高中英语语法之虚拟语气(课件3份)

点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本什么是虚拟语气？假如我是一个男孩,我就能明白爱上一个女孩是多么美妙。英语动词的三种语气：祈使语气、陈述语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、

怀疑或推测。点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本是不是if引导的条件句都要用虚拟语气？什么时候用虚拟语气？√×√？？？什么时候用虚拟语气？当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性________，就用虚拟语气；当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性________，不用虚拟语气。要根据当事人实际情况具体分析。极小较大点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本目录虚拟语气的其他从句虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的条件句一二三点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本一虚拟语气的条件句1.构成：虚拟条件状语从句+

主句虚拟条件句状语从句主句2.分类与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本（1）与现在事实相反IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.IfIwereyou,Imightrefusehisinvitation.IfIhadachance,Icoulddoitinanotherway.与现在事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词___________形式,be动词用_______;主句谓语动词用________________________________+动词原形。过去式werewould/could/should/mightWhatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(中彩票)?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould/could/should/might…IfIwonthelottery,Icould

travelaroundthe

world.IfIwereaboy,I

would/could/should/might…(1)Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.(2)Iftheworldwar_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappen填空：点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本（2）与将来事实相反Ifshegotinvitedtothepartythisevening,shemightspend2hoursmakingup.Ifweshould

cometomorrow,wecouldseethemanager.IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.与将来事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词__________形式,be动词用_______,或者用____________________,或者________________;主句谓语动词用________________________________+动词原形。were过去式should+动词原形weretodowould/could/should/might造句If_______________tomorrow,Iwouldbemorethandelighted.过去式(were)should+doweretodo1.假如我要出国，我就会去法国。IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoFrance.2.万一明天下雨，我们的郊游可能推迟。(picnic)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,ourpicnicmight

be

putoff.

点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本（3）与过去事实相反Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhaveseenher.Iftheweatherhadbeenniceyesterday,wewouldhavegonefishing.IfIhadworkedhardwhenIwasastudent,ImighthavebeenadmittedintoWuhanUniversity.与过去事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词______________形式,即______+过去分词;谓语动词用would/could/should/might+_______+过去分词。过去完成式hadhaveIfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedonthatisland.

如果我之前学会了游泳,我就不会被困在岛上。wouldnothavebeenhadlearnt

Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he____________________thecaraccidentyesterday.如果他开车更小心,他昨天就不会出车祸。haddriven

wouldnothavehadChenHeIfChenHehadnotcheatedonhiswife,hewould/could/should/mighthave+过去分词...句子接龙...,hewouldhavehadagoodreputation.Ifhehadhadagoodreputation,hewould/could/should/mighthave...(1)IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.(2)Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaught填空：虚拟情况从句主句与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反过去式(be的形式用were)

had

done过去式(were)should+doweretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本一虚拟语气的条件句1.构成：虚拟条件状语从句+

主句2.分类与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反3.补充混合虚拟语气省略if的虚拟语气点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本（1）混合虚拟语气Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词发生的时间与主句的谓语动词_________，叫做混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。不一致(1)Ifyou__________(come)andattendedthemeetingyesterday,you____________(know)whatwearedoingnow.(2)Ifyou_____________(follow)myadvice,you_______________(overcome)allthedifficultiesnow.(3)Iftheweather_________(be)finer,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.填空：hadcomewouldknowhadbeenhadfollowedwouldovercome点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本（2）省略if的虚拟语气即部分倒装,从句省略掉if后把had/were/should等助动词或情态动词提到主语前面。IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.HadIworkedhard,…IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,…Ifthereshouldbeanearthquake,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeanearthquake,…点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本目录虚拟语气的其他从句虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的条件句一二三虚拟语气的特殊句式二whatif…,asif...,ifonly...从句虚拟语气without,with,butfor,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气wouldrather后的宾从wish后的宾从谓语动词1.whatif…,ifonly...,asif/though...,从句虚拟语气2.without,with,butfor,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气3.wouldrather后的宾语从句4.wish后的宾语从句1.whatif…,ifonly...,asif/though...,从句虚拟语气whatif...要是...怎么办？Ifonly...要是...就好了asif/though...好像...WhatifIshouldfail?Hewalksasifheweredrunk.IfonlyI

were

abird!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!1.要是我没错过火车就好了。2.要是明天下雨怎么办？3.她笑起来好像一朵花。IfonlyIhadn'tmissedthetrain.Whatifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow?Shesmilesasifshewereaflower.2.without,with,butfor,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气without...没有...with...有...butfor...要不是...otherwise...否则...Withoutmusic,theworldwould

bedull.Withyourencouragement,Iwould

pass

thefinalexam.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemaderapidprogress.Wemissedtheairplane.Otherwisewewouldhavebeenherebylunchtime.1.如果没有你,我就活不到现在。(tillnow)2.快一点！否则我们要迟到了。(belate)3.要不是你的捐助,我三年前就辍学了。(contribution;dropout)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverlivetillnow.Hurryup！Otherwisewewouldbelate.Butforyourcontribution,Iwouldhavedroppedoutthreeyearsago.3.wouldrather后的宾语从句Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.wouldrather

宁愿...表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用_________形式,be动词用were；表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用_________形式,be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用______________形式,即haddone的形式。过去式过去式过去完成式Iwouldrather___________________,resultingfromwhichyouwouldn’tcome.我宁愿天天下雨，以为你是因为下雨不来。(it)他宁愿你当时在场。(there)3.我宁愿你跟我讲了真话。(truth)Hewouldrather__________________atthattime.itrainedeverydayyouhadbeenthereIwouldrather________________________.youhadtoldmethetruth4.wish后的宾语从句wish

希望IwishIwereabird.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.

Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用_________形式,be动词用were；表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用_________________________________+动词原型；表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用______________形式,即haddone的形式。过去式would/should/could/might过去完成式我父母希望我期末考试及格。我希望和你一样高。他希望他没讲那样的话。我希望明天下雨就好了。IwishIwereastallasyou.MyparentswishIwouldpassthefinalexams.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.虚拟语气的特殊句式二现在将来过去whatif…,asif...,ifonly...从句虚拟语气without,with,butfor,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气wouldrather后的宾从wish后的宾从谓语动词过去式(were)过去式(were)should+doweretodohaddonewould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do过去式(were)过去式(were)haddone过去式(were)would/should/could/might+dohaddone1.Wewouldratherourdaughter______athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay

2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.HadhecaughtMultiplechoice.3.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow4.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused5.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone6.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had虚拟语气的其他从句三it作形式主语的主语从句动词“坚持、命令、建议、要求”后的宾语从句名词“命令、建议、要求”后的表语从句、同位语从句不用考虑时态,以上大部分从句的谓语动词都用should+动词原型的形式,should可以省略，但依然要用动词原型。it作形式主语的主语从句Itisapity/ashamethat…Itisstrange/natural/necessary/important/impossible/surprisingthat…(3)Itisdesired/suggested/demanded/required/requested/decidedthat…(4)Itis(high/about)timethat…从句谓语动词用should+动词原型(should不能省)或过去式It’snecessarythatwe

(should)studyhard.Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.It’shightimethatwewenttoschool.It’sabouttimethatweshouldtakemeasurestostoppollution.他拒绝我的邀请，真是奇怪。(invitation)学生努力学习很重要。(work)你该走了。(go)It’sstrangethathe(should)refusemyinvitation.It’simportantthatstudents(should)workhard.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo/went.2.动词“坚持、命令、建议、要求”后的宾语从句一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。insistorder,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desireTheteachersuggestedthatwe(should)sleepearlier.IdemandthatJohn(should)gohomeatonce.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事"时，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas填空：我们建议Tom去休息一下。(have)2.他坚决要求我到场。(present)3.老板命令我明天早点来。(come)4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(send)WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.ThebossorderedthatI(should)comeearlier.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.3.名词“命令、建议、要求”后的表语从句、同位语从句order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desire,request,requirementThesuggestionisthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.Mydemandisthatshe(should)cometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory(should)becloseddown.我的建议是你应该戒烟。(quit)他的要求是你通过这次考试。(pass)老师的命令是学生上课不许玩手机。(cellphone)Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)quitsmoking.Hisrequestisthatyou(should)passtheexam.Theteacher’sorderisthatthestudents(should)notplaycellphoneinclass.点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本第八章虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

从句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与现在事实相反If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be用were)(Ifsb.didsth.)主语＋would(should/could/might)＋动词原形(sb.would/could/shoulddosth.)1.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.2.IwouldcertainlygoifI

had

time.

从句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与过去事实相反If＋主语＋had＋动词的过去分词(Ifsb.haddonesth.)主语＋would(should/could/might)＋have＋动词的过去分词(sb.would/should/couldhavedonesth.)

1.Ifyou

hadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedinthetest.2.IfI

hadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.

从句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与将来事实相反If＋主语＋①动词的过去式(be动词用were)②should＋动词原形③wereto＋动词原形主语＋would(should/could/might)＋动词原形1.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.2.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.

从句(条件)主句(结果)if引导的条件句条件从句中省略if在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，

有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，

而将had,should,were提到主语之前。如：

原句：

Ifshewereyounger,shewoulddoit.去掉if:Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.从句(条件)主句(结果)错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示的时间不一致)根据从句与主句表示的不同时间，

参照if引导的条件句的三种情况进行调整。1.Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.2.Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,shewouldbequiteallright

now.(从句——对过去虚拟；主句——对现在的虚拟)

从句(条件)主句(结果)含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，

而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,butfor等)、

上下文或其他方式来表示。此时，

应根据句子表达的实际情况，

参照if引导的条件句的三种情况，

选用主句中相应的动词形式。1.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.2.I

wouldhavegiven

youmorehelp,butIwasbusy.3.Iwasverybusyyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.

【翻译】1.如果明天下雨，我们就会推迟运动会。Ifit_____________________________tomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.2.如果你早点听我的话，那你现在就不会感到抱歉了。Ifyou____________meearlier,you____________sorrynow.【解析】混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况，所以要用would＋do。rained/shouldrain/weretorainhadlistenedtowouldn'tbe3.要是没有我英语老师的帮忙，我不可能在这次英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I__________________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.【解析】butfor意为“要不是”，(含蓄条件句)相当于if引导的条件状语从句，IfitwerenotforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher…主句表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋havedone结构。wouldnothavewon二、虚拟语气表示不可实现或实现概率很小的愿望1.wish引导的宾语从句①对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式(were/v.－ed)IwishIwereabird. ②对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)IwishIhadknowntheanswer.③对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”(woulddo,一般不用should)Wewishourparentswouldn'tpunishus.2.Ifonly引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，动词形式与wish的情况相同①Ifonlyhedidn'tdrivesofast！(现在)②LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.(过去)③Ifonlytherainwouldstop．(将来)3.wouldrather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句①与现在事实或将来事实相反：过去式(v－ed),表示“宁愿做什么”。Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.②与过去事实相反：过去完成时(haddone)。IwouldratherIhadneverdoneittohim.【翻译】我要是带了雨伞该多好呀，我全身都湿透了。IfonlyI____________anumbrella!Iwaswetthrough.hadtaken三、虚拟语气在表示命令、要求、建议的从句中使用，此时从句中的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略1.宾语从句①在表示“建议，命令，要求，忠告”等动词后面的宾语从句，常用的此类动词有：“二四六”法则两个命令：order，command四个建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose六个要求：demand，require，request，desire，

urge，insistthatsb.(should)dosth.【翻译】1.我建议我们下周开个会。Isuggestthatwe____________ameetingnextweek.2.她要求我马上完成这项工作。SheinsistedthatI____________theworkatonce.(should)hold(should)finish四、固定句型中虚拟语气的运用＋＋＋＋＋加电子稿＋＋＋＋＋Itis(about/high)time＋that中的虚拟语气，that后面用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(should不可以省略),表示“该做……的时候了”。Itis(high)timethatwewent/shouldgotobed.我们该睡了。【翻译】你该是时候学会自己做决定了。It'shightimeyou__________________tomakethedecisionyourself.learnt/shouldlearn五、asif/though引导的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式(v－ed)。Shelooksaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)。HelooksasifhehadbeentoBeijing.用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.They______________________(arrive)atlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.2.Hisclassmatesuggestedthathe____________(take)arestimmediately.3.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.4.Don'thandlethevaseasifit________(be)madeofsteel.5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe__________________(visit)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.could/shouldhavearrived(should)take

had

were