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/OPC客户端的自动化实现OPC是建立在COM,DCOM的基础商的,因此绝大多数语言都可以很好的进行开发.在Net中开发客户端有以下几种方式:(1)

使用OPCNetAPI,需要用到OPCNetAPI.dll,.dll(2)

使用自动化接口,需要用到OPCDAAuto.dll(3)

使用自定义接口,需要用到多个Wrapper:OpcRcw。Ae。dll,OpcRcw。Batch.dll,n.dll,OpcRcw.Da.dll,OpcRcw。Dx.dll,OpcRcw。Hda。dll,OpcRcw.Sec.dll以上开发方式所需的动态链接库可以从OPC基金会()的网站上下载,一些下载项目可能需要注册,或成为基金会的成员。不同的方式有各自的有缺点,请参见…本文使用自动化接口,VB.Net语言进行开发,开发项目是无线射频(RFID)卡方面的应用,典型的如公交车,或公司考勤使用的刷卡机.需要注意的是自动化接口存在一个“不是问题”的问题,数组下标是以1开始的,而不是传统计算机开发上的以0开始.不知道设计者头脑是怎么想(有人知道吗?);这可能会给一些语言的开发造成问题(有人碰到吗,没有你就是幸运的)需求:OPCDAAuto。dll或该Dll的Interop(一)

:客户端开发流程OPC客户端的开发主要遵循下图所示的开发流程,下面就从以下几个开发步骤进行说明

(二)

:枚举OPC服务器列表枚举服务器主要是通过OPCServer接口的GetOPCServers方法来实现的,该方法会返回OPC服务器数组(以1为下界,上面已有说明),以下是代码段'枚举OPC服务器列表PrivateSubForm1_Load(ByValsenderAsSystem。Object,ByValeAsSystem。EventArgs)HandlesMyBase.LoadTryGlobalOPCServer=NewOPCAutomation。OPCServerClass()DimServerListAsObject=GlobalOPCServer。GetOPCServersForindexAsShort=LBound(ServerList)ToUBound(ServerList)’加入控件列表中,注意这里使用LBound和UBoundcbbServerList。Items.Add(ServerList(index))NextIfcbbServerList.Items.Count>0ThencbbServerList.SelectedIndex=0EndIfResetControlStatus()'设置控件状态GlobalOPCServer=NothingCatchExAsExceptionMessageBox.Show("ListOPCserversfailed:"+Ex。Message,"OPCSample",MessageBoxButtons。OK)EndTryEndSub(三)

:连接OPC服务器自动化接口中连接到服务器是使用connect方法PublicOverridableSubConnect(ByValProgIDAsString,OptionalByValNodeAsObject=Nothing)ProgID指服务器的ProgID,Node代表网络节点,如果是本机则放空即可。连接到服务器后,以下属性需要特别注意:OPCServer.StartTime:服务器的启动时间OPCServer。CurrentTime:服务器的当前时间,各个客户端可以通过这个属性值完成一些同步的操作OPCGroups.DefaultGroupIsActive:以后添加的Group是否默认激活OPCGroups。DefaultGroupDeadBand:Group的默认死区,变化量超过死区后将会触发DataChange事件,合理的设置该值可以提高程序性能OPCGroups.Count:下属组(Group)的数量OPCGroups.DefaultGroupLocalID:组(Group)的默认通信区域编号,如1024OPCGroups.DefaultGroupUpdateRate:组(Group)的默认刷新率,该属性也比较重要OPCGroups。DefaultGroupTimeBias:组(Group)的默认时间偏差(四)

:添加组(Group)和项(Item)添加组和项需要用到Groups.Add和Items。AddItem方法,以下是原型:FunctionAdd(OptionalByValNameAsObject=Nothing)AsOPCAutomation。OPCGroupFunctionAddItem(ByValItemIDAsString,ByValClientHandleAsInteger)AsOPCAutomation.OPCItem 组也有两个重要的属性 Group.UpdateRate:刷新率,该属性通Groups的UpdateRate意义一样,如果这个值有设置,则以这个值为准 Group。IsSubscribed:是否使用订阅功能 以下是代码段ﻩ'连接到指定的OPC服务器PrivateSubbtnConnectServer_Click(ByValsenderAsSystem.Object,ByValeAsSystem.EventArgs)HandlesbtnConnectServer.ClickIfcbbServerList.Text<>""ThenConnectedOPCServer=NewOPCAutomation.OPCServerClass()TryConnectedOPCServer.Connect(cbbServerList.Text)'设置组集合的默认属性ConnectedOPCServer。OPCGroups。DefaultGroupIsActive=TrueConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupDeadband=0'添加组ConnectedGroup=ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups。Add()ConnectedGroup。UpdateRate=3*1000'刷新虑,用于下面的DataChange事件ConnectedGroup.IsSubscribed=True'使用订阅功能'添加项GlobalOPCItems(0)=ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.OpenCard",0)GlobalOPCItems(1)=ConnectedGroup.OPCItems。AddItem("Reader_Device.CloseCard”,1)GlobalOPCItems(2)=ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("ReaderdNO”,2)RefreshServerStatus()'刷新服务器状态CatchexAsExceptionConnectedOPCServer=NothingMessageBox。Show("OPCserverconnectfailed:”+ex。Message,"OPCSample”,MessageBoxButtons.OK)EndTryResetControlStatus()EndIfEndSub(五)

:读写操作与事件控制读写操作包括同步和异步两种操作方式,以下是这几个方法的原型:Group的同步读事件SubSyncRead(ByValSourceAsShort,ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefServerHandlesAsSystem。Array,ByRefValuesAsSystem。Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem.Array,OptionalByRefQualitiesAsObject=Nothing,OptionalByRefTimeStampsAsObject=Nothing)

Group的同步写事件SubSyncWrite(ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefServerHandlesAsSystem.Array,ByRefValuesAsSystem.Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem。Array)

Group的异步读事件SubAsyncRead(ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefServerHandlesAsSystem.Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem。Array,ByValTransactionIDAsInteger,ByRefCancelIDAsInteger)

Group的异步写事件SubAsyncWrite(ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefServerHandlesAsSystem.Array,ByRefValuesAsSystem。Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem.Array,ByValTransactionIDAsInteger,ByRefCancelIDAsInteger)如果使用异步的读写操作,那么还需要实现Group中的ReadComplete和WriteComplete两个事件PublicEventAsyncReadComplete(ByValTransactionIDAsInteger,ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefClientHandlesAsSystem。Array,ByRefItemValuesAsSystem.Array,ByRefQualitiesAsSystem。Array,ByRefTimeStampsAsSystem.Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem.Array)

PublicEventAsyncWriteComplete(ByValTransactionIDAsInteger,ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefClientHandlesAsSystem.Array,ByRefErrorsAsSystem.Array)其他相关的重要事件包括:Group数据变化时的通知事件PublicEventDataChange(ByValTransactionIDAsInteger,ByValNumItemsAsInteger,ByRefClientHandlesAsSystem.Array,ByRefItemValuesAsSystem。Array,ByRefQualitiesAsSystem.Array,ByRefTimeStampsAsSystem.Array)

Group的异步取消事件PublicEventAsyncCancelComplete(ByValCancelIDAsInteger)

Server(服务器)关闭通知事件PublicEventServerShutDown(ByValReasonAsString)

以下是这些实现的代码段'读取卡片指定的块号的值PrivateSubbtnReadCard_Click(ByValsenderAsSystem。Object,ByValeAsSystem.EventArgs)IfNot(ConnectedGroupIsNothing)ThenTry’获取块号DimBlockNoAsShort=CByte(ReadBlockNo.Text)’如果要获取数据的块所对应的项还没有创建,就创建它IfGlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)IsNothingThenGlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)=ConnectedGroup.OPCItems。AddItem("Reader_Device.Block"&CStr(BlockNo),200+BlockNo)EndIf'准备参数数组DimServerResultsAsSystem。ArrayDimServerErrorsAsSystem。ArrayDimServerHandles(1)AsIntegerServerHandles(1)=GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle’读取值ConnectedGroup.SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice,1,ServerHandles,ServerResults,ServerErrors)IfServerErrors(1)<>0ThenMsgBox("ReadCardFailed:"&ServerErrors(1))ElsetxtReadBlockNo.Text=ServerResults(1)EndIfCatchexAsExceptionMessageBox.Show("OPCserverReadCardfailed:"+ex.Message,"OPCSample",MessageBoxButtons.OK)EndTryEndIfEndSub

’写卡片指定块的值PrivateSubbtnWriteCard_Click(ByValsenderAsSystem.Object,ByValeAsSystem。EventArgs)IfNot(ConnectedGroupIsNothing)ThenTry'获取块号DimBlockNoAsShort=CByte(WriteBlockNo.Text)'如果要写入数据的块所对应的项还没有创建,就创建它IfGlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)IsNothingThenGlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)=ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem(”Reader_Device.Block"&CStr(BlockNo),200+BlockNo)EndIf'准备参数数组DimServerValues(1)AsObjectDimServerErrorsAsArrayDimServerHandles(1)AsIntegerServerHandles(1)=GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandleServerValues(1)=txtWriteBlockNo。Text’写入值ConnectedGroup。SyncWrite(1,ServerHandles,ServerValues,ServerErrors)IfServerErrors(1)〈>0ThenMsgBox(”WriteCardFailed:"&ServerErrors(1))ElseMsgBox(”WriteCardSucceed")EndIfCatchexAsExceptionMessageBox。Show("OPCserverWriteCardfailed:"+ex.Message,”OPCSample”,MessageBoxButtons。OK)EndTryEndIfEndSub(六)

:断开服务器断开服务器只要使用OPCServer的Disconnect方法几个,以下是代码段:'断开到指定OPC服务器的连接PrivateSubbtnDisconnectServer_Click(ByValsenderAsSystem.Object,ByValeAsSystem.EventArgs)HandlesbtnDisconnectServer.ClickIfNot(ConnectedOPCServerIsNothing)ThenTryConnectedOPCServer。Disconnect()CatchexAsExceptionMessageBox.Show(”OPCserverdisconnectfailed:”+ex。Message,”OPCSample”,MessageBoxButtons.OK)FinallyConnectedOPCServer=NothingResetControlStatus()EndTryEndIfEndSub(七)

:相关链接非常好的一个OPC技术网站OPC基金会网址国内的一个比较好的OPC网站(八):全部源码Imports

System.Runtime。InteropServicesﻫPublic

Class

Form1ﻫ

Dim

GlobalOPCServer

As

OPCAutomation。OPCServerClass

Dim

WithEvents

ConnectedOPCServer

As

OPCAutomation。OPCServerClass

Dim

WithEvents

ConnectedGroup

As

OPCAutomation.OPCGroupClass

Dim

GlobalOPCItems(4)

As

OPCAutomation。OPCItem

Dim

GlobalOPCBlockItems(64)

As

OPCAutomation.OPCItem

ﻫﻫ

'枚举OPC服务器列表ﻫ

Private

Sub

Form1_Load(ByVal

sender

As

System。Object,

ByVal

e

As

System。EventArgs)

Handles

MyBase。Load

Tryﻫ

GlobalOPCServer

=

New

OPCAutomation。OPCServerClass()

Dim

ServerList

As

Object

=

GlobalOPCServer.GetOPCServersﻫ

For

index

As

Short

=

LBound(ServerList)

To

UBound(ServerList)

’加入控件列表中,注意这里使用LBound和UBound

cbbServerList.Items.Add(ServerList(index))

Next

If

cbbServerList.Items。Count

>

Then

cbbServerList.SelectedIndex

=

0ﻫ

End

If

ResetControlStatus()

'设置控件状态

GlobalOPCServer

Nothingﻫ

Catch

Ex

As

Exception

MessageBox。Show("List

OPC

servers

failed:

+

Ex.Message,

"OPCSample”,

MessageBoxButtons.OK)ﻫ

End

Tryﻫ

End

Subﻫ

’连接到指定的OPC服务器ﻫ

Private

Sub

btnConnectServer_Click(ByVal

sender

As

System.Object,

ByVal

e

As

System.EventArgs)

Handles

btnConnectServer。Clickﻫ

If

cbbServerList。Text

<〉

""

Thenﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer

New

OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass()ﻫ

Tryﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer。Connect(cbbServerList。Text)ﻫ

’设置组集合的默认属性

ConnectedOPCServer。OPCGroups.DefaultGroupIsActive

Trueﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupDeadband

=

0ﻫ

’添加组

ConnectedGroup

ConnectedOPCServer。OPCGroups.Add()

ConnectedGroup.UpdateRate

=

3

1000

'刷新虑,用于下面的DataChange事件ﻫ

ConnectedGroup.IsSubscribed

=

True

'使用订阅功能ﻫ

'添加项

GlobalOPCItems(0)

=

ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device。OpenCard",

0)ﻫ

GlobalOPCItems(1)

=

ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device。CloseCard”,

1)

GlobalOPCItems(2)

ConnectedGroup.OPCItems。AddItem("ReaderdNO",

2)ﻫ

RefreshServerStatus()

’刷新服务器状态ﻫ

Catch

ex

As

Exceptionﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer

=

Nothing

MessageBox.Show("OPC

server

connect

failed

"

ex.Message,

”OPCSample",

MessageBoxButtons.OK)

End

Try

ResetControlStatus()

End

If

End

Subﻫ

’服务器断开事件通知

Private

Sub

OnServerShutDown(ByVal

Reason

As

String)

Handles

ConnectedOPCServer。ServerShutDownﻫ

btnDisconnectServer_Click(Nothing,

New

EventArgs())ﻫ

End

Sub

Private

Sub

OnGroupDataChange(ByVal

TransactionID

As

Integer,

ByVal

NumItems

As

Integer,

ByRef

ClientHandles

As

System。Array,

ByRef

ItemValues

As

System.Array,

ByRef

Qualities

As

System.Array,

ByRef

TimeStamps

As

System.Array)

Handles

ConnectedGroup.DataChangeﻫ

For

i

As

Integer

=

1

To

NumItems

If

Qualities(i)

=

OPCAutomation。OPCQuality.OPCQualityGood

Thenﻫ

Select

Case

ClientHandles(i)

Case

2ﻫ

txtCardNo.Text

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

200

'测试7张卡片

txtValueBlock0.Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

201

txtValueBlock1。Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

202ﻫ

txtValueBlock2。Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

203

txtValueBlock3.Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

204ﻫ

txtValueBlock4.Text

CStr(ItemValues(i))ﻫ

Case

205

txtValueBlock5.Text

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

206ﻫ

txtValueBlock6。Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))ﻫ

Case

207

txtValueBlock7。Text

=

CStr(ItemValues(i))

Case

Elseﻫ

End

Select

End

If

Next

End

Sub

ﻫﻫ

’断开到指定OPC服务器的连接ﻫ

Private

Sub

btnDisconnectServer_Click(ByVal

sender

As

System.Object,

ByVal

e

As

System.EventArgs)

Handles

btnDisconnectServer.Clickﻫ

If

Not

(ConnectedOPCServer

Is

Nothing)

Thenﻫ

Tryﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer.Disconnect()ﻫ

Catch

ex

As

Exception

MessageBox.Show("OPC

server

disconnect

failed:

"

ex.Message,

”OPCSample",

MessageBoxButtons.OK)

Finallyﻫ

ConnectedOPCServer

Nothingﻫ

ResetControlStatus()ﻫ

End

Tryﻫ

End

Ifﻫ

End

Sub

’开卡,并返回卡号

Private

Sub

btnOpenCard_Click(ByVal

sender

As

System.Object,

ByVal

e

As

System.EventArgs)ﻫ

If

ConnectedGroup

IsNot

Nothing

Then

Tryﻫ

'准备参数数组

Dim

ServerHandles(1)

As

Integer

Dim

ServerValues(1)

As

Object

Dim

ServerErrors

As

System。Arrayﻫ

ServerHandles(1)

GlobalOPCItems(0)。ServerHandleﻫ

ServerValues(1)

=

1

'写入值,用于执行OpenCard的操作ﻫ

ConnectedGroup.SyncWrite(1,

ServerHandles,

ServerValues,

ServerErrors)

If

ServerErrors(1)

<>

0

Then

MsgBox("OpenCardError:

ServerErrors(1))

End

If

ServerHandles(1)

=

GlobalOPCItems(2).ServerHandleﻫ

Dim

ServerResult

As

System。Array

'读取卡号ﻫ

ConnectedGroup.SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice,

1,

ServerHandles,

ServerResult,

ServerErrors)ﻫ

If

ServerErrors(1)

〈>

0

Thenﻫ

MsgBox("ReadCardNoError:

&

ServerErrors(1))ﻫ

Elseﻫ

txtCardNo。Text

=

ServerResult(1)ﻫ

End

If

Catch

ex

As

Exception

MessageBox.Show("OPC

server

Open

Card

failed:

+

ex。Message,

”OPCSample",

MessageBoxButtons.OK)

End

Try

ResetControlStatus()

End

Ifﻫ

End

Subﻫﻫ

'读取卡片指定的块号的值

Private

Sub

btnReadCard_Click(ByVal

sender

As

System.Object,

ByVal

e

As

System.EventArgs)ﻫ

If

Not

(ConnectedGroup

Is

Nothing)

Thenﻫ

Try

'获取块号

Dim

BlockNo

As

Short

CByte(ReadBlockNo。Text)

'如果要获取数据的块所对应的项还没有创建,就创建它

If

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)

Is

Nothing

Thenﻫ

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)

ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem(”Reader_Device.Block"

CStr(BlockNo),

200

+

BlockNo)

End

If

'准备参数数组

Dim

ServerResults

As

System.Arrayﻫ

Dim

ServerErrors

As

System.Arrayﻫ

Dim

ServerHandles(1)

As

Integerﻫ

ServerHandles(1)

=

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle

’读取值

ConnectedGroup。SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice,

1,

ServerHandles,

ServerResults,

ServerErrors)ﻫ

If

ServerErrors(1)

〈>

0

Thenﻫ

MsgBox("Read

Card

Failed:"

&

ServerErrors(1))

Elseﻫ

txtReadBlockNo.Text

=

ServerResults(1)

End

Ifﻫ

Catch

ex

As

Exceptionﻫ

MessageBox.Show(”OPC

server

Read

Card

failed:

+

ex.Message,

"OPCSample”,

MessageBoxButtons.OK)ﻫ

End

Try

End

If

End

Subﻫﻫ

’写卡片指定块的值ﻫ

Private

Sub

btnWriteCard_Click(ByVal

sender

As

System。Object,

ByVal

e

As

System.EventArgs)ﻫ

If

Not

(ConnectedGroup

Is

Nothing)

Then

Try

’获取块号

Dim

BlockNo

As

Short

CByte(WriteBlockNo.Text)ﻫ

’如果要写入数据的块所对应的项还没有创建,就创建它ﻫ

If

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)

Is

Nothing

Thenﻫ

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)

=

ConnectedGroup。OPCItems.AddItem(”Reader_Device.Block”

&

CStr(BlockNo),

200

BlockNo)ﻫ

End

If

’准备参数数组

Dim

ServerValues(1)

As

Objectﻫ

Dim

ServerErrors

As

Array

Dim

ServerHandles(1)

As

Integer

ServerHandles(1)

GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo)。ServerHandle

ServerValues(1)

=

txtWriteBlockNo。Text

’写入值ﻫ

ConnectedGroup.SyncWrite(1,

ServerHandles,

ServerValues,

ServerErrors)ﻫ

If

ServerErrors(1)

<〉

0

Thenﻫ

MsgBox(”Write

Card

Failed:"

&

ServerErrors(1))ﻫ

Else

MsgBox("Write

Card

Succeed”)ﻫ

End

Ifﻫ

Catch

ex

As

Exceptionﻫ

MessageBox.Show(”OPC

server

Write

Card

failed:

"

ex.Message,

”OPCSample”,

MessageBoxButtons。OK)

End

Tryﻫ

End

If

End

Sub

'重设控件状态

Private

Sub

ResetControlStatus()ﻫ

If

ConnectedOPCServer

Is

Nothing

Thenﻫ

btnConnectServer.Enabled

=

True

btnDisconnectServer.Enabled

=

False

btnReadCard.Enabled

False

btnWriteCard。Enabled

Falseﻫ

btnOpenCard。Enabled

Falseﻫ

btnCloseCard.Enabled

False

ReadBlockNo.Value

=

0ﻫ

WriteBlockNo.Value

=

0

txtReadBlockNo.Text

=

”"

txtWriteBlockNo.Text

”0000000000”

txtCardNo.Text

=

""

txtSrvStartTime.Text

=

""

txtSrvCurrTime.Text

=

”"

txtSrvGroupCount。Text

""ﻫ

txtSrvGroupDeadBand.Text

=

""

txtSrvGroupDefActive。Text

=

""ﻫ

txtSrvGroupLocalID。Text

=

”"ﻫ

txtSrvGroupTimeBias.Text

=

""

txtSrvRequestRate.Text

=

""ﻫ

Else

btnConnectServer.Enabled

Falseﻫ

btnDisconnectServer.Enabled

=

Trueﻫ

If

txtCardNo.Text

=

””

Then

btnReadCard。Enabled

=

False

btnWriteCard.Enabled

=

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