基础英语考研天津外国语大学《701基础英语+汉语》考研真题

基础英语考研天津外国语大学《701基础英语＋汉语》考研真题一、天津外国语大学701(基础英语+汉语)YZ真题及详解I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points).TheNewHistoricistsinAmericaandtheirinBritain,the“CulturalMaterialists”,haveproducedasubstantialbodyofworkonRenaissanceliteratureandsociety.counterpartsdichotomiesallegiancesantagonists【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：美国新历史主义者和英国文化唯物论者在文艺复兴时期的文学和社会方面，著述颇丰。counterpart双方相应的、有相同功能的人或物。dichotomy二分法，分裂。allegiance忠贞，效忠。antagonist敌手，对手。.For,itwasapainfultime:Theyhadtoquitusingdrugsbecausetheycouldnotgetany.Itwasnoteasytomakethemseetheharmofdrugabuse.drugtraffickersaddictsdependentsmoneylaunderers【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：对瘾君子来说，因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒是很痛苦的：addict上瘾的人。trafficker干非法勾当者。dependent依赖别人、尤指经济援助的人。moneylaunderer非法洗钱者。.PeoplewereconfusedwhenHowardDean,theoftheDonkeytriedtosellhisplanwhichsoundedsomuchRepublican.pastorpublicservantliaisonarchbishop【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：民主党官员霍华德・迪恩宣扬的计划带有浓厚的共和党色彩，人们因此感到困惑。Donkey在美国象征民主党。publicservant公务员。pastor牧师。liaison联络，私通。archbishop大主教，主教长。.Whentheresortcouldnotgettheliftworkingagain,skipatrollersrescuedthestrandedpassengersbytraversingthecableusingrescueequipmentinaonewitnesslikenedtosomethingoutofaJamesBondmovie.A.sceneB.feathonephantom【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：滑雪巡逻队借助营救设施穿越缆绳，营救陷入困境的乘客。营救场面可以和007电影中的场面相比。scene场面，情景。feat技艺，功绩。hone磨刀石，油石。phantom幻影，幽灵。JamesBond，007系列电影中的主角。.KoizumichosetoSino-Japaneserelationssoastocreatedomesticconditionsforthediplomacyoverhaul.aggregatepleaseacerbatealleviate【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：日本首相小泉决定缓和中日关系，为外交改革创造国内环境。alleviate减轻，缓和。aggregate聚集，集合。please使喜欢，取悦。exacerbate恶化，激怒，使加剧，使烦恼。.Thereisnoevidencethatproperlycookedpoultryoreggscanbeasourceofinfectionpoisonoustolifelocatedasharmfuldeterminedcontagious【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意:没有证据证明煮熟的家禽或禽蛋会是传染源。asourceofinfection传染源。病毒才关乎有害或传染，家禽或禽蛋只关乎传染源。因此，B、C、D三项放在这里句意不对。.Seven-eightyearsoldWilsonlosthislifewhenapproachingawhirlpoolformedbythefloodingofwaterandsewageinHavana,Cuba,afterthedevastatingofHurricaneWilma.passageroundrouteassault【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：飓风维尔玛横扫古巴哈瓦那后，78岁的老威尔逊在靠近一个洪水和污水形成的漩涡时丧命。assault攻击，袭击。passage通道。round巡回，轮唱。route路线。8.Voicesofthemedia,especiallyofthemainstreammedia,haverepresentedthecommonperspectiveofsociety’selite,butfewanalyseshavegonedeepintotheproblemandtherepeatedstressesonself-examinationturnout.tobestereotypestobeawailtobenonsensetobecliches【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：媒体尤其是主流媒体的声音，代表的是社会精英阶层的普遍观点。但很少有人深入分析这个问题，对自我反省的反复强调变成了一种陈词滥调。cliche陈腐的词语或主意。stereotype形象、人物、思想等模式化，无个性。wail悲叹，哀号。nonsense胡说，废话。9.TheyhavelongmaintainedthatanysolutiontothecurrentproblemsintheMiddleEastshouldbebasedonthedemandsandaspirationoflocalpeopleanditisunreasonabletoanyprogramunacceptabletoregionalcountries.advertreverseimposeveto【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他们长期主张基于当地人的要求和愿望解决中东当前问题。企图将该地区国家不能接受的行为强加给它们，是不理智的。impose强迫（某人）接受，强加。advert注意，留意。reverse颠倒，倒转。veto否决，禁止。10.Aspartoftheextensiverevampinginpreparationforthe2008summerOlympics,atotalofsixWorldCulturalHeritagesiteswillgeta,torestoretheirancientluster.plasticsurgeryfaceliftreshapingfacilitation【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：作为为2008年奥运会而进行大翻修的一部分，六处世界文化遗址将进行整修，以重新焕发古老魅力。facelift翻新，整修。plasticsurgery整形手术，尤指通过组织移植的外科学对身体重塑或修补。reshape改造，再成形。facilitation简易化，助长。.Thenationalismisnationalismwithoutbrakes:inthenameoflovingthecountry,itsdemandsareunrestrained,devoidofanykindofuniversalisticconsiderations.invidioussheertrivialimpeding【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：招人怨尤的民族主义没有任何顾忌：它打着爱国旗号，无限制地提出要求，不考虑任何普遍观点。invidious易招怨恨的，引起不满的。sheer全然，纯粹。trivial微不足道的。impeding妨碍的，阻止的。.Languageanxietyisoccurringwhenalearnerisexpectedtoperforminthesecondorforeignprehensionapprehensiontranquilitynonchalance【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：语言焦虑是指学习者用第二语言表现自己时的忧虑。apprehension担心，忧虑。comprehension理解，包含。tranquility宁静。nonchalance冷漠，不关心。.HisinterestinactivitiestookhimtoislandsintheBahamasandtoicymountainstreams.physicalintellectualdexterouspiscatorial【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：对捕鱼的着迷促使他前去巴哈马群岛和冰山河流。piscatorial捕鱼的，渔民的。physical身体的，物理的。intellectual智力的。dexterous灵巧的，惯用右手的。.Liu'santicseventuallybroughttothatastonishedthewholenation.arumor,allegiancethemurder,affirmationafraudcase,lightthestage,wonderland【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意刘的荒唐行径最终使一项震惊全国的诈骗案被告破。bringtolight揭示，揭露。.AredtideofalgaewasfoundforthefirsttimeinBohai,China'inlandsea,onJune11.Ithasprovedtobethemostseriousyetdiscoveredinthecountry.devouring,contaminationtoxic,occurrencemalicious,redtiderelinquish,catastrophe【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：6月11日，中国内海渤海第一次发现带有有毒藻类的赤潮。这是目前国内发现的最严重的赤潮现象。toxic有毒的，中毒的。occurrence发生，事件。devour吞没，毁灭，狼吞虎咽。contamination污染物。malicious恶毒的。relinquish放弃。catastrophe大灾难。.Russia’senvironmentalwatchdogsaidthecouldreachthefirstRussianinthenexttwotothreedays,whiletheEmergenciesMinistrysaiditcouldstartaffectingthemajorcityofKhabarovskbyDecember10-12.earthquake,villageflood,victimsmud-slide,frontiersspill,settlements【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：俄罗斯环境监管部门称，水流在未来两三天内能到达俄罗斯境内的居民点。俄罗斯紧急情况部则称，在12月10至12日前，水流将开始影响俄罗斯主要城市哈巴罗夫斯克。spill溢出，溅出，水流。settlement定居点。.Beijinghastriedtoonunsafeconditionsnationwide,butauthoritiessaylocalofficialsleavemanyminesopeninordertoraiseprofit.crackdown,questionableharness,smallclose,dangerousissuepolicies,private【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：中央在全国范围内严厉取缔不符合安全条件的煤矿，但领导称，地方官员为了盈利，留下了很多问题煤矿。crackdownonsth.严厉取缔……。questionable有问题的，靠不住的。.InChina,teaisdrunknotonlyasatokeepcoldsandcoughsawayinwinter,butalsoasaprovidingforthebodyindry,hotweather.medicine,tenderizer,lubricationremedy,tonic,energyantibiotic,brewer,lubricationway,soother,energy【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：茶不仅可以作为在冬天用来抵御感冒咳嗽的药物，还可以作为在燥热天气为身体提供能量的一种滋补品。remedy药物，治疗。tonic滋补品。tenderizer使肉软嫩之物质。lubrication润滑油。antibiotic抗生素。brewer泡制用具。.Anationalcampaignhasbeenrecentlytoraisethemoralstandardsoftheyoungergeneration,butwehavefailedtotoimprovingtheirparents’manners.spotted,placenecessaryemphasislaunched,attachequalimportancewitnessed,valuethesignificancediscovered,lookintotheissue【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：为提高下一代的道德水平，最近发起一项全国运动。但我们未能同等重视父辈品德的提高。固定搭配launchacampaign，发起运动。attachimportanceto重视。.Accordingtoindustryanalysts,thestipulationwhichrequiresthatalllandusedforconstructionmustbeauctionedwillbothillegallandexchangeandthosedevelopersnotcutoutfortherealityofrealestate.deter,weedout,cut-throatpunish,warn,severewipeout,hinder,prominentstunt,impede,exorbitant【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：根据行业分析专家的分析，所有建筑用地都必须进行拍卖这一规定，将会防止非法土地交易，并将那些没有相当素质的开发商从过热的房地产开发中淘汰掉。deter(使)决定不做某事。weedout淘汰，剔除。cut-throat危险的，残酷的。II.Readcarefullythefollowingpassage(whichforyourconveniencehasbeendividedintothreesections)andthenanswerthequestions.(20points)Therearethreefactorsofawe-inspiringmagnitudefacingthosewhoseekadventureamongthehighestpeaks.Theyarethismatterofverticalscale,theclimaticconditionsandtheclimbingdifficulties.Letuslookataltitudefirst.TherarefiedairsurroundingtheupperpartofEverestobviouslymakesmovement,evenovereasyground,muchmoredifficult.Lackofoxygenalsoslowsdownandblursthemenialprocesses.Beyondacertainpointlifeitselfisnolongerpossible.Ontheotherhand,itisnowsufficientlyestablishedthattheill-effectsofaltitudeontheclimbermayatleastberetardedbyacarefulregimenofwhatwecallacclimatization,agradualgettingusedtoincreasingheightoveracertainperiodoftime.Individualperformancesonamountainnaturallyvary,butitmaybesaidthatthoseamonguswhoarebestadaptedtoclimbhighmountains,providedtheyfollowthispolicyofgradualness,canreachanaltitudeofatleast21000feetandremaintherewithoutseriousdetriment—atanyratelongenoughtomakeasupremefinalefforttoreachahigherpoint,provideditisnottoofarabove.Troublebeginsabovethatheight,whichisonemainreasonwhythereallyhighpeaks-thoseof26000feetandover-areinadifferentcategoryofdifficultyfromanylesserones.Thepolicyofgradualnessbreaksdown,forthemuscletissuesbegintodeterioratefairlyrapidlyandtheclimber’sresistancetocold,hisfortitudeinthefaceofwindandweather,areweakened.Hetendstolosethepromptingsofappetiteandthirstandheisdeniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep.Infact,fromabout21000feeton-wards,hereallyneedsgreatlytospeeduptherateofhisprogressandemploy‘rush’tactics.Butthishecannotdo.Onthecontrary,heisincreasinglyhandicappedbytheheightasheclimbsandhisprogressbecomespainfullyslow;thementaleffort,likethephysical,isinfinitelygreater.Ifthisistrueofeasyground,itisthemoresowhendifficultiesarise,evenminoroneswhichwouldnotdeteramoderateperformeratalowerheight.Aslightchangeofgradientmaybeastrawwhichwillbreakthecamel'sback.ConsideringthatEverestisover29000feetandthatsome8000feethavetobeclimbedabovethisestablishedlevelofsuccessfulacclimatization,oneaspectofourproblembecomesclear.Itwouldbeverydesirable,inordertominimizethefactorofphysicaldeterioration,toclimbthose8000feetinaday,oratmosttwo;butthisisclearlyquiteoutofthequestion.Forsoslowlydoestheclimbermovebyhisownunaidedefforts,thatfourorfivedayswouldberequiredtogetup,quiteapartfromthesubsequentdescent,andbyaboutthefourthdayatthelatest,hewouldalreadybesoweakenedmentallyaswellasphysically,thathewouldbeunlikelytohavethestrengthorthedeterminationforthelastlap——justwhenheneedsitmost.Thisiswhathadhappenedbeforeataboutthe28000-footlevel.Buttheproblemismuchmorecomplexthanthis.Thesedaysabove21000feetinvolvetheestablishmentofanumberofhighcamps,andtheseinturnrepresenttents,sleeping-bags,mattresses,food,cookingequipmentandfuel,aswellasclimbinggear.Allthismustbecarriedup,andbecauseoftheneedtoprovideevenamodicumofcomfortand一moreimportant—protectionagainstthecold,someofthisbaggageisinevitablyfairlyheavy.Theloadswouldbefarbeyondthecapacityofthosedestinedtoclimbtothetop,whoshouldbesparedasmuchaspossibleforthismission;theloadsmustbecarriedupbyothersinasupportingrole.Moreover,inordertokeepthesizeandstocksofthesehighcampstoaminimum,thebaggagepartiesmustbestaggeredintime;theloadsmustbeshiftedupwardsoveraperiodofdays.Thisperiodinturnislikelytobeprotractedbecausetheamountanymancancarryathighaltitudeissosmall.Andinthefinalstagesparticularly,thesavingoftimeisvital,notonlybecauseofphysicaldeteriorationbutalsobecauseofanotherfactor,themostimportantofall—weather.Onallbutthesmallestmountains,orthoseonwhichnoseriousdifficultiesaremet,theweatherobviouslyplaysabigpartinmountaineeringplans.Itimposesaserioushandicapontheclimber’sabilitytonegotiatedifficultground;itslowshisprogressandexposeshimtocoldandwind.Hemaylosehiswayandstrayontoevenmoredifficultterritory,andhemaybecomebenighted.TheperiodswhenweatherconditionsmaybefairenoughtopermitaseriousattemptonthesummitofEverestarenotonlybriefandfewinanyoneyear;theyappeartoberareasassessedoveranumberofyears.Throughoutthewinter,fromNovembertoMarch,afiercegaleblowsfairlyconstantlyfromthenorth-west.Itisstrong—windspeedsofatleastseventytoeightyknotsareprobable—anditisdesperatelycold.Itscoursthenorthernflanksoftherangeanddepositssnowonthesouthernfaces;andsnowthusoverlaidontheexistinglayerisusuallyunstableanddangerous,foritisapttopeeloffinavalanches.Intheearlysummeracounteringelementcomesupfromthesoutheastintheformofthemonsoon.Thiswarm,dampwindfromtheBayofBengaldepositsheavysnowonthehigherflanksofthemountainbarrier;itisparticularlyintenseinthesoutheastpartoftheHimalaya,onwhichitunleashesitsforceboonafterreachingtheheadoftheBay,anditisinthisareathatEverestissituated.MonsoonconditionsnormallycontinuetoprevailinthisregionuntiltowardstheendofSeptember.Someclimbingmaybedoneduringthisperiod,butthedifficultyofclimbingallhighpeaks,particularlyinthesoutheastHimalaya,isgreatlyincreasedbythehandicapsanddangersofthedeepnewsnow.ThechancetogetupEverestisprobablylimitedtothegap,orlull,betweenthedepartureoftheoneFuryandtheonsetoftheother;theselullsmayoccurinMayandearlyOctober,thatis,justbeforethemonsoonsetsin,andwhenitdiesaway.Thesetwofactors,thealtitudeandtheweather,tendseparatelyandtogethertodefeattheclimber.Theheightweakens,slowshimdown;itforceshimtospenddaysandnightsinthecourseofhisassaultonthesummit;theweather,besidesaddingtothedemandsonhisenergyandmoralfortitude,conspirestodenyhimthetimeheneedstocompletehismission.Whereasinlowermountainsandoneasygroundtheweathermaybenomorethanahandicap,inthehighHimalayaitisdecisive,regardlessofterrain.Thedeductiontobedrawnfromthesetwofactorswasclearenough.Wemusteithersofortifyourselvesthatwecouldcontinue,withoutdetriment,toliveandhaveourbeingabovethelimitofnaturalacclimatization,or,betterstill,wemustsolvetheproblemofspeed.Itwasdesirable,infact,thatweshouldmeetboththeserequirementsandthusgivetothosechosentoattemptthesummitandtotheirsupportssomemeasureofinsuranceagainstthevagariesoftheweather,forsafetyinmountainclimbingisasmuchamatterofswiftnessasofsurenessoffoot.Eitherorbothcouldbeachievedonlybytheadministrationofoxygeninsufficientquantitiestomakeupforthedeficiencyintheair,andforthedurationoftheupwardjourneyabovethelimitofsuccessfulacclimatization.Afterreadingeachofthefollowingquestions,choosetheonecorrectanswer,andindicateitbywritingdowntheletterthatstandsforit.Inallquestionsonlyoneansweriscorrect.Thisisstressedinsomequestions,butrememberthattheruleappliestoallofthem.FromSectionA.Mostreaderswillbesurprisedtoreadthat.‘easyground’existsatallontheupperpartofEverestlackofoxygen'slowsdown'thinking’beyondacertainpointlifeitselfisnolongerpossible’’individualperformancesonthemountain...vary''troublebegins'above21000feet.‘Retarded’means.preventedsloweddownreducedheldbackhalted.Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphisto.rouseinterestinthereadersummarizethemainpointsofthefollowingparagraphsaskquestionsthatlaterparagraphswillanswerstresstheonemostimportantdifficultyinclimbingEverestpraisetheachievementofthosewhoclimbedEverest.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthattherarefiedair.makesclimbingatthisheightverydifficulthandicapsclimbers,thoughtheycanbegraduallyaccustomedtoheightsupto21000feetaffectsclimbers’mindsaswellastheirbodieshasverydifferenteffectsondifferentpeoplepreventsseverephysicaleffortbymountaineers.Youmaynotknowtheword‘regimen’,butyoushouldbeabletodeducethatitgrammeofexercisesapproachtotheproblemprescribedwayoflifecontroloverone'shabitsplanningof