2016xdf考研英语完型强化09月11日完形

2014 2009年，荣获“ 2013年，获校 功勋教师”称2014 2014

担任2007 担任2008 担任2009 担任2011 担任2012 担任2013 144分到7分的技巧四、完形填空考取7分以上的技巧五、完形填空解题步骤

第三讲完形填空常考词汇 （一）和英语（二）2 3没有去掉要填的词之前对大多数考生来说阅读起来几乎没有 。以下是2000年~2014年的英语（一）完形填空测试题的体裁和题材。年份体裁2000说明文农民的生产与生活(gapbetweenafarmer’sconsumptionandhisproduction)

2001说明文国外 2002说明性议 2003议 帮助青少年适应变化(adjusttothe2004议 (juveniledelinquency)2005说明文人的嗅觉(humans’smellers)2006议 流离失所者(thehomelessof2007说明文殖民地国家的独立与制问题(thecoloniesbecameindependentnationsandslaverywasabolished)2008议某些人比其他人(somepeoplemaybemoreinligentthanothers)2009议聪明的代价(thepriceofclever)2010议效应(Hawthorneeffect)2011议笑对身心的影响（laughingprobablyhasinfluenceonphysicalfitness）

2012议 ethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourt2013议 性（peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformation）2014议 问题（howtodealwiththelossofmentalfocus）4类或类，如：电视、、、社会生活、强，避免让一些人凭答题。文章体裁以说明文

2000年完形填空的第一句话是：Ifawishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhis2002年完形填空的第一句话是：Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentof inthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.

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ABC2010555没有连续3个答案都一样（除2013年完形二）的情况，连续2个答案都一样的情况在0个到3注意：①这个原则基本适合以前的完形试题，

Duringthe1980s,unemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdid enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot .Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedeveloped 7 ,problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery .Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocesses,andhighly workersareneeded andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained, nationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thus,the ofimporting

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［A］if ［B］now［C］so ［D］even［A］ ［B］ nel［D］［A］consent［B］［C］admission［D］

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［A］Onthe ［B］Onthe［C］Onthewhole［D］Ontheother［A］ ［B］ nning［D］［A］capabilities［B］［C］proficiency［D］ Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories21ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior22theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeeds

orthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehavior withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietythatchildrencommitcrimesin24totheirfailuretoriseabovetheir asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies, thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermay lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremay juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomy tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment

gainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmay leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso theseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworking ,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome commoninthetraditionalfamily36 Thislackofparentalsupervisionistobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrime

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2008Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemorein ligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuch

controversywhenitwasfirst5he,however,mighttrembleatthe ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismorein ligentthantheothers,butex instheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope,Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQ912-15pointsabovethe 10valueof100,andhavecontributed11tothe lectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists, Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts, 14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformer

hasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16 education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17 ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhatthe ligenceanddiseasesareintima Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19 themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20 stateofaffairs.[A]selected[B][C]obliged[D]

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[B][D][B][D][B][D][B][D]In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsata ephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthorne ntnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowshop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect,"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeing

experimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomeninthe nt.Accordingto oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedata11toeconometric ysis.TheHawthorneexperimentshadanothersurpriseinstore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinItturnsoutthatthepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationsofwhathappened. 15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.

WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondays.Workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20 teauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A]affected[D]6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]2.[A]at[B][C]7.[A]asfar[B]forfear[A] [B]sight[C][D][A]controversial[B]

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Researchonanimalin ligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedbyCarlZimmerintheScienceTimes.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisa(n)4innotbeingtoobright. ligence,it5,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—a(n)7process—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9in ligence?That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.

Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownin ligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.Researchonanimalin ligencealsomakesuswonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforloations.Theywouldtrytodecidewhat ligenceinhumansisreally17notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya(n)19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.

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Haveyoufinishedtheworkalready?Youareveryspeedybecause和becauseofbecause是连词，后面跟句子，becauseof是介词， because的同义词是inthat，这是英语（一）

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forexample意思是“例如”，放句中时前后加逗However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbewiseto nactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-bookreviews,dis yingstudentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.

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ifonly=Iwish 与将来情况相反，从句用would/could+动词 。因此，ifonly所接的时态只能是过去时，而题目当中的时态往往是一般现在时，不是过去时，所以不能选。astowithregardto:Wearepuzzledastohowitaccordingto:Candidateswerechosenasto

2006ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.1,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocal ernmentscan'tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,theernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.

5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary, ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalernment'sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhaseincreasinglydifficult.whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayanda cetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholor

Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,"Therehastobe20ofprograms.What'sneededisapackagedeal.”

[A][C][A][C][A]

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[B][D]逻辑关系词是表示各种逻辑意义的连句，标志着

a.b.c. 递进indeed(2006,1);even(2006,11;aboveall转折however(2007,9;2008,14;though(2005,5);infact(2011,6);

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目的

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同位similarly 总结sofar(条件when(2012,2；2014，1);if(2013,7；2014，

ThehumannoseisanunderratedtoolHumansarethoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,(1) islargelybecause,(2) animals,westandupright,THISMEANSTHATOURNOSESARE(3)toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,(4) themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,(5) ,Weareextremelysensitivetosmells,(6) wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof(7)humansmellswhentheseare(8) tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,(9) aresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.

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例：Thereisnoonebuterrs.=Thereisnothatdoesn’t

助动词（may/might,will/would,can/could,Youngasheis,heisknowledgeable.（形容词）MuchasIrespecthim,Icannotagreewith

Childasheis,heisknowledgeable.（名词不Oldestinourworkshopasheis,heworks Lazyaboyasheis,heiskindtohelpothers.（注意词序：Lazyaboy）尽管他是个懒惰 Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.（分词）Tryasyouwill,youwon’tmanageit.（FailasIdid,Iwouldneverstoptrying.（词 提前）尽管我失败了，我也不会停止努力。此外，as也引导原因状语从句，也可如上倒置。

Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance43 theunpredictableeffectsofbadweather…

“Benefits”havebeen “harmful”es.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.（2002年）（2000年43.A. B.againstC.ofD.

40.A.C.

B.D.

weightsth.againststhAlltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact, adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.（2004年）40.A.providedB. C.D.

Thisdoesnotmean