2021年广东广州高考英语一模试卷

2021年广东省广州市高考英语一模试卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（7.5分）Exercisingregularlynotonlyhelpsyoukeepslim,butalsoimprovesyouroverallhealthandwell-being.Differentexercisesproducedifferentresults,astheyfocusonalternatepartsofthebody.Therearefourbroadexercisecategories：endurance,strength,flexibility,andbalance.Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype,butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.EnduranceEnduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.Bydoingenduranceexercises,youareworkingtokeepyourheart,lungs,andblood-flowsystemhealthywhileimprovingyourtotalfitness.Overtimetheseactivitieswillmakeeverydayactivitiesseemeasier.StrengthIfyouwanttobuildupyourmuscles,thenstrengthexercises,whicharealsoknownas"resistancetraining",arerightforyou.Eventheslightestincreaseinstrengthcanmakeahugedifferenceinyourabilitytocarryoutdailytasks.Developingstrongmusclesalsoreducesyourriskofweakbones.FlexibilityFlexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'smuscles.Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.Also,itreducesthemuscletensioncausedbystress.BalanceBalanceexerciseshelppreventfallsandareespeciallyimportanttoolderadults,helpingthemstayindependent.Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.Heel-to-toewalkingandstandingononefootaresimplewaystoimprovebalance.Howcanapersonbenefitmostfromtheirexerciseroutine?第1页（共34页）Bycombiningdifferentexercisetypestogether.Byhavingsufficientrestbetweentheirworkouts.Byconcentratingononetrainingaspectatatime.Byincreasingthefrequencyoftheirtraininggradually.Whichexercisetypesaremostusefultoimproveaperson'sbreathingfunction?StrengthandBalanceFlexibilityandBalanceEnduranceandStrengthEnduranceandFlexibilityWhichpartofthebodyplaysthemostimportantroleinbalance-relatedexercises?A.Arms.Legs.Waist.Neck.（10分）ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s, Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses（放大镜）heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens，Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures，whichhecalled"animalcules"".Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes（微生物），Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater，rainwater，andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"theoryofdisease".Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax, diphtheria, polio,第2页（共34页）smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway："Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof."WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?AtrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiologyAcuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobesAtalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordiseaseAboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscoveryTheunderlinedphrase"thislegacy"inparagraph3refersto .thediscoveryofmicrobesPasteur'stheoryofdiseaseLeeuwenhoek'scontributiontheoriginofthetinyorganismWhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.The"theoryofdisease"wasputforward.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A.a-d-c-e-b第3页（共34页）d-a-c-e-ba-c-d-b-ed-a-e-b-c3.（10分）Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Todayinmanylanguages-includingEnglish-thereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.However,somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage, sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuation（标点）symbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?Yes-punctuationisimportantPunctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedtosay,"It'stimetoeat,children",thisisdifferentfrom,"It'stimetoeatchildren".Thesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenu.TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddrama,tobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentence."Itallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetbored,Pierceclaims."Otherwise,thewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact."Besides，learningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfun.Itcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearer.No-wedon'tneeditPunctuation.Even,ifasentenceisbadlypunctuated.likethisone:Itcanstillbe,understood.Thisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentence,notthesymbolsbetweenthem.Oxford-basedlinguistKellyJonessays,"Itistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaning，notthepunctuationmarks.Ifthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentence，peoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosay.Forinstance，whenpeoplespeak，theydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother."Also,punctuationcanbeconfusing-therearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserve，andifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenone,Punctuationsimplyisn'tneeded.第4页（共34页）Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?Todiscussalternativeviewpoints.Tosupportoneargumentoveranother.Toevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideas.TooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageWhobelievespunctuationisnecessary?RobertFrostandKellyJonesAristophanesandRobertFrostJonathanPierceandKellyJonesAristophanesandJonathanPierceInparagraph3,theunderlinedpartisusedas.adefinitionafactanexampleanerrorWhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJones'sopinion?Punctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguage.Withoutpunctuation,peoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeaking.Pausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuation.Thechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyingmeaning.4.(10分)Tomanypeople,honeybeessymbolizewealth,sustainabilityandenvironmentalism.Butasahoneybeeresearcher,Ihavetotellyouthatonlythefirstitemonthatlistisdefensible.Althoughtheyareimportantforagriculture,honeybees,whichareusuallyimportedfromoutsidethelocalarea, alsodisturbnaturalecosystemsbycompetingwithnativebees.Forseveralyearsthemediahastoldusthatbeepopulationsareunderthreat.Inresponsetothismediacampaignto"savethebees”,raisinghoneybeeshasbecomeapopularhobby.Butasaspecies,honeybeesareleastinneedofsaving.Muchmediaattentionisgiventohoneybeesattheexpenseofnativebees,andthishasledmanycitizens-myselfonceincluded-to第5页(共34页)mistakenlybelievetheyaredoingagoodthingfortheenvironmentbyraisinghoneybees.Unfortunately,theyareprobablydoingmoreharmthangood."Beekeepingisforpeople；it'snotaconservationpractice,"saysShellySmith,anenvironmentalscienceprofessor."Peoplemistakenlythinkkeepinghoneybeesalsohelpsthenativebees,whichareatriskofextinction.That'swrong."SmithandherresearchteamrecentlysurveyedonethousandlocalpeopleinCanadaandfoundthattheyhadasurprisinglypoorunderstandingofbeetypesandtheirrolesinpromotingflowergrowth.Mostpeople'sattentionisonsavinghoneybeeswhen,fromaconservationist'spointofview,nativebeesaretheonesinmoreneedofsupport."Tomakemattersworse,beekeepingcompaniesandvariousnon-science-basedprojectshavefinanciallybenefitedfromthedeclineofnativebeepopulations,"Smithexplains."Thesecompaniespretendtheyareinterestedinsavingbeesbuttheiractionsareactuallydamagingthenativebeepopulations."Theintroductionofhoneybeesincreasescompetitionwithnativebeepopulationsforfood,puttingevenmorepressureonthewildspeciesthatarealreadyindecline.Honeybeesareextremelyefficientfoodgatherersandtakeoveralmostalllocalflowerresources，thusleadingtodamagingcompetition-thatis,whereonespeciesusesuparesource,notleavingenoughtogoaround.Whichstatementdoesthewriterarguefor?Honeybeesendangernativebees.Honeybeesareasymbolofwealth.Honeybeesareimportantforagriculture.Honeybeescandefendnaturalecosystems.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?Beekeepingisastill-populartraditionalhobby.Themediaisresponsibleformisleadingthepublic.Citizens'attemptstoprotecttheenvironmentareeffective.Themediacampaignhasfailedtopromotehoneybeebusinesses.WhatsurprisedShellySmith'steam?第6页（共34页）Beekeepingcompanies'makinggreatprofits.Thequickexpansionofbee-friendlyhabitats.Thepublic'signoranceofbeevarietiesandroles.Insufficientattentiongiventosavinghoneybees.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthelastparagraph?Bylistingexamples.Bymakingcomparisons.Byanalyzingsurveydata.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.第二节（共1小题：每小题2.5分、满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（12.5分）Doyouliketheideaofrunningyourownbusinessfromhome?Mostofyoudo,andthefirstthingsyousayyoulikeaboutitarebeingyourownboss,havingflexiblehoursandworkingInyourpajamas（睡衣）.（1）Beingyourownbossisdefinitelyonebigadvantaged2）Youmustcommittoworkonyourbusinessregularlytomakeprofits.Ifnot，youwillfindthatyourincomebecomesnon-existent.So,havesetofficehourswhereyouproductivelyworkonbuildingyourbusiness.）Doctors'appointmentsandfamilycommitmentscansimplybeworkedintoyourschedule.Again，youneedtoarrangeyourappointmentscarefullyandtrytobookthemtogether.Thiswayyoucangetallofyourrunningarounddoneinoneday.Workinginyourpajamasmayseemappealinginitially.Butitcanalsopreventyoufromactuallygettingyourworkdone.（4）Afterthat,justwalkintoyourofficeandstartyourday'swork.Beingtoocasualmeansgettinglessworkdoneonaregularbasis.Inordertorunasuccessfulbusinessfromhomeyouneedtohaveagoodmindset.（5）Takingofftoomanyhourseachweekwilldamageyourfinancialstabilityandlong-termsuccess.Setgoalsandlimitsonyourtime.Buildyourbusinessfirst,beforetakingadvantageofwhatworkingfromhomeoffers.A.Butitcanalsobecomeyourdownfallwithoutcare.第7页（共34页）Flexiblehoursareanotherhugeplusofworkingfromhome.Onceit'sachieved,you'llhavemoreopportunitiestodevelopbusinesscontacts.Youmayfinditmoreefficienttogetupexercise,thenshoweranddressforwork.Thisincludesrealizingthatyouandonlyyouareresponsibleforyourownincome.Oneofthebiggestdrawbacksisthatitissoeasytoallowyourselftohaveexcuses.Whilethesebenefitssoundgreat,therealityofworkingfromhomecanbealittledifferent.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分15分)第一节(共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(15分)CamoglilookslikeanyothersmallItaliancoastaltown.Thelittle(1)housesfacethesea.Thesunlightwarmstheirbeauty.But,lookcarefullyandyou'llseemanythingsthatseem(2)…butthey'renot.Thisfishingvillageisfulloftrompel'oeil-anartforminwhichnothingiswhatitappearstobe.Whilesomeflowersdie,othersliveforyears.Why?Becausethey're(3)onthebuilding!Trompel'oeilhasbeenaroundforcenturies.(4),Camogli'sfishermenpaintedtheirhousesinbrightcolorsandunusualdesigns,sothattheycouldseetheirhomes(5)fromthewater.Then,inthe1700s,itbecameawaytomakesmall,simplebuildingslook(6)andhigh-valued.Andtoday?Therearestillmanytrompel'oeilhousesinvillageslikeCamogli,butonlyafewartistsare(7)topaintthem.Carloisoneofthisever-decreasingbandofartistswho'smanagedtomakeabusinessoutofit.His(8)areoftenpeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirhome's(9).ButforCarlotrompel'oeil'spurposeistobringsomething(10)toanewplace,suchasbringingthecitytotheseaoreventhedesertstothecities.Carlospaintingstyle(11)thepast.Heonlyusesold-stylepaintsandmixesthembyhand.Hedoessoforonereason：toprotectthetrompel'oeiK12).Healsobelievesthisartshouldbe(13)everywhere.Fortunately,inCamogli,localartandculturearestill(14).Butremember,don'talways(15)youreyes!第8页（共34页）

(1)A.coloredB.crowdedC.dampD.wooden(2)A.fancyB.novelC.realD.valuable(3)A.carvedB.pressedC.paintedD.planted(4)A.CreativelyB.MistakenlyC.FrequentlyD.Originally(5)A.closelyB.easilyC.happilyD.hopefully(6)A.comfortableB.complicatedCgrandD.harmonious(7)A.allowedB.availableC.responsibleD.introduced(8)A.designersB.followersC.customersD.partners(9)A.appearanceB.capacityC.convenienceD.privacy(10)A.civilizedB.farawayC.naturalD.unexpected(11)A.comesfromB.bringsaboutC.goesagainstD.leavesout(12)A.artistsB.buildingsC.paintsD.traditions(13)A.acceptedB.discussedC.learnedD.seen(14)A.changingB.aliveC.diverseD.unique(15)A.believeB.blockC.widenD.cheat第二节（共1小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(15分)Acomfortingcupofteaisanessentialpartofthedayforhundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheglobe.Worldwide, threecupsoftea(1)(consume)foreverycupofcoffee.To(2)(full)appreciatetheancientrootsoftheherbaldrink,avisittotheChinaNationalTeaMuseummightbeinorder.Theinstitutionhasalonghistory.(3)(locate)inHangzhou,themuseumoccupiesaparklikesetting.Inside,varioushallsdemonstratethestoryoftea,itsceremonies(仪式)anditstools.Recordsofteadrinkingdateasfarbackasthe(4)(ten)centuryB.C.inChina.Originallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof(5)couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder(粉状物).TeaspreadintonorthernChinaduringtheTangDynasty；bytheSongDynastyit(6)(acquire)aloose-leafproduction第9页（共34页）aswellastheceremoniesthatmadeitsconsumption（7）artform.Theartofteaextendedtoitsfancycontainers,whichare（8）displayatthemuseum.Gracefullyroundedkettlesdateback5,000years；teabowlsfromtheTangDynastyhaveabeautifulsimplicity.Today（9）（visit）canobserveateaceremonythatmightbeenough（10）（change）eventhemostpassionatecoffeedrinker.第四部分写作（共两节，满分15分）第一节（满分15分）（15分）假定你是李华，上周你校举办了首届生活技能云端展示活动，主题为，劳动创造美好生活（WorkCreatesaBetterLife）”。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动主题；.展示内容（烹饪、急救等）；.活动反响。注意：.写作词数应为80左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。TheFirstOnlineLifeSkillsShow第二节（满分25分）9.（25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ittookplaceinateachersfamily.Oneday,Benwasplayingbasketballinthelivingroomafterschool,whenheaccidentallythrewtheballatavasesittingontheshelf.Thevasedroppedtothefloorandalargepiecebrokeoff.WhatmadeBenmoreupsetwasthatthevasewasnotacommondecorationbutanantique,whichwashandeddownthroughgenerationsfromthe18thcentury.Itwasalsohismother'sfavouritepossession.Tocoverhisterribleaction,theterrifiedboygluedthepiecestogetherhastilyandputthevasebacktoitsplace.Asthemotherherselfdustedthevaseeveryday,shenaturallynoticedthecracks（裂纹）thatevening.Tohersurprise,therepairworkwasactuallyverygood.Atdinnertime,sheaskedherboyifhebrokethevase.Fearingpunishment，thesuddenlyinspiredboysaidthataneighbour'scatjumpedinfromthewindowandhecouldn'tdriveitawaynomatterhowhard第10页（共34页）hetried.Itracedaroundthelivingroomandfinallyknockedthevaseoffitsshelf.Hismotherwasquiteclearthathersonwaslying,forallthewindowswereclosedbeforesheleftforworkeachmorningandopenedaftershereturned.However,inthefaceofherson'snervouseyesandthesuspiciouslooksoftheotherfamilymembers.Ben'smotherremainedcalm.Sherealizedsheshouldn'tjustsimplyblameandpunishhersonforlying.Shecameupwithanotheridea.Beforegoingtobed,theboyfoundanotefromhismotherinhisroom,askinghimtogotothestudyatonce.Theboythoughthewouldnowbepunishedbut,ashehadalreadylied,hewasdeterminedtodenyeverythingtotheend,nomatterhowangryhismumbecame.Inthestudy,calmlybathedinthelight,hismothersfaceshowednosignofanger.Onseeinghersonpushopenthedoorandcautiouslyenter,shetookachocolateboxoutofadrawerandgavehimone.注意：.续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Themothersaid,"Thischocolateisarewardforyourimagination：awindow-openingcat!".Nowwithsomechocolatesinhand,theboy'sbadattitudedisappeared..第11页（共34页）2021年广东省广州市高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1.（7.5分）Exercisingregularlynotonlyhelpsyoukeepslim,butalsoimprovesyouroverallhealthandwell-being.Differentexercisesproducedifferentresults,astheyfocusonalternatepartsofthebody.Therearefourbroadexercisecategories： endurance,strength,flexibility,andbalance.Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype,butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.EnduranceEnduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.Bydoingenduranceexercises,youareworkingtokeepyourheart,lungs,andblood-flowsystemhealthywhileimprovingyourtotalfitness.Overtimetheseactivitieswillmakeeverydayactivitiesseemeasier.StrengthIfyouwanttobuildupyourmuscles,thenstrengthexercises,whicharealsoknownas"resistancetraining",arerightforyou.Eventheslightestincreaseinstrengthcanmakeahugedifferenceinyourabilitytocarryoutdailytasks.Developingstrongmusclesalsoreducesyourriskofweakbones.FlexibilityFlexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'smuscles.Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.Also, itreducesthemuscletensioncausedbystress.BalanceBalanceexerciseshelppreventfallsandareespeciallyimportanttoolderadults,helpingthemstayindependent.Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.Heel-to-toewalkingandstandingononefootaresimplewaystoimprovebalance.第12页（共34页）Howcanapersonbenefitmostfromtheirexerciseroutine? ABycombiningdifferentexercisetypestogether.Byhavingsufficientrestbetweentheirworkouts.Byconcentratingononetrainingaspectatatime.Byincreasingthefrequencyoftheirtraininggradually.Whichexercisetypesaremostusefultoimproveaperson'sbreathingfunction? DStrengthandBalanceFlexibilityandBalanceEnduranceandStrengthEnduranceandFlexibilityWhichpartofthebodyplaysthemostimportantroleinbalance-relatedexercises?A.Arms.Legs.Waist.Neck.【分析】本文主要讲述了运动能给你带来的各方面的好处，并对其进行了说明。【解答（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype，butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.（很多人通常只关注一种运动类型，但将这四种运动都包含在你的训练中会产生更好的效果，并降低你受伤的风险）可知，通过将各种运动结合起来的方法，人们可以从中获得最大的益处，故选A.（2）D.细节理解题。根据第二段Enduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.（耐力训练可以增加你的呼吸和心率）；Flexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'smuscles.Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion，posture，abilitytobreathedeeply，andbloodflow.（柔韧性练习有助于伸展你身体的肌肉。这使得其他运动更自由，也可以提高你的运动范围、姿势、深呼吸能力和血液流动）可知，耐力训练和柔韧性练习有助于提高一个人的呼吸系统，A.StrengthandBalance力量和平衡；B.FlexibilityandBalance灵活性和平衡性；C.EnduranceandStrength耐力和力量；D.EnduranceandFlexibility耐力和柔韧性，故选D.第13页（共34页）（3）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.（大多数好的平衡练习都是让你脚踩在地上不停地运动）可知，平衡度训练中腿的作用是非常大的，故选B.【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。2.（10分）ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses（放大镜）heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens，Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures，whichhecalled"animalcules"".Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes（微生物），Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater，rainwater，andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"theoryofdisease".Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus, andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway："Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof."第14页（共34页）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?AtrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiologyAcuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobesAtalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordiseaseAboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscoveryTheunderlinedphrase"thislegacy"inparagraph3referstoC.thediscoveryofmicrobesPasteur'stheoryofdiseaseLeeuwenhoek'scontributiontheoriginofthetinyorganismWhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest? DHeadmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?AMagnifyinglenseswerebuilt.The"theoryofdisease"wasputforward.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.a-d-c-e-bd-a-c-e-ba-c-d-b-ed-a-e-b-c【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AntonivanLeeuwenhoek制作显微镜的过程以及Leeuwenhoek在观察微生物方面取得的贡献和他本人对自己贡献的看法。【解答(1)B.细节理解题。根据第一段中"ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,built第15页(共34页)someofthefirstmicroscopes.（微生物学的历史始于一位名叫AntonivanLeeuwenhoek的荷兰制布师，他没有受过正规的科学教育。17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜）"以及"Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens，Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures，whichhecalled"animalcules".（列文虎克从牙齿间取出一些菌斑，并用透镜检查后，他发现了微小的扭曲生物，他称之为"微生物"）"可知，Leeuwenhoek是一个好奇的业余爱好者，他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。故选B.（2）C.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文"Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis"theoryofdisease".Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家LouisPasteur提出了他的"疾病理论"。这一概念认为，疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击和削弱身体。巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内的传染病。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性工作的结果）"以及下一段中"Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述自己对科学的贡献）"可知，Leeuwenhoek的发现对后来的疾病理论取得了重要的突破，而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。即画线词指的是"Leeuwenhoek的贡献"。故选C.D.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundo