心理学数据分析技术SPSS专家讲座

数据分析技术

——SPSS旳利用6/7/20231ApoemThepackagescomeoutenmasse,LikeMinitab,Systat,andSAS.TheultimatemessIsSPSS,Whicheveryoneuses,alas.统计软件包纷纷问世，例如Minitab,Systat,以及SAS。最让人烦旳是，SPSS，可每个人都得使，真是要死！6/7/20232StepsinanalyzingdatawithSPSS1.Enteryourdataintoadatafile.2.Readthedatafile.2a.Optional--Providedescriptivelabelsfortheoutput.2b.Optional--Transformthedataintosuitableform.3.Analyzeorgraphthedata.6/7/20233EnterthedataintoadatafileEnterthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor.Besuretosavethedatafilebeforeyoucontinue.Youcanalsoenterdataintoaspreadsheetordatabase,ifthatsoftwarecansaveadatafileinoneoftheformatsthatSPSSreads.SelectOpenfromtheFilemenu,thenselectDataFiletoseewhattheseformatsare.YoucanalsoenterdataintoanASCIIfilewithatexteditororwordprocessor.6/7/202346/7/20235ReadthedatafileIfyou'veenteredthedataintotheSPSSdataeditor,there'snothingmoretodohere!IfthedatawerepreviouslysavedinSPSS,spreadsheet,ordatabaseformat,selectOpenfromtheFilemenu.IfthedataweresavedinanASCIIfile,selectReadASCIIDatafromtheFilemenu.6/7/20236ProvidedescriptivelabelsOncethedataareinthedataeditor,selectthevariablename(inthecolumnheadings)andchooseDefineVariablefromtheDatamenu.Changethevariablenameifyouwish.VariableLabelsandValueLabelsareoptional.Ifyoudefinethem,SPSSusesthemtoannotateitsoutput.SelectLabelsfromtheDefineVariabledialogboxtodoso.6/7/202376/7/20238TransformthedataYoucancorrectmistakesorchangespecificdatavaluesdirectlyinthedataeditor.Ifyouneedmoresystematicchanges,forexampletocreatenewvariablesortochangethewayexistingvariablesarecoded,usethecommandsintheTransformmenu.6/7/202396/7/202310AnalyzeorgraphthedataThisiswhywe'reallhere.CommandsinthesubmenusundertheAnalyzemenuprovidestatisticalanalysis,andcommandsintheGraphsmenuprovidegraphicanalysis.MorecommandswillbemadeavailablewithoptionalmodulesofSPSS.Tofindoutwhichcommanddoeswhatyouwanttodo,chooseWhatCommandsDofromtheHelpmenu.6/7/2023116/7/202312SummarizeTheSummarizesubmenuprovidestechniquesforsummarizingdatawithstatistics,charts,andreports.6/7/2023136/7/2023146/7/202315Custom

TablesTheCustomTablessubmenuprovidesattractive,flexibledisplaysoffrequencycounts,percentages,andotherstatistics.6/7/2023166/7/202317ComparemeansTheComparemeanssubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingdifferencesamongtwoormoremeansforbothindependentandrelatedsamples.6/7/2023186/7/202319ANOVAModelsTheANOVAsubmenuprovidestechniquesfortestingunivariateandmultivariateAnalysis-of-Variancemodels,includingrepeatedmeasures.6/7/202320CorrelateTheCorrelatesubmenuprovidesmeasuresofassociationfortwoormorevariablesmeasuredattheintervallevel.6/7/2023216/7/202322RegressionTheRegressionsubmenuprovidesavarietyofregressiontechniques,includinglinear,logistic,nonlinear,weighted,andtwo-stageleast-squaresregression.6/7/2023236/7/202324ClassifyTheClassifysubmenuprovidesclusteranddiscriminantanalysis.6/7/2023256/7/202326DataReductionTheDataReductionsubmenuprovidesfactoranalysis,correspondenceanalysis,andoptimalscaling.6/7/2023276/7/202328ScaleTheScalesubmenuprovidesreliabilityanalysisandmultidimensionalscaling.6/7/2023296/7/202330NonparametrictestsTheNonparametrictestssubmenuprovidesnonparametrictestsforonesample,orfortwoandmorepairedorindependentsamples.6/7/2023316/7/202332WhyGodneverreceivedaPhD6/7/2023331.Hehadonlyonemajorpublication.2.ItwasinHebrew.3.Ithadnoreferences.4.Itwasn'tpublishedinarefereedjournal.5.Someevendoubthewroteitbyhimself.6.Itmaybetruethathecreatedtheworld,butwhathashedonesincethen?7.Hiscooperativeeffortshavebeenquitelimited.6/7/2023348.Thescientificcommunityhashadahardtimereplicatinghisresults.9.Heneverappliedtotheethicsboardforpermissiontousehumansubjects.10.Whenoneexperimentwentawryhetriedtocoveritbydrowninghissubjects.11.Whensubjectsdidn'tbehaveaspredicted,hedeletedthemfromthesample.12.Herarelycametoclass,justtoldstudentstoreadthebook.6/7/20233513.Somesayhehadhissonteachtheclass.14.Heexpelledhisfirsttwostudentsf