2020版英语新优化浙江大一轮习题：必修3 考点强化练11 含答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精考点强化练11（必修3Unit1)考点强化练第21页

Ⅰ。阅读理解（2018·浙江)Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27，1908。Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth。ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel，eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds。Theroadnovel,theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever—endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory。In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage。"Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster。InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990。Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength。“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。美国的汽车制造业对美国文化影响持久，然而其发展也带来了一系列的问题:能源消耗、气候变暖、人口增长等等。然而,绿色经济、绿色科技可成为解决这一系列问题的新的突破口。1。Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2？A。ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycar。B。ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem。答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger。”可知，作者提到hamburger是为了指出,汽车塑造了美国文化中最持久的方面，故选B项。2.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto？A.Declineofeconomy。B。Environmentalproblems。C。Ashortageofoilsupply. D。Afarm—basedsociety。答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster。”可知,汽车的使用，导致了一个全球生态灾难,也就是B项提到的环境问题，故选B项。3.WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous。B.Doubtful。C。Hopeful。 D.Tolerant。答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest。”可知，他害怕最坏的情况,但却抱着最好的希望。由此推断,Friedman对美国的未来仍然是充满希望的。故选C项.Ⅱ。完形填空（2018·浙江温州适应性测试)IworkforMrs。Riley，aneighty—year-oldneighbor.I1groceriesforheratthesupermarketandsometimesIdustand2herapartment.Thebestpart，3，istakingcareofSam，hercanary（金丝雀).Hesingsallthetimeandisalwayscheerful。I'mgoingtobuy4.ButIdon'thaveenoughmoneyyet.5，soon.

LastThursdayIranupstairstoMrs。Riley’s.Shewasinbed.“Youcan't6formeanymore，girl。"Mrs.Rileysaid，“Ican’t7topayyou。”Ifelt8tomystomach。HowwouldIfindanotherjob?Atdinner,Icouldn’teat.Momsaid，“Ifeel9forher,Carla.She'ssoaloneupthere。"Leaningover，Momgavemeahugandsaid，“I’mgladwe10eachother。”ThatnightIcouldn’t11.IkeptthinkingaboutMrs。Riley.Howwouldshegetthingsfromthestore12me？

ThenextdayIranupstairs.Mrs。Rileywas13inbed。WhenIaskedwhatshewantedthatday,Mrs.Riley14meforaminuteandthentoldme。WhenIgotback，Mrs。Rileywatchedme15.Afterawhile,shespoke,“16Ican’tpayyou，I’llgiveyouSam."Mybreathcaughtinmythroat。Icouldn’t17it。ButifItookSam，Mrs。Rileywouldbeallalone。ThenIsighed,“Ican’ttakeSam.He18you。Andyoudon'thavetopayme.”Shereachedoutandpattedmyarm。“You'reagood19,Carla。"Mrs。Rileysaid.Ifeltalumpinmythroat.Whosaysfriendshavetobeyourown20?

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在为一位八十岁的邻居老人工作,照顾她的起居生活。但因为老人已无力支付工资,所以决定不再雇用作者来照顾自己。后来作者在妈妈的启发和鼓励下，继续无偿照顾老人，并与老人成了忘年之交。1.A。buy B.deliverC.pack D。carry答案A解析根据上下文可知,作者为Mrs.Riley工作，照顾她的生活，包括去超市买(buy）日用品。deliver“递送";pack“打包”。2.A.protect B.sweepC.furnish D。share答案B解析除了去超市买东西之外,作者还要打扫（sweep）Mrs。Riley的房间。protect“保护”；furnish“布置家具”;share“分享”。3。A。instead B。thereforeC。though D.otherwise答案C解析作者的工作是帮助Mrs。Riley清洁灰尘、打扫房间等，然而(though），作者最喜欢做的还是照顾她的金丝雀。though此处作副词，意为“然而"；instead“代替”;therefore“因此”；otherwise“否则”。4。A.one B.itC。that D.this答案A解析根据上下文可知，作者也想要买一只金丝雀（one)。5.A.Hopefully B.CuriouslyC。Occasionally D。Gradually答案A解析根据上文可知,作者想要买一只金丝雀,钱不够,但有望（Hopefully）能很快实现这个愿望。curiously“好奇地";occasionally“偶尔”；gradually“逐渐地”。6.A。talk B.payC.work D。wait答案C解析根据下文中的“HowwouldIfindanotherjob？”可知，Mrs。Riley决定不再雇用作者来为她工作（work）了。7.A。bother B。expectC。offer D。afford答案D解析根据上下文，尤其是“pay”可知,Mrs。Riley不再雇用作者的原因是没有足够的钱来支付(afford)工资了.affordtodosth。意为“支付或承担得起"。bother“打扰”;expect“期望”；offer“提供”。8.A。sick B。cautiousC。nervous D.guilty答案A解析根据下文中的“HowwouldIfindanotherjob?”可知,作者突然没有了工作之后，感到很难过和担心。feelsicktoone’sstomach本意为“感到恶心反胃",此处指“感到难过和担心”。cautious“谨慎的";nervous“紧张的”;guilty“愧疚的”.9。A.sorry B。embarrassedC。ashamed D.strange答案A解析根据下文中的“She’ssoaloneupthere。"可知,作者母亲很同情Mrs。Riley。feelsorryfor意为“同情;为……感到难过”。embarrassed“尴尬的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。10.A。like B。haveC.help D.connect答案B解析当谈起Mrs。Riley的情况时,作者母亲深有感触地说道：“很高兴我们能拥有(have）彼此."11.A。think B.understandC。sleep D。speak答案C解析句意:那天晚上作者无法入睡（sleep）.12.A.for B.withC。after D.without答案D解析根据上文可知，作者睡不着,一直在担心邻居Mrs.Riley:没有(without)了自己的帮忙，她一个人怎么能从商店把东西买回家呢？13。A。still B。justC.even D。ever答案A解析根据上文中的“Shewasinbed.”可知，第二天作者去看望Mrs。Riley的时候,她还仍然(still）躺在床上。14。A.listenedto B.lookedatC。checkedon D.reachedfor答案B解析根据上下文可推知，作者第二天仍然要为Mrs。Riley去商店购买东西的行为出乎了她的意料，故她盯着作者看(lookedat)了一会儿。checkon“检查”；reachfor“伸手去取”。15。A。onpurpose B.withprideC。insilence D。forpermission答案C解析根据下文可知,Mrs.Riley默默地(insilence)看着作者是在考虑该怎样支付报酬。onpurpose“故意地”；withpride“自豪地”。16。A。Before B.UnlessC。Until D.Since答案D解析句意:既然(since)我付不起工资,我会把金丝雀Sam给你。17.A。bear B.believeC.ignore D。make答案B解析根据上文中的“Mybreathcaughtinmythroat.”可知，作者听到Mrs。Riley的决定后感到难以置信(Icouldn’tbelieveit).bear“承受,容忍";ignore“忽视”。18。A.looksafter B。belongstoC。worksfor D.dependson答案B解析根据上下文可知，Sam属于(belongsto）Mrs。Riley。lookafter“照顾”;workfor“为……工作”；dependon“依赖”。19。A.assistant B。neighborC.daughter D。friend答案D解析根据下文中的“friends”可知，Mrs。Riley把作者当成了朋友（friend）。assistant“助手".20。A.sex B。mindC.age D。family答案C解析根据上文可知,两人年龄相差较大，所以Mrs.Riley把作者当朋友后,作者很感动：谁说朋友一定要是同龄(age)的呢?Ⅲ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Today,bicyclesaresocommonthatit’shardtobelievetheyhaven’talwaysbeenaround。Butabouttwohundredyearsago，bicyclesdidn'tevenexist,andthefirstbicycle,inventedinGermanyin1818wasnothinglikeourbicyclestoday.Becauseitwasmadeofwood，itwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals.Sincethen，however，numerousimprovementshavemadeitoneofthemostpopularmeansoftransportationaroundtheworld.In1839，KirkpatrickMacmillan，aScottishblacksmith，inventedamuchbetterbicycle.Macmillan’smachinehadiron—coveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown。Healsousedfoot—operatedlevers,similartopedals，sohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpace。Itdidn'tlookmuchlikethemodernbicycle,though,becauseitsbackwheelwaslargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasily,theywereneverproducedinlargenumbers。In1861,FrenchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism。Tenyearslater,JamesStarley,anEnglishinventor,revolutionizedbicycledesign。Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel，putagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficient,andlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes。Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtoride,itwasstillclumsy,extremelytop-heavy,andriddenmostlyforentertainment。Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescene。InventedbyanotherEnglishman，H。J。Lawson,thesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequal—sizedwheels，whichm