英汉句式不同和相同之处届高考英语一轮复习

ThesyntacticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseYanchuanSeniorHighlecturer---LiuNi

目录content010203SimilaritiesDifferencesSentences04Significance《现代汉语词典》中“句子”的定义是：“用词和词组构成的、能够表达完整的意思的语言单位。每个句子都有一定的语调，表示陈述、疑问、祈使或感叹的语气。在连续说话时，句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。在书面上每个句子的末尾用句号、问号或叹号。”

《牛津高阶》给sentence下的定义是：asetofwordsexpressingastatement,aquestionoranorder,usuallycontainingasubjectandaverb.InwrittenEnglishsentencesbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithafullstop,aquestionmarkoranexclamationmark.Thedefinitionofsentence汉语的句子——

单句（一个句子）复句主谓句非主谓句sentencesinEnglishsimplesentencescompoundsentencesChineseEnglishsimilaritiesThesimilarities1.Don”ttreatmeasachild.2.Wegainedalotofsuccessinthe2010s.3.Putthatpicturebesideothersowecancomparethem.4.Youcanseegreenfieldsandhills.

你可以看到碧绿的原野(田野)和小山。5.Firstofall,besureyouhavethecorrectkindofpaper.第一，你一定要有那种合适的纸。ConclusionSubject,verbandobjectareplacedinordercorrespondingly.puncturation--fullmark,questionmarkandexclamationmarkGroup1Notawordwouldshesay.一句话她也不肯说。/她不肯说一句话。Thereenteredamiddle-agedman.进来一个中年男子。/一个中年男子进来了。Fromthedistancecameoccasionalshots.远处偶尔传来几处枪响。/几声枪响从远处传来。Group2Notoncehashefailedtokeephiswords.他从没失信过。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.

我们一直盼望的时刻终于来到了。Neverbeforehasourcompanybeenasunitedasitistoday.我们的公司从来没像今天这样团结。ThetypicalcharacteristicINVERSIONthedifferentaspects1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.2

Ihaveafriendwhohatesbankswithaspecialpassion.3.Hesatinfrontoftheyoungpeople,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.4.Sevenyears，myLord,havenowpassed,sinceIwaitedinyouroutwardrooms,orwasrepulsedfromyourdoor,duringwhichtimeIhavebeenpushingonmyworkthroughdifficulties,ofwhichitisuselesstocomplain,andhavebroughtit,atlast,tothevergeofpublication,withoutoneactofassistance,onewordofencour-agement,oronesmileoffavour.伯爵大人，当年我曾在您的外厅等候，也可以说是被您拒于门外，现在七年已经过去。这期间，我含辛茹苦，拼命工作，对此，现在抱怨已毫无用处。最终，词典即将出版，但它却不曾得到过一次援助的行动、一句鼓励的话语或一丝赞许的微笑。汉语——“竹式结构”，时间先后，并列关系，同向延伸。

英语——“树式结构”主次主干主从关系，主要和次要关系。汉语中主谓句

Thedifferences1.我的英语有提高的空间。(×)MyEnglishstillhasroomtoimprove.(√)ThereisroomforimprovementinmyEnglish.2.我脑子里突然想到一个好主意。(×)

Mybrainsuddenly

thoughtagoodidea.(√)

Agoodideaflashedinto

/occurredto/struck

mymind.3.中国的私人小汽车越来越多。(×)InChinaprivatecarsbecomemoreandmore.(√）TherearemoreandmoreprivatecarsinChina.4.我心中最记挂的是年迈的双亲。(×)Mymindcaresmostmyoldparents.(√）Iammostworriedaboutmyagingparents.

(√)Inmymindwhatweightsmostismyagingparents.

5.电视一打开全是开会。(×)Assoonasthetelevisionisturnedonthereareallmeetings.(√）Everytimeweturnonthetelevision,weseeameetingbeingheld.

6.我花了一个多钟头才到机场。(×)|spentmorethananhourongettingtotheairport.(√)Ittookmemorethananhourtogettotheairport.

7.你的英语水平比我高。(×)YourEnglishlevelishigherthanI.(√）YouaremoreproficientinEnglishthanI.

8.看到这些照片让我想起了我的童年。(×)Seeingthesephotographsmademerecallmyhappychildhood.(√)Thesephotographsremindedmeofmyhappychildhood.汉语中非主谓句Group1ThereisnosubjectinChinesesentences.itreferstoweatheroratmosphere.下毛毛雨啦。Itisdrizzling.刮大风下大雨呢。Itisblowingandraininghard.打了一夜的雷。Itthunderedallnight.今天又闷又热。ItissohotandoppressivetodayGroup2Itreferstotimeanddistance.Itishalfpasttennow.

现在十点半。

Itisalreadyinlateautumn.已经是晚秋时节。ItwillsoonbeNewYear.

快要到新年了。Itwilltaketwodaysandanighttogettothesmalltown到那个小镇子坐火车要两天一夜。Group3Theexistentialsentenceistoexplainsomethingthatexists,appearsorchanges.pattern---phrase(time/place)+v+n.大门两边各立着一只威严的狮子。Oneithersideofthegatestandsastonelioninitsmight.教室旁边的操场上坐着一群孩子。Ontheplaygroundneartheclassroomsatagroupofchildren.远处传来哀伤的笛声。Inthedistancesoundedamelancholyflute.Group4Therearesomeaphorisms,proverbsandphylosophywithsomeexperienceandtruth.没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。Withoutreformandopeningtotheworld,therewouldbenoeconomicprogressoftoday.要想说一口流利的英语，就要持之以恒地努力。IttakesconstantefforttobecomefluentinEnglish.求人不如求己。It'sbettertoseekhelpfromoneselfthanfromsomeoneelse.穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。Inpovertyascholarwouldcultivatehisownvirtue.lnprosperityhewouldbenefitallunderthesun.没有矛盾，就没有世界。Withoutcontradiction,therewouldexistnothing.Group5TherearesomeChinesesentensesexpressingreqirements,demands,bansandsoon.一定要保证产品质量。Thequalityoftheproductsmustbeguaranteed.一发现错误，必须立刻改正。Mistakesmustbecorrectedoncetheyarefoundedout.活在当今社会，必须把英语学好。Inthisdayandage,weshouldlearnEnglishwell.坚持法律面前人人平等。Wemustseetoitthatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.

采取各种措施，改善人民的工作条件，提高人民的生活水平。Differentkindsofmeasuresmustbeadoptedinordertoimprovepeople'sworkingconditionsandtoraisetheirlivingstandards.Studentsalwaysneglec