初高中衔接教育句子成分宾语补足语（共42张）

宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构S十V 主谓结构S十V十P 主系表结构S十V十O 主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

可以加宾补的动词总结能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。第一类：

doing表示动作在进行；+done表示被动或状态do表示动作全过程

Ihearthemsingasong.Ihearthemsingingasong.Ihearasongsung.Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.感官动词see,notice,hear,listento,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等第二类：使役动词的用法：1.letsb./sth.dosth.无被动2.dosth.使某人做某事，sb.bemadetodomakesb./sth.done

使某人被……3.dosth.使某人做某事(无被动)havesb./sth.doing

sth.使某人一直做（动作一直进行）

done

使某人被…或表示“遭遇不幸”4.todosth.使某人做某事getsb./sth.doingsth使某人一直做（动作一直在进行）done使某人被…keep/leave+sb/sth+doing表动作在进行done表被动或状态We’vejusthadthehousedecorated.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydon’tmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.Theyhavemademethechairman.Theyhavemademeanicechair.第四类：v+sb+todosth结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如ask,want,wish(无hope),tell,order,warn,advise(无suggest),allow,permit(无agree),invite,forbid,expect,beg,force,encourage,inspire,request,causesend,teach,train,remind,require(无demand),

wouldlike,wouldprefer等等.Iwishyoutohaveagoodtrip.Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：

n./adj./adv./介词短语/v.原型/ing/v-ed/todo/tobe1.Wechosehimourmonitor.n.2.Wemustmakeourclassroomclean.adj.3.Hefoundthelighton.adv.4.Thefiremengotthefireundercontrol.介词短语5.Theteacherlethimstandout.v.原型6.Didyouhearsomeonesinging?

v-ing7.Theparentsmaketheirchildreneducated.v-ed8.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.todo9.Weallconsiderhimtobeahero.tobe一、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（名词）用作宾语补足语的名词或（补足语）从句，一般表示身份、官衔、职业、名称等，而谓语动词是表示“称谓”、“认可”之类意义的动词，如call,choose,elect,find,make,name等。例：1.Hehasn’thadanythingpublishedandhecallshimselfawriter!2.Youcancallmewhatyoulike.3.Henamedhissonwhathisfatherhadnamedhim.elect,name,appoint也可跟tobe或as引导的短语作宾语补足语，这时tobe或as可以省略。

Theyappointedhim(tobe/as)chairman.二、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（形容词）

用作宾语补足语的形容词是由动词的动作引起的状态、情况或导致的结果。这类动词包括cut,beat,drive,find,get,lay,leave,make,paint,pull,push,set,tear,wish等。例：1.Theybeattheprisonerunconscious.2.Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.3.ThecupboardisstuckandIcan’tpullitopen.4.He’sdeadandit’snousewishinghimaliveagain.三、主语+谓语+宾语+（tobe）+补足语（形容词/名词）

用“(tobe)+形容词/名词”作宾语补足语，tobe常可省去。这类动词主要包括表示意见、相信或心理状态的动词，如believe,consider,feel,know,observe,prove,see,show,think等。1.Hesaidheconsideredme(tobe)toolazytobeagoodworker.2.Hefelttheplantobeunwise.(=Hefeltthattheplanwasunwise.)3.Thetaskproved(tobe)moredifficultthanwe’dthought.4.Heshowedhimself(tobe)adishonestrascal.注意：此类句型一般可以转化为宾语从句。

四、主语+谓语+it+补足语（形容词/名词）+从句/不定式/-ing本句型是句型二、三的拓展。动词的宾语为从句、不定式、-ing形式，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。这类动词有feel,consider,believe,make,think等。例：Ifeelitnecessarytomakeacorrection.Iconsideritagreathonourtobeherewithyoutoday.Shemadeitclearthatsheobjectedtotheproposal.Doyouthinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforetheendofthismonth？五、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（带to的不定式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示劝告、命令、允许、要求、警告、希望导致、使役等意义的动词，advise,ask,order,allow,permit/force,encourage,get,persuade,prefer,require,send,tell,want,wish等。例：1.Thedoctororderedmetostayinbed.2.Thesoldiersforcedtheirprisonerstogiveuparms.3.Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind.4.Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.

六、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（不带to的不定式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch，使役动词have,let,make以及help，know。例：1.Isawhimputthekeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.2.Didyounoticemeleavethehouse？3.Iwouldhaveyouknow,sir,thatthecityhasfallentoourarmy.

七、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（-ing形式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词和使役动词，see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在着主谓关系。例：1.Helookedoutthroughthewindowandobservedmewalkingalongtheboatdeck.2.Shestoodalone,watchingthesnowfallingoutside.3.It’snothardtogethimtalking，theproblemisstoppinghim.4.Thesightofhersethisheartbeatingfaster.

注意：感觉动词如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch等后用动词不定式，表示听到或看见整个行动、整个事件的过程，而用现在分词表示听到或看见整个行动、整个事件的过程中的一部分。试比较：Shewatchedthechildrencrossing/astheycrosstheroad.她看到孩子们过街。（即看到他们正在过街，但不一定自始至终）Shewatchedthechildrencrosstheroad.她看着孩子们穿过街道。（即留意过街的整个过程）只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.catchsb.doing：抓住某人正在….mindsb.doing:介意某人做某事imaginesb.doing:想象某人做某事leavesb./sth.doing:使得/留下某人….keepsb./sth.doing:使得某人….Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealing.Heleftthelightburning.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.注意：leave/keep也可用done做宾补，表示状态或被动Heleftthehomeworkunfinished.Wekeepthedoorclosed.八、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（-ed形式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉、愿望的动词和使役动词，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,need,order,like,want,wish,observe,have,let,make等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在着动宾关系。例：1.HaveyoueverheardthatsongsunginFrench？2.Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.3.CanyoumakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish？4.Iwantit(tobe)doneasquicklyaspossible.

Ihadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.

havesth./sb.done

findsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.

getsth./sbdoneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.

seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.

makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.

watchsth./sbdone九、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（介词短语）

本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词和使役动词，如consider,hear,find,make等，介词短语表示状态或结果。例：1.Sheconsideredherselfaboveothers.2.Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutsideinthegarden.3.Shefoundeverythingingoodorder.4.Isawbothofthematworkintheshop.

解题要点：首先要知道动词后是跟todo还是ing，ed,或是原型。其次要知道他们做宾补的区别：todo做宾补常表示要去做的动作。ing做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作ed做宾补常表示被动的动作。

v.原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官v.后）此外，ing和ed做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时类似于adj.最后根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合理的最佳选项。几个特殊句式1、With的复合结构With+n.+V-ingP.P.VtodoAdj.Adv.Prep.with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.

她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fixone‘seyeson为固定短语，因此，不可将句中fixed换为fixing）

Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.

她觉得心跳很快。（beat意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）find/leave的用法与with相似2、considerregardtreatlookonhavethinkofsb/sthtobe(as)thinkofsbas/thinksbtobePractice单句改错Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith①(2016江苏宿迁市三模)Withthe2022WorldCupfinalinQatar________（take）placeonDecember18，thepublicfixedsightsontheArabnation，causingtheconcernoftheintensesummerheat.②（2016衡水模拟）Shewillchangeswiftlythechannelwhenshehearsanothersoldier_________(kill)---notwantingtoworryaboutherhusband,amilitary(武装)policeman.③

（2016衡水模拟）Clairehadluggage_______(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.④Thetwomenhadtheirlights__________(burn)allnightlong.⑤Somethinghasgonewrongwithmycomputer.I’llgetit________(repair)tomorrow.⑥It’stoonoisyoutside.I’llhavetogetthechildren_______(stop)shouting.⑦Elizabethknewthatnowomanhadeverbeenpermitted________(study)inamedicalcollege.改错：①EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewallsjoinup.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowedthem.PracticemoreExercise:Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood8.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blownTellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywoul