2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究第十章　介词课件

模块一

语法专题探究第十章介词01课表语法导图02考点精讲精练03语法分层演练▶语境导入①OnaSaturdaymorning②inNovember,myparentslefthometomeetmyuncle③attheairport.Theywentthere④________car.Mymotherthoughtitwasnotsafe⑤________metostayhomealone,soshelockedthedoorandaskedmenottoopenituntiltheycameback.byforHowever,itwasn'tlongbeforesomeoneknocked⑥__________thedoor.Ilooked⑦throughthepeephole(窥孔)andsawastranger.IwasafraidbutItoldmyselftobebrave.Twohourslater,myparentscameback.Afterseeingmyparents,thestrangersaid,“Ihavebeenwaitingoutsidethedoor⑧__________twohours.”Oh,thestrangerwasmyuncle.Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuch?at/onforStep1根据上下文填入适当的介词Step2中考对于介词的考查主要集中在以下几类(1)表示时间的介词(①②⑧)

(2)表示地点与位置的介词(③)(3)表示方式、手段或工具的介词(④⑦)(4)其他常见介词(⑤)(5)介词的固定搭配(⑥)▶考点精析1表示时间的介词1．at,on和in的区别at多用于时间点at9o'clock;atnoonon(1)表示具体某天；(2)用于具体某天的早、中、晚以及其前有形容词修饰时onMay1st;onacoldnightin多用于时间段。后接上午、下午、晚上以及月、年、季节、世纪等较长的一段时间in1989;intheeighteenthcentury;inspring;inhistwenties;inthemorning2.before,after和in的区别before表示“在……以前”，其后常接时间点beforefiveo'clock;beforeFridayafter表示“在……以后”，其后接时间点时，可和一般过去时或一般将来时连用；其后接时间段时，常和一般过去时连用①ShewillcomeafterSunday.②Shecamebackafteraweek.in表示“在……以后”，其后接时间段，常和一般将来时连用Shewillbebackintwoweeks/months/years.3.since,for和from的区别：since&forsince表示“自从……以来”，后接过去的时间点；for表示“持续一段时间”，后接时间段。两者常与完成时连用IhavebeeninChinasincelastyear(时间点).＝IhavebeeninChinaforoneyear(时间段).from常用结构from…to…，表示“从……到……”，不能用于现在完成时IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.since后可接过去时的句子，此时since是连词。如：Hehasstayedinthisschoolsincehecamehere.4．其他表示时间的介词during“在……期间”，表示在一段时间内或某一项活动中duringthewinterholidayby“不迟于”，表示动作的完成YoumusthandinyourreportbyFriday.until/till直到……为止not…until/till直到……才①Thestreetisfulloftrafficfrommorningtillnight.②Wedidn'tleaveuntiltheveryend.考点1分层专练►先练基础——单句训练1．(2022镇江改编)ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividesayearinto24solarterms.Xiaoman(alittlefull)usuallyfalls__________May.2.易错点(2022恩施州改编)Mariawentskatingwithherfriendsinthepark__________asunnymorning.inon3．(2022怀化改编)Mingmingwillhaveaclassmeeting__________3：30thisafternoon.4．(2022宿迁改编)__________spring,thedaysareoftenwindyandbright.It'saperfecttimetoflyakite.5．(2022潜江改编)—I'mgoingtoDisneyland______twoweeks.—Wow,thatsoundslikefun!6．Anniewasbornafewweeks__________Christmas,onthefirstdayofDecember.atIninbefore►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)Chinakeepsinnovating(革新)inscienceandtechnology.__7__April16,2022,Chinawelcomedthreeheroicastronautshome.AfterflyingaroundEarth__8__sixmonths,theycamebackhomesafely.__9__thestayinspace,theygavelivelysciencelessonsfromtheTiangongspacestation.Thatmademillionsofchildrenfallinlovewithspacescience.(

)7.A.In

B．On

C．At(

)8.A.since

B．until

C．for(

)9.A.During

B．After

C．BeforeBCA2表示地点与位置的介词1．in,on和to的区别如：①HaikouisinthesouthofChina.②CanadaliesonthenorthoftheUS.③ChinaistothewestofJapan.2．across,through,over和past的区别①across指从表面经过。如：Theoldmanwentacrosstheroadcarefully.②through指从中间穿过。如：Thethiefgotinthehousethroughthewindow.③over指从上方通过。如：Look!Abirdisflyingoverthetallbuilding.④past指从旁边经过。如：Hehurriedpastthemwithoutstopping.3．on,over,above,below和under的区别①on表示“接触物体表面的上方”。如：onthetable,onthefirstfloor。②over表示“不接触物体表面的正上方”。如：Theyheldalargeumbrellaoverher.③above表示“不接触物体表面的上方”，不一定是正上方。如：Aclockisabovetheblackboard.④below表示“不接触物体表面的下方”，不一定是正下方。如：Writeyournamebelowtheline.⑤under表示“不接触物体表面的正下方”。如：Abasketballisunderthedesk.(1)above还可以表示“超过，多于(数量、年龄、温度等)”。如：Temperatureshavebeenaboveaverage.气温已经高于平均温度。(2)below还可以表示“(数量)少于；(标准)低于”。如：Thetemperaturesremainedbelowfreezingallday.气温一整天都保持在冰点以下。(3)under还可以表示“少于；小于；比……年轻”。如：Nobodyunder18isallowedtobuyalcohol.未满18岁者不得买酒。4．between和among的区别between“在……中间”，一般指两者之间Thereisaplaygroundbetweenthetwobuildings.among“在……之间”，一般用于三者或三者以上Hishouseishiddenamongthetrees.5.infrontof与inthefrontof的区别infrontof指在物体外部的前面Thereisatalltreeinfrontofmyhouse.(树在屋外)inthefrontof指在物体内的前部Canyouseethedeskinthefrontoftheclassroom？(桌子在教室里面)6.by,beside和near的区别by“在……旁边”，比near更近ahousebytheriverbeside“在旁边(或附近)”，相当于nexttoHesatbesideher.near“在……附近；靠近”，可表示时间、空间等Doyoulivenearhere？7.其他表示方位的介词behind在……后面LilyisstandingbehindJane.along沿着Walkalongthestreet.against倚；紧靠；碰；撞Therainbeatagainstthewindows.opposite/acrossfrom在……对面Thebankisoppositethesupermarket.around围绕；环绕Heputhisarmsaroundher.(1)区别inthewall与onthewallinthewall指在墙里面，onthewall指在墙面上。如：Thereisawindowinthewall

andabeautifulpictureishungonthewall．墙上有扇窗户，并且墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。(窗户在墙里面，画在墙的表面)(2)区别inthetree与onthetreeinthetree指在树上的外来物，onthetree指树本身长出的果实等。如：Tomputhisbagintheappletree

andthenhepickedtheapplesonthetree．汤姆把书包挂在了苹果树上，然后摘了树上的苹果。(书包是外来物，而苹果是树本身长出来的)考点2分层专练►先练基础——单句训练1．(2022绥化改编)—Amodelplaneis__________thetree.Let'sgetitdown.—Look!Theapples__________thetreearereallyred.2．Sheheldherbreathforthreeminutes__________thewater.3．Thechildrenaredancing__________her,andsheissittinginthemiddle.inonin/underaround(

)4.(2022盘锦)Vincentsometimessits________theriverandlistenstomusic.A．on

B．by

C．over

D．under(

)5.(2022连云港)Thetrafficlightisgreen.Let'sgo________theroad.A．against

B．among

C．across

D．aboveBC►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)Iusedtobetheshyestpersonintheworld.Ihid__6__myeldersisterwheneverIhadtospeaktoastranger.WhenIwasaskedtospeakinclass,Icouldhardlybreathe.Even__7__afewfriendsItalkedalittle.(

)6.A.over

B．under

C．behind(

)7.A.among

B．after

C．betweenCAThenintheseventhgrade,Iattendedavoicelesson.Afewmonthslater,Iwasaskedtosing__8__anoldpeople'shome.Tomysurprise,Isucceeded.Today,Icanstand__9__thewholeclassandgiveabigspeech.Iamproudofmyself.(

)8.A.on

B．in

C．from(

)9.A.above

B．inthefrontof

C．infrontofBC3表示方式、手段或工具的介词1．in,with,by和on表示“用”的区别in后接表示语言、颜色、材料等的名词，且in和后面的名词之间一般没有其他词inEnglish;inink(用墨水);colortheclothinred(把布染红)with后接表示具体的手段与工具等的名词，且with与后面的名词之间一般有其他词或用名词复数Hehitmywindowwithastone.(with和stone中间有冠词a)by表示用某种方式或手段，接名词时其前不加冠词，接动词时用­ing形式byhand;makealivingbyfishing(打鱼谋生)on表示用网络、电器等talkonthephone;searchontheInternet2.表示交通方式的介词一般情况下用“by＋表示交通工具的单数名词”来表示“乘坐/骑……”。如果介词与表示交通工具的名词间有限定词，则介词不能用by,要用相应的in或者on。具体如下：bybus＝on/in…bus

bybike＝on…bike

byplane＝in/on…plane

bytrain＝on/in…trainbyship＝on…ship

byboat＝on…boat(船较大)/in…boat

bycar＝in…car

bysubway＝on…subway考点3分层专练►先练基础——单句训练(

)1.(2022柳州改编)—HowareyougoingtoShanghai,Harry?—________plane.A．OfB．InC．By

D．WithC(

)2.(2022云南)—Howdoyourelaxinyourfreetime?—________doingsportsandlisteningtomusic.A．AtB．OnC．InD．ByD3．(2022成都改编)Mymotheroftentellsmeit'simpolitetohitanemptybowl__________chopsticks.4．Lookatthegirl__________redoverthere.It'smysister,Nina.within4其他常见介词的用法1．of和for的常用句型It's＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.当形容词用来修饰人时用ofIt'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.It's＋adj.＋forsb.＋todosth.当形容词用来修饰事情时用forIt'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.2.against和foragainst表示“反对；与……相反；违反”

Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你赞成还是反对这个计划？for表示“赞成”3.with和withoutwith表示“和……一起；具有……”等意思Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.without表示“没有”等意思，与with相反Fishwilldiewithoutwater.4.besides,except和but的区别besides指“除……外(还)”，表示加的概念Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesmusic.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。except指“整体中除去一部分”，表示减的概念WegotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.除了星期六和星期天，我们天天要上学。but表示“除……之外”，常用于固定搭配nothingbut或nobodybutThere'snobodybutTomintheclassroom.除了汤姆，教室里没有人。5.其他介词like相似；像……一样；例如Heranlikethewind.as作为；以……身份workasanengineerabout关于；大约Thefilmisaboutfriendship.including包括……在内Sixpeoplewerekilled,includingakid.考点3分层专练►先练基础——单句训练1．(2022哈尔滨改编)Harbinisfamous__________iceandsnow.It'swellworthvisitinginwinter.2.易错点(2022黑龙江改编)Allthestudentshavegonetothesciencemuseum__________Tom.Becauseheisill.forexcept(

)3.(2022黔东南州)—Ms.Huang,whatwouldyoulike________yourafternoontea?—Justacupofcoffee________anysugarormilk.A．for;without

B．to;without

C．for;with

D．to;with(

)4.It'sverykind________youtolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.A．to

B．of

C．for

D．withAB►再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)Britain's

GotTalentisaBritishtelevisiontalentshowandcompetition.Anyone__5__somekindoftalentcangetachancetoperformontheshow.Peoplecompete__6__eachothertowinfirstprize.(

)5.A.like

B．with

C．without(

)6.A.for

B．over

C．againstBC5介词的固定搭配1．动词与介词agreewith同意 payfor为……付钱dependon取决于learnfrom向……学习 lookfor寻找dealwith处理hearfrom收到……的来信 belongto属于laughat嘲笑2．形容词与介词befullof充满

beangrywithsb.生某人的气bebusywith忙于 befamousfor以……著名beproudof以……自豪 bepleasedwith对……满意beboredof对……厌倦 beinterestedin对……感兴趣3．介词与名词onpurpose故意地

inpublic当众insurprise惊讶地bychance偶然地indanger处于危险中onearth究竟onsale廉价出售；待售onshow展览4．其他短语thanksto多亏 becauseof因为insteadof代替accordingto根据 ratherthan而不是考点5分层专练►先练基础——单句训练(

)1.(2022镇江)Ourschoolprovidessomanycolourfulafter­schoolactivitiesonFridays,buteachstudentcanonlychoose________twoactivities.A．atfirst

B．atlast

C．atleast

D．atmostD(

)2.(2022新疆)Poemsinfluencepeoplealot.________，thepoemsofBaiJuyiarestillmeaningfultoday.A．Intheend

B．Fromnowon

C．Atfirst

D．Forexample3．(2022贺州改编)__________myopinion,weshouldbeproudofourcountry.4．Hetakespride__________hischildren'sachievements.DInin►再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)Areyoulookingforsomethingfun?Wouldyouliketohelpothers5.__________yoursparetime?Thenjoinustobeavolunteer!We'reanon­profit(非营利的)organization.Wehavevolunteerjobsofallages.inYoucancare6.__________childrenwhiletheirparentsarenotin.Hospitalsneedvolunteerstovisitsickkidstocheerthemup.Animallovershelptakecare7.__________thosedogsandcatswithouthomes.Youcanreadthenewspapertotheoldorjusttalk8.__________them.“Ioftenplayedcomputergamesbefore.NowIhelpoldpeoplelearnhowtousecomputers，”avolunteersaid.Ifeveryonehelpsoutabit,we'llhaveabetterworldtolivein.forofwith/to层级一语法点针对训练一、语法选择Itwasmyfirstclassinthisnewschool,sonobodyhereknewme.Ilookedatthewords__1__thepage.Iknewhowtosaythem,butmymouthwouldn'twork.Myteacherjustaskedmetoreadthetextoutloud.Thewholeclasswaswaiting__2__mesilently.Icouldevenhearmyheartbeats.(

)1.A.in

B．at

C．on(

)2.A.up

B．for

C．downCBIjustsatthere.Secondspassed.Somestudentsstartedtolaugh.“What'swrong__3__her？”oneboysaid.“Maybeshecan'tread__4__all！”saidanotherstudent.(

)3.A.at

B．with

C．under(

)4.A.in

B．on

C．atBC“Justopenyourmouthandspeak！”Itoldmyself.Itriedtogetthewordsout.Butthefirststepisalwaysthehardest.Theteacherwaswaiting.Moreofmyclassmatesweremakingfun__5__me.Iwantedtohide__6__mydesk.Isoonfeltmytears(眼泪)runningdown…(

)5.A.of

B．over

C．on(

)6.A.through

B．under

C．aboveABIoftenfacedsituationslikethis__7__mygradeschool.Why?BecauseIhadastuttering(结巴)problem.Because__8__this,Ioftenfeltembarrassedatschool.Thankfully,Imetagreatteacher,Mrs.Brown.SheneverrushedmewhenIwastryingtotalk.ShehelpedmetorelaxwhenIwasspeaking,andwouldalwayswaitpatientlyformetofinishmysentences.(

)7.A.during

B．on

C．except(

)8.A.for

B．to

C．ofACGreatchangeshappened__9__me.WhenIenteredhighschool,Ialmoststoppedstuttering.Incollege,Ihadnotroubleatall.Asachild,IneverimaginedthatIwouldbecomeateacherjust__10__Mrs.Brown,passingloveandcareontomystudents.(

)9.A.in

B．on

C．to(

)10.A.like

B．for

C．onCA三、短文填空I'mKevin,astudentofGrade9.Most1.__________myfriendswalktoschool,butIliketoridemybikeeachday.Iwake2.__________at7：00.AfterIwashmyfaceandeatbreakfast,Ithrowtheschoolbag3.__________myback.DoIhavemybooksandhomework?Yes,Ido.ofupon/ontoItakemybike,hop(跳)ontoitandridetoschool4.__________7：30.“Seeyoulater.Mum，”Isay.IpassmyfriendswhenIrideby.“Hi,Kevin！”theycallwhenIpass.MybestfriendMarydoesnotwanttoride5.__________metogether.Shedoesnotliketowearaschoolbag.Shelikestocarryherbooks6.__________herarmswhenshewalks.Shelikestokickautumnleaves.Butshelikestolookatflowersbest.atwithinIliketogoanywhere7.__________biketofeelthefreshairinmyface.WhenIget8.__________school,Ilockmybikeinthebicyclepark.Iwalkfromthefootballfieldtotheotherside9.__________theschooltosayhitoMrBrownandwait10.__________myfriendsinourclassroom.bytooffor层级二中考题型训练语法选择(2022绥化改编)In1992,aboynamedZhiqiangwasbornwithnoarmsinasmallvillageinShandongProvince.Withhardpractice,hecoulddomanythingswithhisfeetwhenhegrewup.Helearned__1__clothes,cookmealsanddofarmwork.(

)1.A.towash

B．washing

C．washAHesaid,“IfIwanttolivelikeothers,Ihavetotrymy__2__．Everyoneofushastheabilitytolearn.NomatterhowmanydifficultiesIhave,I__3__outofmywaytofacethem.”(

)2.A.well

B．better

C．best(