药理2004级临床医学七年制药理学期末考试试题卷

（2006——2007学年第二学期2004（A—二三四五六七 Choicequestions(onlyoneansweris1．Adrugwitht1/23hoursisgivenintravenously,thesteadystateofsmaconcentrationcanbeexpectedwithinA．3B．8C．10D．15E．20Whichofthefollowingistrueforadrugwhoseeliminationfromsmashowsfirst-orderthehalf-lifeofthedrugisproportionaltothedrugconcentrationintheamounteliminatedperunittimeistherateofeliminationisproportionaltothesma alaplotofdrugconcentrationversustimeisastraight3．Adrugeliminatedwithfirst-orderkinetics,theconcentrationofthedruginmais200mg/L,at10o’clockinthemorningafteradministrationofasingledose,thedrugsmaconcentrationis25mg/L,at10o’clockonseconddaymorning,itst1/2isAspirinisaweakacidwith4.5ofpKa,whatpercentageoflipid-solubleformwillbeinthestomachjuicewith2.5ofpH?Inthisgraph，drugsA，BandCareAhasagreaterpotencythanAhasagreaterefficacythanBhaslesspotencythanAhasagreaterpotencythanACB效应BhasagreaterefficacythanACB效应LogWhichofthefollowingstatementsisif10mgofdrugAproducesthesameresponseas100mgofdrugB,drugAismoreefficaciousthandrugB.thegreatertheefficacy,thegreaterthepotencyofainselectingadrug,potencyisusuallymoreimportantthanacompetitiveantagonistincreasesvariationinresponsetoadrugamongdifferentindividualsismostlikelytooccurwithadrugshowingalargetherapeuticindexAmongthefollowingdrugs,whichwillbeexcretedmostquicklyinacidicaweakaciddrugwithpKaofaweakbasedrugwithpKaofaweakbasedrugwithpKaofaweakaciddrugwithpKaofaweakbasedrugwithpKaofThemechanismoftreatingphenobarbitalpoisoningwithbicarbonatesodiumisthatalkalinizesurinefluid,preventsPhenobarbitalfromreuptake,andstimulatesexcretionofbothBandCarebothAandCareAfterrepeatedadministrationofphenobarbitalsodium,thepatientscominthedrugislessuseful,thisphenomenoniscalledB.sideTheeffectofpilocarpineoneye havenoganglionicblockingactionsattherapeuticcanbeantagonizedbyassistantagentsofAmalepatientisbroughttotheemergencydepartmentfollowingingestionofanunknownsubstance.Heisfoundtohaveanelevatedtemperature,hotandflushedskin,dilatedpupils,andtachycardia.Ofthefollowing,whichwouldmostlikelycausethesefindings?ApredictablydangeroussideeffectofmetoprololthatconstitutesacontraindicationtoitsclinicaluseinsusceptiblepatientsistheinductionofcardiacasthmaticWhichofthefollowingtherapeuticprojectswouldbeusedinthetreatmentofpatientwithseriousorganophosphateintoxication?A．atropine+norepinephrineB．atropine+neostigmineD．atropine+E．atropine+ThereleasednorepinephrineisdisposedmainlybyA．themetabolismintheliverB．enzymaticinactivationC．reuptakebytheneuronalterminal MAOandCOMTintheTheelevatedbloodpressurecausedbyepinephrinemaybereversedbyEpinephrinemaybemixedwithcertainanesthetics,suchasprocaine,inorderstimulatelocalwoundincreasethepotencyofthelocalenhancetheirin ctionwithneuralmembranesandtheirabilitytodepressnervebothcardiacexcitationandbronchialdilationbelongtoβ1bothcardiacexcitationandbronchialdilationbelongtoβ2bothcardiacexcitationandvasculardilationbelongtoβ1bothcardiacexcitationandvasculardilationbelongtoβ2bothvasculardilationandbronchialdilationbelongtoβ2WhichisNOTtheindicationofphentolamine?maleualcoronaryheartWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaspirinis gesiaisduetoinhibitionofPGitismainlyusedtorelieveheadacheandotherdullitsmainadverseeffectisGIitcaninhibititinhibitsthesynthesisofbothPGI2andinhibitingα-receptorinThemainreasonforthecombinationuseoflevodopawithcarbidopatoincreasetheabsorptionofL-toinhibitlevodopadecarboxylationinthetoinhibittoinhibitAthree-month-oldinfantisbroughttotheemergencyroomwithseizuresofthetonic-clonictype.Hismotherreportsthattheseseizureshavebeenoccurringfor50min.ThetreatmentofchoiceisvalproateWhichoneofthe gesicdrugscanbeusedforartificialAllofthefollowingareobservedinpatientstakingneurolepticagentsualorthostaticWhichofthefollowingisnottheadverseeffectofurinaryA50-year-oldmalewithatwo-yearhistoryofessentialhypertensionwellcontrolledonhydrochlorothiazideisfoundonarecentphysicalexaminationtohaveabloodpressureof160/105mmHg.Thehydrochlorothiazideissubstitutedwithanotheragent.Twoweekslater,hereturnsforfollow-upcomningofalossoftasteanddrycough.Whichofthefollowingdrugisresponsibleforthis?AllofthefollowingareusefulinthetreatmentofdigitalisoverdoseWhichoneofthefollowingisthemostseriousadversereactionofstatinsandthiseffectwouldbeincreasedifastatinistakenwithciclosporin,gemfibrozilornicotinicacid.elevatedbloodincreasingwaterandsodiumexcretionfromtheincreasingtheactivityofdecreasingtheactivityofdecreasingthesecretionofWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthecharacteristicsofACEIitcanbeusedinmild,moderateandsevereitdoesnotcausereflectivequickheartitnotonlyimprovelifequalitybutalsodecreaseitwillcausedisorderoflipiditwillnotaffectglucoseWhichofthefollowingantianginaldrugsisharmfultopatientswithvariantWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetreatmentofchronicheartfailureisPatientswithevidenceoffluidretentionshouldreceiveaTreatmentwithanACEinhibitorandaβ­Rblockershouldbeinitiatedandmaintainedunlessspecificallycontraindicated.Digoxinmaybeaddedifneededtoreducesymptomsortoslowtheventricularresponseinpatientswithrapidatrialfibrillation.Patientswithsevereheartfailureshouldalsoreceiveaβ­RA58-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofhypertensionandcongestiveheartfailureadministratingsomedrugs,nowhecominsofnausea,blurredvisionandbradycardia,intoxicationofglycosideised,thendigoxinisstopped,whichofthefollowingdrugsalsomustbestopped?Apatientwithedemaisusingstreptomycin,whichofthefollowingdiureticsisunwiselyosmoticloopThetherapeuticeffectofβ­adrenergicreceptorblockerssuchaspropranololinpectorisisbelievedtobeprimarilytheresultdilationofthecoronaryA59-year-oldfemalewithCHFistreatedwithHydrochlorothiazide.Whatisitsprimarymechanismofaction?inhibitionofNa+/K+/2Cl-inhibitionofcarbonicThedrugofchoiceforventriculararrhythmiacausedbycardiacglycosidespoisoningAllofthefollowingstatementaboutglucocorticoidsaretrueinhibitingboththeearlyandthelatemanifestationofinflaffectingalltypesof toryWhichofthefollowingcanbeusedformegaloblasticfolicfolicacidfolicacidfolicacid+VitB12folicacidWhichofthestatementsaboutthioureaisTheyinhibitthesynthesisofPropylthiouracilstimulatesT4transformtoTheycancausethyroidenlargementwhenlongtermTheycanexcretefrommilkandpassthroughcentaWhichofthefollowingfactorsinterfereswiththeabsorptionofferrousGastricFructoseinWhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantapproachinpreventingpepticulcersfromcoatingtheulcerinhibitingsecretionofgastricacidattheprotonblockingreceptoractivationofgastricacidTheantietmechanismofaspirininhibitingsynthesisofTXA2ininhibitingsynthesisofTXA2inpromotingsynthesisofPGI2inpromotingsynthesisofPGI2inpromotingsynthesisofPGE2inWhichofthefollowingtherapiesisthebestforapatientwithstatusasthmaticusA．aminophyllinep.o.E．salbutamolp.o.WhichofthefollowingsymptomsisawithdrawalsyndromeofInductionandaggravationofcentralAllofthefollowingareindicationsofglucocorticoidspepticchildhoodacuteWhichofthefollowingmechanismsbestaccountsforthehypoglycemiceffectofStimulatingβ-cellinpancreaticislanddirectly,promptingthereleaseofInhibittheactivityofIncreasethesensitivityofinsulintotargetAyoungwomanusinganoralcontraceptiveistobetreatedforpulmonarytuberculosis.Sheisadvisedtouseanadditionalmethodofcontraceptionsincetheefficacyoftheoralagentiscommonlydecreased,whichdrugmayincludeinherregimen?WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepharmacodynamicsofantifungalagentsismostaccurateamphotericinBblockstheconversionoflanosterol(羊毛固醇toflucytosineinhibitsergosterolsynthesisinfungiC.griseofulvininhibitshepaticcytochromeP450D.ketoconazolebindstoergosteroltoformartificialporesinfungalcellmembranesE.terbinafineinhibitssqualeneepoxidase(akeyenzymeinthesynthesisofergosterol)A35-year-oldfemalecominsofitchinginthe larea,examinationoftheurinerevealstrichomonads,whatisthepreferredtreatmentfortrachomoniasis?Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemechanismofactionofantibioticsismostaminoglycosidesbindtoreceptorsonthe50sribosomalsubunittopreventatta entofcephalosporinsinhibitthesynthesisofprecursorofthelinearpeptidoglycanchainofthecellwallthebactericidalactionofpenicillinispartlyduetotheiractivationofautolyticycininhibitpeptidyltransferasesinvolvedincellwallAllofthefollowingstatementsaboutpenicillinGarecorrectitisexcretedfromthebodyprimarilyviathehepatobiliaryitisorallyineffectivebecauseofitsdegradationbystomachitismoreeffectiveinkillinggrowingbacteriathanmicroorganismsinthestationaryitcanactsynergisticallywithlevelsinthebloodcanbeincreasedbyadministrationofA75-year-oldwomanishospitalizedforp oniaandtreatedwithanintravenousantibiotic.Onthethirdday,shedevelopsseverediarrhea.Stoolispositivefordifficiletoxin.WhatisthebestWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutchemotherapeuticindex(CI)istrueadrugwithgreatCIpossessesgreattoxicityandhighadrugwithgreatCIpossesseslesstoxicityandlowadrugwithgreatCIpossesseslesstoxicityandhighadrugwithlowCIpossessesgreattoxicityandhighadrugwithlowCIpossesseslesstoxicityandlowErythromycincannotbeusedforpatients A45-year-oldfemalebeingtreatedforachronicurinarytractinfectiondevelopsacutealcoholintolerance.Whichofthefollowingagentscouldhavecausedthisintolerance? osticagentthatisclassifiedasaalkalytingagentis Choicequestions(oneormoreanswersareTheagentswhichcanbeusedto aWhichofthefollowingbelongtomuscarinicactionscausedbyM-receptorheartvesselWhichofthefollowingreceptorslocate(s)ontheInahypertensivepatientwhoistakinginsulintotreatdiabetes,whichofthefollowingdrugsistobeusedwithextracautionandadvicetothepatient?Whichofthefollowingdrugis(are)nottheindicationofacongestiveheartmigrainerelaxationofbloodWhichofthefollowingis(are)themeritsofprazosinintreatmentofDonotreducetherenalbloodDonotincreasereninDonotreflexincreaseinheartratehasnofirstdosewhichofthefollowingdiseasesis(are)theindicationsofβ-receptoraWhichofthefollowingdiseasesarethecontraindictionsofsevereWhichofthefollowingdrugsis(are)usefulinthetreatmentofdiabetesmellitusaftertheexcisionofpancreas?WhichofthefollowingmegaloblasticamemiaareNOTtheindicationoffolicWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmorphineareItisusedtherapeuticallytorelievepaincausedbysevereheadItswithdrawsymptomscanberelievedbyItcausesItismosteffectiveby lItrapidlyentersallbodytissuses,includingthefetusofapregnantThedrugsthatcannotbeusedtotreatpatientwithbronchialasthmaBaspirinWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutphenytoinarehasasedativecanbeusedforpatientswithcanbeusedtotreatpatientswithcanbeusedtomanagepatientswithtrifacialneuralgiaE.cancausegingivalhypersiaMetronidazolecanbeusedinthetreatmentBacterialHelicobacterpyloriQuinolonescanNOTbeusedinpatientshaveepilepsyareingrowthanddevelopmentaretakingareareallergictoInchemotherapyofneosticdisease,cellcycle-specificagentswhichcankilltumorcellsinSphaseis(are)WhichofthefollowingclinicalindicationsmayrequireacombinationoftreatmentofmixedPenicillinGiseffectiveintreatingwhichofthefollowing leptospirawhichis(are)theeffectiveagentagainstpseudomonasaeruginosaamongthefollowingPleasedescribethetherapeuticusesofPleasedesc