上海中级口译-汉译英句子地翻译

汉译英

句子的翻译专题Lecturer:FrankChenHangzhouNewOrientalSchool1.主语的确定主语的三种处理方法：①以原句主语作译文主语直接法②重新确定主语间接法③增补主语添加法1.主语的确定①直接法例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。Ourhousewasbuiltoverahundredyearsago.例句2：我是地球人。Icomefromtheearth.1.主语的确定例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。1.主语的确定Ifvocabularyisthe“buildingmaterials”forlanguage,sentencesarethe“fundamentalparts”ofwriting.例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。Chinacanbecountedon.Amongotherthings,first,itupholdsprinciplesandsecond,ithonorsitswords.1.主语的确定例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。Asahorsemaytumble,amanmaymakemistakes.非常简单文化差异应用有限1.主语的确定②间接法中英文表达的习惯不同语言地道，句式多样例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。译法1（直接法）：Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaisveryactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.1.主语的确定译法2（间接法）：TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。译法1：InOctober,1964,Chinablasteditsfirstatomicbomb,whichshockedtherestoftheworldsignificantly.1.主语的确定译法2：China’sfirstatomicblastinOctober,1964wasagreatshocktotherestoftheworld.例句9：胎又瘪了。译法1：We’vegotanotherflattire.译法2：Ourtireisflatagain.例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。1.主语的确定译法1：Itisimpossibletojudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,andimpossibletomeasuretheoceanbypints.译法2：Wecannotjudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,justaswecannotmeasuretheoceanbypints.主语确定才能帮助翻译1.主语的确定③增补法推敲语境考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。例句11：沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence,silence!Unlessweburstout,weshallperishinthissilence.1.主语的确定练习1：中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。菜鸟级TheshipofChina’ssocialistconstructionwillbravethewindandwavesandsailtothegloriousdestinationofmodernization.1.主语的确定魔王级：Chinawillstrideforwardinbuildingsocialism,likeashipbravingthewindandthewaves,towardsthegloriousdestinationofmodernization.练习2：我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。1.主语的确定菜鸟级：Thedevelopmentofourrelationshasmadeusnotonlyclosefriendsbutbrothersaswell.魔王级：Ourrelationshavesogrownthatbindusnotonlyasclosefriendsbutalsoasbrothers.1.主语的确定练习3：他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快赢得了大家的信任。雏鸟级：Hisoutspokennessandreadinesstomakefriendswithanyonesoonwontheirtrust.1.主语的确定小妖级：Hewasveryoutspokenandalwaysreadytomakefriendswithanyone,sohewontheirtrust.大师级：Hewassofrank,outspokenandconstantlywillingtomakefriendswithanyonethathesoonwontheirtrust.1.主语的确定练习4：中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。菜鸟级：Thestrength,prosperityanddevelopmentofChinawillposenothreattoanycountries.1.主语的确定小妖级：Astrong,prosperousanddevelopedChinawillposenothreattoanycountries.大师级：Therestoftheworldwillconfrontnothreatfromastrong,prosperousanddevelopedChina.1.主语的确定练习5：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。Stormsgatherwithoutwarninginnatureandbadluckbefallsmenovernight.练习6：真是太荒谬了。It’sutterlyabsurd.1.主语的确定练习7：只有冷静才能成功。Successdependsoncalmminds.练习8：端午节吃粽子。

OntheDragonBoatFestival,peopleeatzongzi.2.谓语确定和主谓一致例句1：中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。TheeconomyofChinawillconvergewiththatoftheworld.TheeconomyofChinawillmergeintothetideoftheworldeconomy.Chinawillmergeintotheworldtideintermsofeconomy.2.谓语确定和主谓一致例句2：这事到了现在，还是时时记起。Evennow,Istilloftenthinkaboutit.Evennow,thisremainsfreshinmymemory.例句3：在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。2.谓语确定和主谓一致YoucanhearShanghaipeopleusingmoreandmoreadjectivesofthesuperlativedegreewhentheytalktothepress.Whentheytalktopress,theShanghaicitizensusemoreandmoreadjectivesofthesuperlativedegree.2.谓语确定和主谓一致例句4：她们逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。Theygraduallycalmdownwithself-confidencerestored.Gradually,theycalmeddownandregainedself-confidence.Self-confidencecameoverthemastheygraduallycalmeddown.2.谓语确定和主谓一致例句5：第一次是辛亥革命，第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，第三次是改革开放。Thefirstchangewasrepresented

bytheRevolutionof1911…Thesecondchangewasmarkedbythefoundingofthepeople’srepublicofChina…Thethirdchangewasfeaturedbythereform,openingpolicy…

2.谓语确定和主谓一致谓语的确定应该基于构句的需要例句6：农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。Ifagricultureisingoodshapeandthepeasantsself-supporting,thenthe500millionpeoplewillfeelsecure.2.谓语确定和主谓一致例句7：关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。Fullattentionhasbeenpaidbythemunicipalgovernmenttotheimprovementofthehousingconditionsoftheurbaninhabitants.Themunicipalgovernmenthaspaidfullattentiontothehousingconditionsoftheurbaninhabitants.2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习1：本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。Thecontentthatthispapertalksaboutisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengineers.Whatthispaperdiscussesisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengineers.2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习2：在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起作用，就必须接受必要的教育。Inourtimes,substantialeducationisindispensibleforanyonetoplayhisroleinsociety.Inourtimes,anyonewhowantstoplayhisroleinsocietymustreceivesubstantialeducation.2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习3：中国观察问题不是看社会制度。Chinastudiesthesequestionsnotinthelightofsocialsystem.Chinadoesnotregardsocialsystemasacriterioninitsapproachtoproblem.2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习4：脍炙人口的传统京剧《白蛇传》讲的是源自明朝的故事。TheWhiteSnake,oneofthemostpopulartraditionalPekingoperas,isbasedonastoryhandeddownfromtheMingDynasty.derivefrom…originatefrom…2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习5：英雄造时势，时势造英雄。Heroescreatethetimes,thetimesproducetheirheroes.练习6：一踏进门槛，屋子里的混乱景象使我吃了一惊。Crossingthethreshold,Iwastakenabackbythemess/chaosinthehouse.

2.谓语确定和主谓一致练习7：四川被称为“天府之国”。Sichuanisnotedasthe“LandofAbundance”.benotedas…bereputedas…beeulogizedas…3.语序的调整英语汉语相同处主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）施事+行为+受事英语汉语不同处定语的位置状语的位置3.语序的调整句内主要成分位置的调整SVO主语+谓语+宾语施事+行为+受事中文明显灵活英文相对固定3.语序的调整例句1：沙发上坐着一个人。Amanwassittingonacouch.例句2：马可•波罗的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。ThebeautyoftheWestLakeinHangzhouwaswhatimpressedMarcoPolomostduringhistriptoChina.3.语序的调整状语位置的调整中文：主语→状语→谓语→宾语英语：主语→谓语→宾语→状语例句3：我们明天上午九时动身。Wearegoingtostartatninetomorrowmorning.3.语序的调整例句4：这本书是三天前买的。Thebookwasboughtthreedaysago.例句5：他每晚都要看电视。HewatchesTVeveryevening.例句6：在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。3.语序的调整Inamachineagreatdealofenergyislostduetothefrictionbetweenitsparts.例句7：他们很细心地观察化学变化。Theyobservedthechemicalreactionwithgreatcare.例句8：他们肩并肩地以疯狂速度向那座石塔奔去。3.语序的调整Theyransidebysideatafantasticspeedtowardsthestonepagoda.Sidebysideandatafantasticspeedtheyrantowardsthestonepagoda.Sidebysidetheyranatafantasticspeedtowardsthestonepagoda.Sidebysidetheyrantowardsthestonepagodaatafantasticspeed.3.语序的调整一系列表示时间，地点，方式状语的位置的调整中文：时间→地点→方式→动词英