshrimp（虾）movetheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinloweroxygenenvironments.Somecreatures,suchasjellyfishes,aremoretolerantoflowoxygenthanothersare.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygencapacityforareason,saysOschlies."AnydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperfdrmanceJhesays.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatworriesscientiststhemost?Theworseningdeoxygenationinthewarmingocean.Thesurvivalofpredatorsandvariousmarineanimals.Thealarminglychangeableoxygenlevelsintheocean.Thelackofattentiontothewarmingoftropicaloceans.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheoxygenlossintheocean?Polaricemeltingconsumesmuchoxygenintheocean.Globalwarmingreducestheamountofoxygenintheair.Thesurfacepolaricewaterpreventsoxygengoingdown.Saltywaterholdslessgasintheincreasinglywarmerocean.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Oceandeoxygenationchangessomeanimals9naturalterritories.Oceanacidificationismoreseriousaproblemthandeoxygenation.Notalloceananimalsarebotheredbythedecreasingoxygenlevels.Some