山西省太原市高三下学期英语模拟考试试卷(三)

高三下学期英语模拟考试试卷(三)一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题3分，满分45分）阅读理解Pre-CollegeProgramCoursesTheHarvardPre-CollegeProgramwillbehostingallcoursesonlineforSummer2021.Toencourageinteractivelearning,classsizesaresmallandtypicallyrangefrom12to18students.Inthiscollegialsetting,youwillpracticetheartofhealthydebates,learntocommunicateclearlyoncomplextopics,anddeliverpresentationsonyourownresearch,allundertheguidanceofHarvardinstructorsforatrueIvyLeagueexperience.Attheendoftheprogram,youwillreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasaHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARorNM("requirementsmet"or"requirementsnotmet").Pleasenote:Youneedtoattendeveryonlineclassinitsentiretytoreceiveapassinggradeof"MetAllRequirements".Course:CareinCriticalTimes•Jul5—Aug16,Mon.toThurs.,8:30—11:00am•AndreaWrightWhatiscare?Howcananddocommunitiesencouragecareasatoolforbuildinghealing,andhope?Thiscourserequiresstudentstonotonlyaskhowtheymightengageincaringactswiththeirowncommunities,buttocompletealocallybasedcommunityprojectthatbringscare.Course:Introductiontoneuroscience•Jul7—Jul25,Wed.toFri.,Noon—3:00pm•GraceFrancisThiscourseisanintroductiontothenervoussystem,withemphasisonthestructureandfunctionofthehumanbrain.Course:CollegeWriting•Jul1—Jul22,Thurs.toSat.,8:00—11:30am•MartinTGreenupThiscourseintroducesstudentstocollegewritingbytakingthemthroughthestepsrequiredtocompleteafive—pageanalyticessay.Studentsreadarangeofclassicandcontemporaryshortstories,anddevelopstrategiesforcarefulclosereadingviaclassdiscussionandin-classexercises.Course:TheEconomicsofCities•Jun17—Jul29,Sun.toThurs.,3:15—6:15pm•ThomasShayHillWhatcausescitiestogrow,andwhatlimitstheirgrowth?Whatarethecostsofurbanliving,andhowcantheybeovercome?Weexaminearangeofmajorurbanissuesfromaneconomicview:trafficandtransportation;water,publichealthandtheroleofcitiesingeneratingeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.

Toofferanoverviewoftheprogram.

B.

Tointroducetheprograminstructors.

C.

Topresentthecontentsoftheguidance.

D.

Toexplaintherequirementsofthecourses.2.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouareavailableonFridaymorningsinJuly?A.

CareinCriticalTimes.

B.

CollegeWriting.

C.

Introductiontoneuroscience.

D.

TheEconomicsofCities.3.Whosecourseshouldyouchooseifyouareinterestedinurbanpublichealth?A.

AndreaWright's.

B.

GraceFrancis's.

C.

MartinT.Greenup's.

D.

ThomasShayHill's.阅读理解Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.JohnMarzluffwalksacrossthecampusattheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Crows(乌鸦)circleandsquawk(尖叫),divingathimandaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudents,wearingcavemanmasks,trappedthemandplacedcoloredplasticbandsontheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedtheunhappybirds.Whentheresearcherswanderedaroundcampuswithoutthemasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidnotreacttothem.Butwhenthesamehumanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir"enemies".Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreactedaggressivelytothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,moreandmorecrowsjoinedin,andevenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround."Crowsthinkanddream,fightandplay,reasonandtakerisks,"hesays."Theiranticsconfuseus."Thisledhimtostudyhowcrows'brainswork.Heandhisstudentsworeonetypeofmaskastheycapturedcrowsandbroughtthemintothelab,trainingthemtolinkthatfacewithdanger.Thenadifferentkindofmaskformorepositiveactivities,suchasfeedingandcaring.Thenheworkedwithscientistsattheuniversitywhoscananimalbrainstoseewhichpartsofacrow'sbraindocertaintasks.Surprisingly,thescientistsfoundthatwhenthecrowsawthe"danger"mask,onepartofitsbrainbecameactive.Whenthecrowsawthe"careandfeeding"mask,adifferentpartofitsbrainlitup.Theteamhasshownthatcrowsusethesamepartsoftheirbrainsforrecognitionthathumansdo—somethingthatwasnotknownbefore!Morethan10yearsafterthefirstmaskexperiment,campuscrowsstillscoldthe"cavemen".Crowsalsorecognizepeoplewhoarekindtothem.Crowsarealwayswatchingus...andtheyremember.4.WhydoesDr.JohnMarzluffsmile?A.

Heintendstoshowhiskindness.

B.

Herealizeshistrickhasworked.

C.

Heisamusedbythehappycrows.

D.

Heisembarrassedatthecrows'response.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"antics"inthethirdparagraphprobablyreferto?A.

Waysofbehaving.

B.

Huntingtypes.

C.

Flyingmodels.

D.

Chancesofsurvival.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethecrowsaccordingtothetext?A.

Sociable,intelligentandobservant.

B.

Noisy,dangerousandannoying.

C.

Reasonable,cautiousandaggressive.

D.

Strong-headed,proudandpopular.7.Whatcanweconcludeaboutcrowsfromthefourthparagraph?A.

Theysharethesamewisdomashumansdo.

B.

Theyneverforgivethosewhooncehurtthem.

C.

Theyonlyrecognizethepeoplewhoarebadtothem.

D.

Theyperformtaskswithdifferentpartsoftheirbrains.阅读理解Weoftenhearfriendsaskwhytheyshouldreadfiction.Thereissomuchtolearnfromhistory,fromwhatisgoingonatthefrontiersofscience,andfromcontemporarystudiesofhumanbehavior.Whyshouldtheyspendtheirscarce"freetime"readingfiction,thepurposeofwhich,atbest,isonlyentertainment?Wearedisappointedaboutsuchcomments.Yes,werespond,wedofindpleasureinreadingfiction.Butwealsolearnmuchabouthowtobestliveourlivesinwaysthatcanonlybecapturedbyfiction.Werecognizethatsomenovelsareentertaining,butleavenolastingimpression.Whatmakesanovelmorethanentertainment?Ouransweristhatwedon'tjustreadgreatbooks-theyreadusaswell.Thehumanconditioniscomplexandcontradictory,layeredlikeanice-creamdessert,withflavorsmixedamongthelayers.Agreatnovelreflectsthatcomplexity.Wemayreaditseveraltimes,aswedowithourfavorites,andeachtimeitislikefindinganoldfriendandgainingnewinsightsfromthatfriend.Weputitdownwithnewunderstandingsoftheworldaroundusand,mostimportant,ofourselves.Let'slookatthenovelFrankenstein,writtenin1818byMaryShelley.Frankensteinisnotthemonster,butayoungmanseekingoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.Hecollectsbodypartsandchargesitwithlife.Whenthedullyelloweyesopen,however,Frankenstein,shockedbywhathehasdone,abandonsthecreature,whichultimatelykillsFrankenstein'sbrother,hisbride,andhisbestfriend.Ononelevel,Frankensteinisentertaining-agoodhorrorstory,thoughalittledated.ButShelleywritesmorethanjustthat.Onadeeperlevel,herbookforcesustoaskwhetherhumansreachtoofartogainknowledgethatisasforbiddenasthefruitoftheGardenofEden.Thistheme,asoldasthelegendofPrometheus(普罗米修斯),dominatesFrankenstein.Shelley,ofcourse,knewnothingofgenetic(遗传的)engineeringthathappenstoday.Shewasdeeplytroubledbywhathumanbeingsmightdiscoveraboutthemselves,andtheeffectsofthosediscoveriesonsociety.Ourreadingofgreatliteraturecanalsobeenrichedbyunderstandingtheauthor'spersonalinterestsandanxieties.8.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutfictionreading?A.

Itisawindowtoawholenewworld.

B.

Ithelpsusdiscoverthefrontiersofscience.

C.

Itoffersinsightintohowtolivebestlives.

D.

Itholdssomecluestounderstandingourmemory.9.Whydoestheauthorsaygreatbooksreadusaswell?A.

Becausetheydeservereadingseveraltimes.

B.

Becausetheyleadustoarichandcolorfullife.

C.

Becausetheyexplorehumans'complexreality.

D.

Becausetheyimprovethewriter-readerrelationship.10.WhatdoweknowaboutthenovelFrankenstein!A.

Itisbasedonagrandtheme.

B.

Itisarecordofahistoricevent.

C.

Itismerelyagreathorrorstory.

D.

ItisaboutthelegendofPrometheus.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

Whyshouldwereadfiction?

B.

Cannovelreadinglastlong?

C.

Readforfunorreadfornone?

D.

IsFrankensteinreallyentertaining?阅读理解Windowsareakeycomponentinabuilding'sdesign,buttheyarealsotheleastenergy-efficientpart.Accordingtoa2009reportbytheUnitedNations,buildingsaccountfor40percentofglobalenergyusage,andwindowsareresponsibleforhalfofthatenergyconsumption.Ifconventionalwindowsareusedtobetterblocksunlightpassingintoabuilding,theyneedexpensivecoatings.Evenso,theycannotadjusttheindoortemperatureeffectively.ScientistsattheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(NTU)havedevelopedasmartliquidwindowpanelthatcanhelp.Bycreatingamixtureofmicro-hydrogel(水凝胶),water,andastabilizer,theyfoundthatitcaneffectivelyreduceenergyconsumptioninavarietyofclimates.Thankstothehydrogel,themixturebecomeshard-to-see-throughwhenexposedtoheat,thusblockingsunlight,and,whencool,itreturnstoitsoriginalclearstate.Thehighheatcapacityofwaterallowsalargeamountofheatenergytobestoredinsteadofgettingtransferredthroughtheglassandintothebuildingduringthehotdaytimewhenofficebuildingsmainlyoperate.Theheatwillthenbegraduallycooledandreleasedatnightwhenthestaffareoffduty.Asaproofofconcept,thescientistsconductedoutdoortestsinhot(Singapore,Guangzhou)andcold(Beijing)environments.TheSingaporetestrevealedthatthesmartliquidwindowhadalowertemperature(50°C)duringthehottesttimeoftheday(noon)comparedtoanormalglasswindow(84°C),TheBeijingtestsshowedthattheroomusingthesmartliquidwindowconsumed11percentlessenergytomaintainthesametemperaturecomparedtotheroomwithanormalglasswindow.Theyalsomeasuredwhenthehighestvalueofstoredheatenergyofthedayoccurred.This"temperaturepeak"inthenormalglasswindowwas2pm,andinthesmartliquidwindowwasshiftedto3pm.Ifthistemperaturepeakshiftleadstoashiftinthetimewhenabuildingneedstodrawonelectricalpowertocoolorwarmthebuilding,itshouldresultinlowerenergychargesforusers.Theresearchteamisseekingwaystocutdownthecostofproducingthesmartwindowandsofar,theyhavefoundseveralindustrypartnerstocommercializeit.12.Whatisthedisadvantageofconventionalwindows?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theyarenotheatproof.

C.

Theycontributelesstoenergysaving.

D.

Theycan'tblocklightintothebuilding.13.Howdoesasmartliquidwindowpanelworktocoolbuildings?A.

Bytakinginmuchofheatenergy.

B.

Byreturningtoitsoriginalclearstate.

C.

Bygettingmostofsunlighttransferred.

D.

Byspreadingsunlightindifferentdirections.14.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatisthevalueofthetemperaturepeakshift?A.

Itwillmakethewindowslong-lasting.

B.

Itcouldhelpthebuildingusersreducecosts.

C.

Itmakesthebuildingsrelyonnoelectricalpower.

D.

Ithelpsthewindowsmaintainaconstanttemperature.15.Whatcanweexpectofthesmartwindowinthefuture?A.

Itwillbeunaffordable.

B.

Itneedstobefurtherimproved.

C.

Itwillbewidelyusedinthecity.

D.

Itwillcomeontothemarketsoon.二、任务型阅读（共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选。选项中有两项为多余选。HowtoCopeWhenLifeDoesThingsWeCan'tControlStuffhappensinlife.16.

Weneitherseethedifficultiescoming,norhavecontroltostopthem.Theresult,ofcourse,ismoreanxietyandstressthanweknow.Hereareapproachesthatcanhelpusmovethroughwhatlifethrowsus.•Throwourinnervictimalifejacket.Whenlifebecomesmessy,itoftenfeelseasiertojustthrowupourhandsandassumewecan'tdoanything.17.

Beingavictimoftenallowsustopretendwearefineandchoosetofeelsorryforourselves.Whilewecan'tchangewhathashappened,noneofusarepowerless.Considerfindingastresssupportgrouporcallingahotline.Weallhavethepowertochooseournextstepinlife.•18.

Whenweareunderstress,thenaturaltendencyisto"talkthingsthrough"withourfriendsandlovedones.19.

Writingthingsdownonpapercanbeanamazingwaytomakethefactsclearandkeepthemstraight.Theprocessofmovingthoughttohandmakesitharderforustolietoourselves.Themorewegettothetruthofoursituation,themorewecansourcewaystodealwithit.Wemightalsobenefitfromwritingdownourideasformanagingoursituation.•Switchupourperspective(视角).20.

Itrarelyis.Instead,it'saperspective.Imaginelifeisastatue,andthatacircleofpeoplesurroundsthestatue,howmanymoreanglesaretheretoseethingsfromthantheoneyouarestandingat?Sometimesanewperspectivecanputusintoabettermindset.A.Behonest—onpaper.B.Itdoeswork,butnotalways.C.Thisisaformofvictimmode.D.Andoften,difficultstuffhappens.E.Therefore,lifemaythrowusacurveball.F.Getsupport—fromourfriendsandlovedones.G.Manyofusbelievewhatwethinkisthewholetruth.三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选。MyhusbandMikewavedastickinmyface,pullingmyattentionbacktotheveryimportanttaskathand.AsIlookedup,IsawourdogBagel's

21

commandingtomakethenextmove.Fromourfirstencounter,Bagel'sstarehassaideverythingthatshecouldnot

22

out.Twelveyearsafter

23

Bagel,weunderstoodeachotherbetterthanever.Thissummerwedecidedto

24

theoccasionwitharoadtrip.We

25

ourselvesonaVancouverIslandbeach,morethan1,500milesfromour

26

inNorthernColorado.Maximum

27

requiredthewholefamily'sinvolvementandparticipation.Bagelremindedmeasshewaitedformeto

28

ourgameoffetch.Holdingmyeyeswithhers,shethrewherheadbackandsenther

29

directlytome:"Heylady,you'resupposedtobe

30

too.It'syourturn!”Itookthe

31

fromMikeandasfarasIcould,

32

itintothewater.Withinsecondsshe

33

droppingthestickatmyfeetwithabark,"

34

!"AsIwatchedmyagingdogwalkaroundlikeapuppy,Iknewwehadmadeourdecision

35

butwhenweplannedthis

36

werealizedthatitcouldbeoneofherlast.Forthelastcoupleofyears,oldagehadfinallybegunto

37

energyandstrength.Assheages,itisbecomingincreasinglydifficultto

38

thefactthatMikeandIwillalmost

39

outliveher.Andconsequently,itfeelsmoreimportantthaneverthatweshouldcelebrate,ratherthan

40

thelimitedtimewehaveleft.21.A.eyesB.headC.heartD.figure22.A.jumpB.kickC.speakD.turn23.A.examiningB.seizingC.adoringD.adopting24.A.equipB.celebrateC.decorateD.provide25.A.adaptedB.abandonedC.foundD.exposed26.A.homeB.destinationC.hotelD.exit27.A.levelB.funC.preferenceD.movement28.A.updateB.loseC.changeD.continue29.A.barkB.whisperC.silenceD.tune30.A.teachingB.sittingC.playingD.hiding31.A.panelB.stickC.ballD.bone32.A.guidedB.rolledC.pushedD.threw33.A.returnedB.hesitatedC.appearedD.passed34.A.NoB.SureC.AgainD.Fine35.A.patientlyB.wiselyC.directlyD.hopelessly36.A.partyB.matchC.visitD.trip37.A.robherofB.warnherofC.showinterestinD.givewayto38.A.ensureB.ignoreC.forgetD.suspect39.A.bitterlyB.simplyC.certainlyD.hardly40.A.faceB.treasureC.witnessD.mourn四、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Formanypeopleintheworld,foodwastehasbecomeahabit:buyingmorefoodthanweneedatmarkets,41.

(let)fruitandvegetablesspoilathomeortakingmorethanwecaneat.Thesehabitsputextrapressure42.

ournaturalresourcesanddamageourenvironment.Whenwewastefood,wewastesomuchlabour,effort,43.

(invest)andthepreciousresourcesthatgointoproducingit,nottomentiontheresourcesintransportingandprocessingit.Inshort,wastingfoodincreasesgreenhousegasemissionsand44.

(contribute)toclimatechange.It's45.

urgentissue.Infact,tonsoffoodislostorwasted46.

(global)everyday.Thepartoffoodthatislostfromharvestupto,butnotincluding,theretailleveliscalledfoodloss.Thepartwastedattheconsumerorretaillevel47.

(refer)toasfoodwaste.Wemakethisdistinctiontoaddressthoseroot48.

(cause)ofthisproblem,aproblemthateveryonefromfarmersandproducerstocustomerscanhelpend.Reducingfoodlossandwasteisessentialinaworld49.

millionsofpeoplegohungryeveryday.Whenwereducewaste,werespectthatfoodisnotagiven.It'suptous50.

(change)ourhabitstomakenotwastingfoodawayoflife!五、短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Myauntisawell-knownartist.Herpaintingsaresuchlifelikethattheyalwaysgivememuchpleasures.Myauntalwaysremindsmeofthatthereismorethanonewayofinterpretingapainting.Inmyopinion,artissupposedtoshared.Itisaformofcommunication.Icouldn'tagreewithhermuch.Whenviewerslookataworkofart,theywerebringingwiththemalltheirlifeexperiencesaswellaspreviousmemories.Thatoneexperienceswillnotbeexactlythesameassomeoneelse'swhenfacewiththesamepiece.Perhapsthat'swhereitstrulybeautylies.六、书面表达（满分25分）52.假定你是李华，你校将组织百人唐诗英译比赛,请给外教Alice写封邮件，邀请她做评委，内容包括：1）发出邀请；2）比赛介绍；3）请她提供建议。注意：1）词数100左右。2）开头结尾已给出。

答案解析部分一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题3分，满分45分）【答案】1.A

2.B

3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一个针对高中生名为TheHarvardPre—College的项目，以及这个项目的具体食宿课程安排信息。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。1.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inthiscollegialsetting,youwillpracticetheartofhealthydebates,learntocommunicateclearlyoncomplextopics,anddeliverpresentationsonyourownresearch,allundertheguidanceofHarvardinstructorsforatrueIvyLeagueexperience.Attheendoftheprogram,youwillreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor”在这个学院的环境中，你将练习健康辩论的艺术，学会在复杂的话题上清晰地交流，并在哈佛导师的指导下发表自己的研究报告，以获得真正的常春藤联盟经验。课程结束时，您将收到导师的书面评估。可知，此处是对该计划的概述。故选A。2.考查细节理解。根据Course:CollegeWriting部分中的“•Jul1—Jul22,Thurs.toSat.,8:00—11:30am”课程：大学写作•7月1日至7月22日，周四。至周六，上午8:00-11:30，可知，如果你在七月的星期五上午有空，可以选大学写作课。故选B。3.考查细节理解。根据Course:TheEconomicsofCities部分中的“Weexaminearangeofmajorurbanissuesfromaneconomicview:trafficandtransportation;water,publichealthandtheroleofcitiesingeneratingeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation.”我们从经济学的角度研究了一系列主要的城市问题：交通和运输；水、公共卫生和城市在促进经济增长和技术创新方面的作用。可知，如果你对城市公共卫生感兴趣，应该选择托马斯·谢伊·希尔的城市经济学。故选D。【答案】4.B

5.A

6.A

7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项针对乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的研究。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息的基础上，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4.考查推理判断。根据第一段“Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.JohnMarzluffwalksacrossthecampusattheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Crows(乌鸦)circleandsquawk(尖叫),divingathimandaway.”约翰·马兹拉夫博士戴着穴居人面具走过西雅图华盛顿大学的校园。乌鸦们围着他呱呱叫着，向他俯冲而去；以及第二段中的“Beneaththemask,hesmiles.”面具下，他笑了。可知，JohnMarzluff笑了，因为他意识到他的戏弄乌鸦的把戏起作用了。故选B。5.考查词义猜测。根据第二段

“Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreactedaggressivelytothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,moreandmorecrowsjoinedin,andevenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.‘Crowsthinkanddream,fightandplay,reasonandtakerisks,’hesays.”一开始，只有戴上带子的鸟对戴着面具的人有攻击性反应。但在后来的测试中，越来越多的乌鸦加入了进来，甚至当被绑上带子的鸟不在身边时也是如此。“乌鸦会思考和做梦，会打架和玩耍，会思考和冒险，”他说。可知，划线词所在句意为“它们的行为方式把我们搞糊涂了”。由此推知，划线词指的是“乌鸦们的行为方式”。故选A。6.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreactedaggressivelytothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,moreandmorecrowsjoinedin,andevenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.”一开始，只有戴上带子的鸟对戴着面具的人有攻击性反应。但在后来的测试中，越来越多的乌鸦加入了进来，甚至当被绑上带子的鸟不在身边时也是如此，可知，乌鸦是一种社交性的鸟类；以及最后一段中的“Morethan10yearsafterthefirstmaskexperiment,campuscrowsstillscoldthe‘cavemen’.Crowsalsorecognizepeoplewhoarekindtothem.Crowsarealwayswatchingus...andtheyremember.”第一次面具实验已经过去10多年了，校园里的乌鸦们还在骂“山顶洞人”。乌鸦也会认出对它们友善的人。乌鸦总是盯着我们……它们记得。可知，乌鸦很聪明、也善于观察。故选A。7.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Surprisingly,thescientistsfoundthatwhenthecrowsawthe‘danger’

mask,onepartofitsbrainbecameactive.Whenthecrowsawthe‘careandfeeding’mask,adifferentpartofitsbrainlitup.Theteamhasshownthatcrowsusethesamepartsoftheirbrainsforrecognitionthathumansdo—somethingthatwasnotknownbefore!”令人惊讶的是，科学家发现当乌鸦看到“危险”面具时，它大脑的一部分开始活跃。当乌鸦看到“照顾和喂养”面具时，它大脑的不同部分亮了起来。研究小组发现，乌鸦用大脑中与人类相同的部分来进行识别，这是以前所不知道的。可知，乌鸦用大脑的不同部位执行任务。故选D。【答案】8.C

9.C

10.A

11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么要读小说，以及小说带来的好处。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“wealsolearnmuchabouthowtobestliveourlivesinwaysthatcanonlybecapturedbyfiction.”我们也学到了很多关于如何以只有小说才能捕捉到的方式最好地生活的知识。可知，此处想要表示读小说提供了如何过上最好生活的见解。故选C。9.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“wedon'tjustreadgreatbooks-theyreadusaswell.Thehumanconditioniscomplexandcontradictory,layeredlikeanice-creamdessert,withflavorsmixedamongthelayers.Agreatnovelreflectsthatcomplexity.”我们不只是阅读伟大的书籍-他们也阅读我们。人类的情况是复杂而矛盾的，像冰淇淋甜点一样分层，层层之间混合着各种味道。一部伟大的小说反映了这种复杂性。可知，伟大的书探索了复杂的现实。故选C。10.考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Onadeeperlevel,herbookforcesustoaskwhetherhumansreachtoofartogainknowledgethatisasforbiddenasthefruitoftheGardenofEden.Thistheme,asoldasthelegendofPrometheus，dominatesFrankenstein.”在更深的层面上，她的书迫使我们去问，人类是否达到了太远的程度而无法获得像伊甸园的果实那样被禁止的知识。这个主题，就像普罗米修斯的传说一样古老，支配着弗兰肯斯坦。可知，此处表示小说《弗兰肯斯坦》有更深层次的意义，这个主题，像普罗米修斯的传说一样古老，可推知，这本书是基于一个宏大的主题。故选A。11.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Weoftenhearfriendsaskwhytheyshouldreadfiction.”我们经常听到朋友问他们为什么要读小说；以及“Whyshouldtheyspendtheirscarce‘freetime’readingfiction,thepurposeofwhich,atbest,isonlyentertainment?”他们为什么要把自己稀缺的“空闲时间”花在阅读小说上，而小说的目的充其量只是娱乐？可知，此处想要讨论的是我们为什么要读小说。故选A。【答案】12.C

13.A

14.B

15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能液体窗面板。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。12.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“wealsolearnmuchabouthowtobestliveourlivesinwaysthatcanonlybecapturedbyfiction.”我们也学到了很多关于如何以只有小说才能捕捉到的方式最好地生活的知识。可知，此处想要表示读小说提供了如何过上最好生活的见解。故选C。13.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thehighheatcapacityofwaterallowsalargeamountofheatenergytobestoredinsteadofgettingtransferredthroughtheglassandintothebuildingduringthehotdaytimewhenofficebuildingsmainlyoperate.”水的高热容量使大量的热能得以储存，而不是在炎热的白天通过玻璃传递到建筑物中，而办公楼主要是在白天运行。可知，智能液体窗面板通过吸收大量热能来冷却建筑物。故选A。14.考查推理判断。根据中的“theroomusingthesmartliquidwindowconsumed11percentlessenergytomaintainthesametemperaturecomparedtotheroomwithanormalglasswindow.”使用智能液体窗的房间比使用普通玻璃窗的房间要少消耗11%的能量来保持相同的温度；以及“This‘temperaturepeak’inthenormalglasswindowwas2pm,andinthesmartliquidwindowwasshiftedto3pm.Ifthistemperaturepeakshiftleadstoashiftinthetimewhenabuildingneedstodrawonelectricalpowertocoolorwarmthebuilding,itshouldresultinlowerenergychargesforusers.”正常玻璃窗的“温度峰值”为下午2点，智能液体窗的“温度峰值”为下午3点。如果这种温度峰值偏移导致建筑物需要用电来冷却或加热建筑物的时间发生偏移，则应该会降低用户的电费。可推知，温度峰值偏移的价值是节约成本。故选B。15.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Theresearchteamisseekingwaystocutdownthecostofproducingthesmartwindowandsofar,theyhavefoundseveralindustrypartnerstocommercializeit.”该研究团队正在寻找降低智能窗生产成本的方法，到目前为止，他们已经找到了几个行业合作伙伴将其商业化。可知，研究团队已经找到了合作伙伴将其商业化。由此推知它应该很快就会上市。故选D。二、任务型阅读（共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分）【答案】D；C；A；B；G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当生活中发生了我们无法控制的事情时，我们该如何应对。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16.根据空前“Stuffhappensinlife.”生活中总会发生一些事情；以及空后“Weneitherseethedifficultiescoming,norhavecontroltostopthem.”我们既看不到困难的到来，也没有能力阻止它们。可知，生活中总会发生一些我们无法预测和控制的困难事情。可知，D.Andoften,difficultstuffhappens.“经常会发生困难的事情”符合语境，故选D。17.根据上文中的“Whenlifebecomesmessy,itoftenfeelseasiertojustthrowupourhandsandassumewecan'tdoanything.(当生活变得一团糟时，我们更容易放手，认为自己什么都做不了)”及下文“Beingavictimoftenallowsustopretendwearefineandchoosetofeelsorryforourselves.(成为受害者常常让我们假装自己很好，并选择为自己感到难过)”可知，此处在介绍一种受害者模式的表现。由此可知，C项Thisisaformofvictimmode.(这是受害者模式的一种形式)符合题意，其中victim是关键词。故选C。18.根据空后“Writingthingsdownonpapercanbeanamazingwaytomakethefactsclearandkeepthemstraight.Theprocessofmovingthoughttohandmakesitharderforustolietoourselves.Themorewegettothetruthofoursituation,themorewecansourcewaystodealwithit.”把事情写在纸上是一种让事实清晰明了的神奇方式。将思想移动到手上的过程使我们更难对自己撒谎。我们越了解我们处境的真相，就越能找到解决它的方法)”可知，本段主要讲述的是写下自己的真实情况。由此可知，A.Behonest—onpaper.“诚实——写在纸上”符合语境，概括本段主旨。故选A。19.根据空前“Whenweareunderstress,thenaturaltendencyisto‘talkthingsthrough’withourfriendsandlovedones.”当我们处于压力之下时，自然的倾向是与我们的朋友和爱人“谈事情”；以及空后“Writingthingsdownonpapercanbeanamazingwaytomakethefactsclearandkeepthemstraight.”把事情写在纸上是一种让事实清晰明了的神奇方式，及常识可知，与我们的朋友和爱人“谈事情”确实有效，但并不总是有效，所以我们才选择把事情写在纸上。由此可知，B.Itdoeswork,butnotalways.“它确实有效，但并不总是有效”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选B。20.根据空后“Itrarelyis.Instead,it'saperspective.Imaginelifeisastatue,andthatacircleofpeoplesurroundsthestatue,howmanymoreanglesaretheretoseethingsfromthantheoneyouarestandingat?”很少是这样的。相反，这是一种视角。想象生活是一尊雕像，雕像周围围了一圈人，相比你所站的角度，你看东西的角度有多少个？可知，我们应该改变我们的视角。可知，G.Manyofusbelievewhatwethinkisthewholetruth.“我们中的许多人相信我们认为的全部事实”能够与下文形成逻辑转折关系，符合语境，故选G。三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）【答案】21.A；22.C；23.D；24.B；25.C；26.A；27.B；28.D；29.A；30.C；31.B；32.D；33.A；34.C；35.B；36.D；37.A；38.B；39.C；40.D；【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和丈夫迈克还有我们狗狗的旅行，并且在这场旅行中体会到了我们要珍惜时间。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21.句意：我抬头一看，看到我们的狗百吉饼的眼睛在命令我们下一步行动。A.eyes“眼睛”；B.head“头”；C.heart“心脏”；D.figure“数字”。根据下文“Fromourfirstencounter,Bagel'sstarehassaideverythin