新托福口语讲义课件

SpeakingTestTOEFLIBT1标题添加点击此处输入相关文本内容点击此处输入相关文本内容前言点击此处输入相关文本内容标题添加点击此处输入相关文本内容2口语部分：IndependentTask：

1~2(ownidea)IntegratedTask:3~63IBT考试的Challenges耳麦口语影响听力Typing

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writingTimeislimited4口语考试必备技能Reading（通知、训练）Listening（系统方法、训练）NotesTaking（系统方法、训练）Summarizing（思路、模版）休息的时候默写模版Paraphrasing信息转述的能力（思路、模版）Speaking（英语口语表达的能力）观点论证，条理逻辑（思路、模版）语法词汇（口头翻译造句练习）语音语调流利，语速语言连续（语音语调训练）5口语的提高：Retell（listeningpassage）近义词典

elated=happyextrinsic=outside能多说就多说，没有机会创造机会也要说6题型：Q1:①person,place,object,event②describeandgivereasonsQ2:①whichispreferable

②reasonsanddetails15’sprepare45’sanswer7题型：Q3：①readapassage(aboutcampuslife)建、拆、改+reason②listentwopeoplediscussing:askthestronger’sopinionandprove8题型：Q4*：Academicsubject;read+listen;[观点+论据]fromsocialpsychology社会心理学Q3+Q4：30’sprepare,60’sanswer9题型：Q5：listening(2people)campuslifeQ6*：listentoalecture20’sprepare60’sanswer10CampusLifeStudy:classroombuilding,library,studyroom,computercenterAccommodation:inandoutofcampus,dormitory,departmentEat:cafeteria,refectory,diningroomMedicalTreatmentParkingSubjectorMajor11RelevantPracticeQ1,Q2:repeatthemodel模板背诵Q3,Q4:readapassage,closeit,andrepeatitinEnglishQ5,Q6:listentoapassage,stop,andrepeat背诵script,Delta’s12评分标准及分析13语言要求ClearlyCoherentlyAccurately14TongueTwistersPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.IfPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers,howmanypickledpeppersdidPeterPiperpick?Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.TheshellsshesellsaretheseashellsI'msure.Foritshesellsseashellsontheseashore,thenI'msureshesellsseashoreshells.15Springisgaywithflowersandsong.Summerishotandthedaysarelong.Autumnisrichwithfruitsandgrain.WinterbringstheNewYearagain.ThisisthecowwiththecrumpledhornthattossedthedogthatchasedthecatthatcaughttheratthatatethemaltthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.16Howmuchwoodcouldawoodchuckchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood?17Q1Argument(topicsentence)Reasons(supportingdetails)Transitional(logicalneed)Details**18Q1：两种能力：

Note-takingBrain-storming19Note-taking:1.Q1和Q2mainidea2.例子中的最关键的两三个词。20Whatwouldyouwanttobeprofessionallyintenyears?Usespceficdetailsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Brain-storming:WhichcareerdoIlikemost?WhydoIlikeit?原则：熟悉性原则

同时，做note-takingPractice121Topic:Intenyears,Iwouldliketoownanimportantbusiness.Supportingideas:1)Nextyear,Iwillbestaringamaster'sprograminbusiness.IwillbegettingthisdegreebecauseIhopetostartmyownbusinessandmakeitsuccessfulsomeday.2)AfterIfinishmymaster'sdegreethreeyearsfromnow,IwillmostlikelytakeapositioninanothercompanyforafewyearsbecauseIneedtomakesomemoneyandtospendsometimeplanningmyownbusiness.Conclusion:Withtenyears,Ihopetohavemyowncompanyandbeonthewaytomakingitasuccess.22Practice2Describeoneofthemostimportantinventionsinthelast100years.Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.23

Inmypointofview,televisionisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinthelastcentury.SincetheinventionofTV,humanhistoryhasstartedanewpage.Firstofall,TVallowspeopletolearnaboutwhat'sgoingonintheworld.Withsuchinformation,theyareabletogetabetterunderstandingoftheworldtheylivein.Secondly,TVprovidesalotofinterestingprogramsthatmanypeopleenjoyafteralongday'swork.Itsvisualeffectmakespeoplefeellessstressedandmorerelaxed.Lastbutnotleast,Televisionhasagreatinfluenceonthewaypeoplethinkandtalk.24作业：Describethepersonthatyouadmiremost.Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Whatdoyouthinkarethecharacteristicsofagoodleader?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.25ThepersonIadmiremostismybestfriendShelleybecauseofthefollowingreasons.Firstly,Shelleyisaversatilegirl.Sheplayspianoverywell,soeverytimewehaveapartyshewillhaveaperformanceandshinylikeapartyqueen.Besides,sheisagreatphotographer.Secondly,sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Wheneverweturntoherforhelp,shewillgiveusahand.Moreover,Shelleyisagirlwithperseverance.HermajorisPhysics,butthoroughheruniversitylife,shelearntGermanybyherself,nowshecanevenspeakthislanguagebetterthanmoststudentmajoredinGermany.26Amongallthecharacteristicsofagoodleader,Iwouldsingleoutthefollowingthreeasthefundamentalones.Firstofall,aleadershouldowntheabilityofteambuildingandhelpeachindividualintheteamtoperformtheirverybest.Inaddition,agoodleadershouldmasterimpressiveprofessionalknowledgeandskills,inordertodecidethedirectionofteamdevelopmentandhelpthesubordinatestosolvepracticalproblems.Furthermore,agoodleadershouldrespecttheworkandbewillingtoworkwithotherteammembers.Thesequalitiescanmakeagoodleader.27Language:Pronoun(代词)单复动词时态28空手套白狼：Makesomethingoutofnothing.Gainswithoutpains.八字没一撇呢：Nothingtangibleisinsightyet./isforsureyet.Everythingisstillintheair.强扭的瓜不甜：Happinessgoeshandinhandwithwillingness.你们免费送货？Couldyousendtheproducttomyhouseforfree?/freeofcharge?Doyouprovidefreedeliveryservice?29People:Appearance&CharacteristicsAppearance:figure:tall,short,slim(苗条),skinny,stout(矮胖)Skin:dark,tanned,fairandclearFace:deepeyes,darkeyebrowsOverall:stunning,sexy,charming,attractive30People:Characteristics*:积极的，乐观的：optimistic外向的：extrovernt内向的：introvert多才多艺的：versatile适应性强的：adaptable细心的：considerable坚持的：persistent31务实的：practical，realistic果断的：resolute世故的，圆滑的：sophisticated，diplomatic大度的：magananimous32People:一、本身素质二、对待别人素质三、描述团队领袖素质现实型：现在时理想型：shouldbe33DescribeTherearealotof_____sthatIadmire/likemost.ButifIwassupposedtodescribeoneofthem,Ihavetosayitis_____.Whatarethecharactersofa_____.Amongthemanyfactorsthatmakeupagood_____,Iwouldsingleout[A,B,C]asthefundamentalones.34Place:Importantfrequentlyvisited①本身功能②通常辅助功能③与人交流35必备模板：MunicipalLibraryIthasthelargestbookcollectionamongalllibrariesinmycity.Asastudent,Ioftenneedtowriteessaysandpapersandthat’swhereIcanfindmostreferencebooksasmaterials.Therarebooksectioncouldgivemeaccesstoalotoffirsthandinformationabouthistoryandculturewhichcannotbefoundelsewhere.ThelibraryalsohasacomputerroomwhereallthecomputersareconnectedtotheInternet,whichoffersmeagreatvarietyofinformationsources,especiallythelatestinformationinmyfieldofstudy.36Iseldomgotothelibrarymyself,becauseIneedtohavediscussionwithfriendsafterIacquirecertainamountofinformation.Severalofmybestbuddiesgotherewithmeallthetime.Apartfromstudying,wemayalsoexchangeideas,sharelaughter,talkaboutlifedilemmasandencourageeachothertomoveoninlife.37BigcitiesVSSmallcities38Cities(BorD)Transportation:Buses,taxies,subwaysRecreationFacilitiesEducationFacilitiesJobOpportunitiesTrainingOpportunitiesandFacilities39Youcantakethebussubway,taxitoalmostanywhereyoulikewithin20or30minutes.Evenifthereisemergency,youcangetintimehelportreatment.Wecanfind4-DimensionalCinemas,KTVs,recreationcenters,parksetcinalmosteverydistrict.Themomentwegetbored,wewillbeabletofindawaytoentertainourselves.40Citylibraries,districtlibraries,communitylibrairesarealmostopentoeverywhere.Theynotonlyhavealargemountofbookcollection,butalsoprovideswithotherinformationsources,suchasnewspaper,magazine,andInternetaccess.Jobopportunitiesaboundinbigcities,whichofferusmorefreedominjobhuntingandcareerdevelopment.Mostbigcorporationslocatetheirheadquatersorimportantbranchesinbigcities,thuscreatedtheneedformoretalentedemployees.41Countriside(SorS)EnvironmentHealthSafety42CleanerEnvironment

Duetothesmallnumberofindustrieslocatedinsmallcities,thequalityofairismuchsuperiorheretothatinbigindustrialcities.IbelieveIcouldenjoyalongerlifeinsmallcities.Despitethefactthatpublictransportationisnothighlydevelopedinsmallcities,wemightenjoybetterhealthbecauseofmoreexerciseswecandoaswewalkfromhometoschoolorworkeveryday.Withasmallpopulation,thecrimeratewillcommonlydroptoanacceptablelevel,whichgiveseveryoneasourceofsecuritywhileyouaretakingawalkalongalackorapark.43升级（人物类）富有：rich,wealthy,Details:Accordingtothelatestlistoftherichestmeninoutprovince,heisthesecondrichestwithmorethan2billionyuanworthofstock.Besides,hehasrealestateworthmorethan10millionyuanunderhisownnamealone.44勤奋:diligent,industriousDetails:Eventhoughhiscurrentwealthcansustainfortherestofhislife,hecontinuestoworkhisassoffformoresuccess,Evennowmanyofhisemployeesconstantlyreportthattheirbossworksthelongesthoursintheircompanybecausewhenevertheycometothecompany,heisseenalreadythereinhisoffice.45慈善:charity,philanthropicDetails:Heisnotworkingonlyfortheaccumulationofhisownwealth.Moreimportantly,eismakingconstantendeavortohelpthepoorfromthethirdworld.Accordingtoanincompletesurvey,hehasalreadydonatedmorethanonehalfofhistotalincomeeachyeartotothedevelopmentofsanitation,education,anddiseasepreventioninpoverty-inflictedareasaroundtheworld.46胸怀宽广:magnanimousDetails:Hiswidepopularityamonghisfriendsisevidentproofofhismagnanimity.Allhisfriendssaythateventhoughtheyhadlookeddownuponhimandinsultedhimverballybeforehewassuccessful,heneverheldanygrudgeagainstanyoneandofferedallhelphecouldwhenhisfriendsturntohim.47Q2pair-choicequestion:note-taking,brain-stormingSomestudentsstudyforclassesindividually.Othersstudyingroups.Whichmethodofstudyingdoyouthinkisbetterforstudentsandwhy?48Q2分为两大题型:personalpreferenceandagreement1.Personalchoice(个人爱好题):Whichonedoyouthinkisbetter?Whichonedoyouprefer?2.Agreement（同意题）：Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?49两种题型模版和第一题是一样的:TSC模版在Q2的模版中要包含的东西：First,youshouldclearlystateyouropinion.Then,youshouldofferdetailedreasons.What’smore,youshouldusetransitionsinyouranswer.50Topic中可以说:Iprefertodosth.Personallyspeaking,Iwouldchoose...Iagreewiththestatementthat...While,Idon'tthinktheanswershouldbeasimpleAorB,becauseitalldependsonwhatsituationwearetalkingabout.51Personalpreference:Aboutlifeinschooloruniversity:Somecollegestudentslikestudyinginbigcitiesbutotherstudentswouldliketostayinasmallcityorevenasmalltowntocompletetheiruniversitylife.Whichstyledoyouprefer?Pleaseincludedetailsandexamplesinyourexplanation.(类似真题2,somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Otherprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?)52

Inmypointofview,Iprefertostudyinbigcitiesforthefollowingreasons.Firstly,manyprestigiousuniversitieslieinmega-cities,likeBeijingandShanghai,alsomoreprofessionalcurriculumorclassesareavailableinbigcities.Withthehelpofthesecourses,onecanhaveasharpercompetitiveedgeinjobhunting.Inaddition,onewillgainmorechancesoffindingfull-timeorpart-timejobsasmanyfamouscompanieshavetheirbranchesinbigcities.Thusagraduatehasmoreopportunitiestoworkwiththemostsuccessfulpeopleinhisorhercareer.Lastbutnotleast,lifeisconvenientinmetropolitancitiessincetherearealotoflifefacilitieslikesupermarkets,cinemas,andgyms.53Somecollegestudentswouldliketolivebyhimselforherself.Otherswouldliketolivewitharoommate.Whichlifestyledoyouprefer?54

Tome,livingaloneisbetterbecauseofthefollowingreasons.Reasonnumberone,livingaloneprovidesmewithaquietplace,whereIcanstudyandrestwithoutanydisturbancefromothers.Forexample,I'dliketodosomereadingquietlyintheafternoon,ifIhavearoommatewholikesheavymetalmusicalot,Iwillnotbeabletoenjoymyreading.ReasonnumbertwoisthatIcanenjoymylifewithahighlevelofprivacy.WhenIwanttohaveacallwith,tosay,mybestfriend,Iwillnothavetoclosethedoorofmyroom.Lastbutnotleat,differencesbetweenroommateswillprobablyleadtoconflictsandnegotiations,whichannoysmealotandcouldbeavoidedotherwise.55策略ChooseoneItdepends

--实在不好区分，用年龄划分56Idon'tthinkthisquestioncanbeansweredwithasimplechoicebetweenAorB,becauseitalldependsontesituation.IwouldpreferAif____,forthesimplereasonthat____;whileIwouldpreferBif____,because_____.Idon'tthinkthechoicecanbemadewithoutanyreferencetotheoccasionbecausemypersonalpreferenceonthisissuemayvaryfromsituationtosituation.If___,Iwould______,because______;whileontheotherhand,if____,IthinkIwould_____.57Eventworking,accommodation,studing,culture,accommodation,most...Accommodation:

Area(where)cityorcountryside?DowntownorSuburbanarea?Dormorapartment?

Who:aloneorwithparents?

What(house):dreamhouse58Studying:what:major;who:alongoringroup?Work:what:major;Where:cityorcountryside.Recreation:Travel,Sport,Music:pop,rapfolk,classicalMovie,literature:booksmagazines,fiction,poetry,dream59Studying:Major:MedicalScience/physician/surgeonFromtheprospectiveofmoney:doctorsarenotonlyrespectedinmycountry,butmoreimportant,theyarebetter-offthanmostofothers.Myneighbor,Joeyisadoctorinanearbyhospital,andhehasasummerhouse,aBenzandabigbankaccount.Iwanttolivesuchalife.ThejobgivesmeagreatersenseoffulfillmentbecauseIhavethepowertosavelives.Whenyouseeadyingpeopleandyouareabletosethisheartbeatingnormallyagain,whatelseyouneedinthisworld?60Ofcourse,thereisanotherpersonalreason.IfI'madoctor,Icouldhelpmyfamilymemberswhentheyareill,oratleastIcanprovidethemwithfirstclassmedicaltreatmentbypullingmystringsinthemedicalcommunity.61Place:StudyRoom(Design)Thereareseveralcomfortableleathersofainit,onwhichIcanalwaysrelaxandreadatease.AcomputerandInternetaccessareavailable,whichenablesmetodorelevantworkformyresearchwhenIhaveinspiration.Suchassearchingfornecessarydata,communicatingwithmycolleagues,etc.Equippedwithfirstclassstereosystem.IfIfeeltired,IwouldputinmyfavoriteCDandbecarriedawaybytheartist,whichhelpsmetorelax.62RecreationTravel:PlaneThefastestmeansoftransportation,comfortableandsafe,uniquepicturefromthesky,givesyouthefeelingofflying,first-classservice,duty-freeproduct:savealotofmoneythanotherwise.63RecreationTrainCheaper:Aplaneticketcostsnolessthan900yuan,butatrainticketwilljustcostyou300yuan.Enjoythebeautifulsceneriesalongthetrip:Travelingisnotallaboutarriving,butmoreimportantlyabouttheprocess.Alotsaferthanplane:Oncethereisanaccident,youcouldhavemoretimeandspacetoescape,butifyouareonaplane,wheretohide?Takeslesstimetogotoatrainstation:Becausemosttrainstationsarelocatedwithinthecitywhileairportsarelocatedoutsidethecity.64SportsIhaveavarietyofchoicesforrelaxationinmyleisuretime,butifIhavetotakeoneasmyfavorite,playingbasketballdefinitelytopsmylist.Ilikeitbecauseofthefollowingreasons.Firstofall,itrequiresalargeamountofrunningaroundandvariousskills,whichallrequestconstantpracticethathelpsdriveawayallthetirednessofthedayandgivesmetotalrelaxationwhichisalsoimportantforagoodhealth.Aftertakingbasketballfor4years,Iseldomgetcoldorfluwhileothersarehitbythem.65Thesecondreasonisthatthegamedemandsgreatteamworkspirit.Yourteamcan'twinjustbecauseyouareexcellent.Youmustworktogethertoscorethemostpoints.Thishelpsmelearntofindoutthestrengthsandweaknessofmyteammembersaswellasofmyown,whichIbelievewillalsobehelpfulinmyfuturecareer.ThelastreasonisthatIhavemadealotoffriendsthroughthiswayofrelaxation.Forexample,ImetmybestbuddyRitaonthebasketballcourtandweofterhungouttogetherforotherthings,suchasstudying,working,parttime,etc.66MusicPopmusiciseasilyaccessible.BecausetheCDsorDVDsofthosepopsuperstarsselllikehotcakes,youcanfindthemalmostinanystorearoundyourneighborhood.Excellentfolkmusic,however,onlygotoshelvesofsomeselectedclassicalmusicshopswithspecialtaste.Thecontentofthelyricsofpopsongsreflectourdailylivesandemotions.Icouldsometimesfindmyselfinthosesongs.Forexample,afamoussongbyAndyLiucalled"Cryingisnotcrime"givesmethefeelingofcryingandfindinganoutletformetheemotionsandpressurethatIhavedeeplydowninmyheart.Thushelpsmedriveawaythetirednessofthedayandgettotalrelaxation.67MostofmyfriendsarealsofansofpopmusicandwealladoreAndyLiualot.Whenwearelisteningtohismusictogether,wenotonlyrelax,butmoreimportantly,weexchangeideas,sharelaughter,talkaboutlifedilemmasandencourageeachothertomoveoninourlives.68Q3:dialogue(monologue)-basedR,LandS第三题与校园生活的话题密切相关，比如可能会涉及学费、课程安排、作业、餐厅的饭菜等等问题。首先是一个75－100个单词的阅读文章，45秒种之内读完多种形式，比如可以是一个布告，或者还有可能是一个通知，甚至是一封信。45秒种后文字自动消失，然后开始听力。听力是一段对话（或是独白），考生会听到一个或者是两个说话者讲述刚才读到的文章中的话题。如果有两个说话者，其中通常会有一个人对相关话题持鲜明观点――要么十分赞成，要么十分反对，并且会给出理由。对话时间一般是一分到一分半中。69然后问题会出现在你的电脑屏幕上，一般会是什么形式呢？因为刚才说有一个会言词很激烈，所以问题一般会这样问：pleasestatethemanorthewoman’sopinionandexplainthereasonswhyheorsheholdsthatopinion.然后你有30秒的准备时间，接下来就是1分钟的回答时间。第三和第四题是不需要任何个人意见的。只要你总结文章和听力中的观点就可以。70Twoabilities:Fillers:now,and,well,but,or,so,because,youknow,Imean

Note-taking：whatyoushouldwritedowninthereadingandlisteningprocess.

71Note-taking:Reading1.Proposal(keywords),mostoftimeitappearsinthetitleorthefirstoneortwosentences2.writedownthekeywordsofthereasons72Note-takinglistening:在reasons这种题型中，听的过程中要注意两个人中会有一个人是主角(leadingactor)，一个是次角(supportingactor)，持同意或反对态度很强烈，说话或抱怨或牢骚很多的那个人一般来说就是主角。听清楚说话人是赞同还是反对阅读材料中的观点。73Whatyoushouldwritedownintheprocessoflistening:keywordsinreasonsSignalwords:

ButIcanseewhy?AndtheotherthingisI’mdoingOK,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.firstly,secondly,ononehand,ontheotherhand..Thefirstthingtodois.Themostimportantone,also,notonly,butalso,but74Youshouldalsojotdownthelastsentenceintheconversation.75建议的听力笔记方法：在听力一开始的前15到20秒先不要记笔记，把主要精力放在听解上，一是听解两个人谈论的重点，二是判断出谁是主要角色。一般来说，先说话的人是次要角色。76Template:Topic:分成两部分：(1)Thereadingpassagedescribesanoticeorastatementabout/that…orThereadingpassagementionsthat/sth.(2)statetheperson’sopinion:inthelisteningpassagethemanorthegirlthinks….isgood,sh.agreeordisagreewiththestatementthat…Supportingdetails:1.reasons2.reasonsConclusion(optional)Payattentiontotheuseoftransitions.77AEveningSessionCancellationSelmoUniversitystudentsshouldbeawarethattheeveningsessionofRaceRelationsinCanadianHistoryhasbeencanceledfornextsemester.Atthistime,therearetoofewstudentsenrolledinthegraduatestudent-ledeveningsessiontojustifyitscontinuation.Accordingly,theregistrar'sofficehasdecidedtooffertheclassintheafternooninstead,inhopesthatthistimeslotwillpermitmorestudentstoenroll.Theafternoonsessionwillnotbetaughtbyagradstudent;itwillbeledbyprofessorMcKnight.78NewPolicyonPrintoutsWeareconcernedthattoomanystudentsareprintingoutdocumentsunnecessarily.Therehasbeenalargeincreaseinexpenditureonprinterpaperfromthecomputerlabinthelastfewmonths.Moreover,ourprintersarefrequentlyoutoforderbecausethey'rebeingoverused.Tohelpsavemoneyandsafeguardtheequipment,studentswillnowbelimitedtoprintingout15pagesatatime.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthenewpolicy,pleaseaskoneofthelabtechniciansforassistance.79Summary:一.1.图书馆和学校学习生活方面。图书馆以后只能提供onlineservice，或者图书馆的装修问题，要不要在图书馆放花美化环境，怎样减少噪音的问题，要不要在图书馆开个咖啡吧，毕竟在国外学生学习大部分时间要围绕图书馆进行

802.

学校要改建宿舍或建新的学生宿舍

，

同学不同意或者是学校要建立一个新的艺术大楼或者改建artgallery为办公室,新生要不要和老生合住的问题。3.学校医务中心的问题，太小，并且医疗条件差等等。一般的校医院只能治疗感冒814.学校的学费问题，建设学生体育中心，活动中心的问题。5.societyservicerequirement,说学生毕业之前要参加社区的公益活动。可以加强学生跟社会的联系6.学校出台一项限制大学新生停车（汽车）的政策82二.说话速度尽量快一些，但要以clearly为底线。

三.阅读材料在很多时候不会起太多的作用，主要是给一个背景知识，og上的例题除外，你在回答的一分钟里说出来的东西主要来自听力材料中的信息。83解题思路：1）笔记中考生需要记录对话学生遇到的问题以及两个解决方案。这些信息在对话中很明显，不难听懂。听对话时候，留意内容：Problemdescription:Theproblemis...Iamok,but...Ineedhelpwith...IhavedifficultyindoingI'dliketodo...,butIcannotdo...84SolutionsorSuggestionsYoushould/'dbetterdo...Onethingyoucandois...andtheotherthingyoucandois...Howaboutdoing...Whynotdo...IfIwereyou,Iwoulddo...852）听完选择最佳解决方案，并给出两条理由。3）笔记：建议先在草稿纸上写好模板，便于做笔记。86例题09年11月14日87Q6是一个教授的课堂讲座，教授会讲到一个concept或者是definition，然后会用具体的例子或过程来进行解释，然后让考生总结或者说是诠释讲座的主要内容。88SamplequestionsUsingpointsandexamplesfromthelecture,describethemassmigrationsofpeopleinthenineteenthcentury,andexplainwhythesemigrationsoccurred?Usingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,describethedutiesofdifferenttypesofmanagersinlargehotels.89通常分以下三种类型：

1.现象例子型(phenomenonexamples)

即：提出现象例子阐述

2.过程功能型(process-functions)

即：描述过程解释功能

3.理论应用型(theory-applications)

即：介绍理论论述应用90能力提高paraphrasingAparaphraseisarestatementofwhatsomeoneelsehaswrittenorsaid,usingone’sownwords.可以理解成解释或者是诠释，它与summarizing是不同的，summarizing主要是mainpoints,但是paraphrasingisamoredetailedrestatement91Weshouldwritedownthefollowingpoints:1.

listencarefullytowhatthenarratorhassaid.“listentopartofalectureinaUnitedStateshistoryclass”.2.writedownprolongedandstressedwords延缓读音和重读的地方。声音要表现重要性，只有这两点。Conceptordefinition还有keywords,比如说例子的keywords或者说解释conceptordefinition的keywords3.

catchthesignalwords.只说几个重要的：forexample,suchas,ononehand,ontheotherhand不要把signalwords记下来，是把signalwords后面的关键词记下来。924.最后一句话重要信息记下来。很多时候可以用上，用在你的conclusion中。为什么最后一句话容易记下来呢？因为最后一句话离整个听力结束也就是几秒的时间，你的短时记忆会让你轻松的把它记下来的。5.问题中的重要信息，这个可以放在你的topic中。93Template:Topic:inthelisteningmaterial,theprofessortalksabout…(就是你听到的问题中的重要信息)Supportingdetails:（paraphrasing）1.

example2.

example3.

exampleConclusion:(optional)94基本答题模版：

Inthelecture,theprofessor

discusses/

argues/

demonstrates……

Tobeginwith,hesaysthat+问题讨论的背景

What’smore,hementionedthat+讨论主题

Finally,hediscussesthat...95例题ListentopartofalectureinaUnitedStateshistoryclass96ProfessorBecausetheUnitedStatesissuchalargecountry,ittooktimeforacommonnationalculturetoemerge.OnehundredyearsagotherewasverylittlecommunicationamongthedifferentregionsoftheUnitedStates.OneresultofthislackofcommunicationwasthatpeoplearoundtheUnitedStateshadverylittleincommonwithoneanother.Peopleondifferentpartsofthecountryspokedifferently,dresseddifferently,andbehaveddifferently.ButconnectionsamongAmericansbegantoincreasethanksto2technological

innovations:theautomobileandtheradio.

97Automobilesbegantobemassproducedinthe1920’s,whichmeanttheybecamelessexpensiveandmorewidelyavailable.Americansinsmalltownsandruralcommunitiesnowhadtheabilitiestotravelwitheasetonearbycities.Theycouldeventakevacationstootherpartsofthecountry.Theincreased98

mobilityprovidedbyautomobileschangedpeople’sattitudesandcreatedlinksthathadnotexistedbefore.Forexample,peopleinsmalltownsbegantoadoptbehaviors,clothes,andspeechthatwerepopularinbigcitiesorinotherpartsofthecountry.99AsmoreAmericanswerepurchasingcars,radioownershipwasalsoincreasingdramatically.Americansindifferentregionsofthecountrybegantolistentothesamepopularradioprogramsandmusicalartists.Peoplerepeatedthingstheyheardontheradio–somephrasesandspeechpatternsheardinsongsandradioprogramsbegantobeusedbypeopleallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplealsolistenedtonewsreportsontheradio.Theyheardthesamenewsthroughoutthecountries,whereasinnewspapersmuchnewstendedtobelocal.RadiobroughtAmericanstogetherbyofferingthemsharedexperiencesandinformationabouteventsaroundthecountry.100下面我们看看哪些地方需要进行paraphrase(1)

例子。也就是说教授举出的例子中一些重要或关键的动词或者形容词、副词词组。Forexample,peopleinsmalltownsbegantoadoptbehaviors,clothes,andspeechthatwerepopularinbigcitiesorinotherpartsofthecountry.Paraphrasing:Peopleinsmalltownsstartedtoact,dressandspeakinthesamewayasthepeopleinbigcities.(2)

就是你能很容易找到同义词组的地方。Americansinsmalltownsandruralcommunitiesnowhadtheabilitytotravelwitheasetonearbycities.Paraphrasing:cantraveleasilytonearbycities.101哪些地方不需要paraphrasing呢？一些重要的conceptortermsCommonnationalculturetheautomobileradio而且大家注意不要走极端，有些同学过于在乎考虑每一句话都要paraphrasing,最后根本都说不完。你就是按照教授原话说出来也总比你说不完好啊。所以，大家不要过犹不及啊，goingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough.掌握一个原则：说的时候顺其自然，能在1秒钟内反映出来的就paraphrasing,否则就按照原话来。102如何进行paraphrasing找同意词或词组，或者找反义词组，然后前面加一个not.变化句式Specialeducationteachersareemployedbyschoolboardstoassiststudentswhoarehavingsuchdifficulties.Paraphrase:schoolboardshirespecialeducationexpertstohelpstudentswith