名校内部人教版高中英语选修八Book 8 Unit 3

名校内部人教版高中英语选修八（Book8Unit3)Unit3Inventorsandinventions学校校报征集英语稿件,要求以“Myfavouriteinvention”为标题,描述你最喜欢的一种发明。在所有的现代发明中,你最喜欢笔记本电脑(laptop),因为它重量轻,体积小,容易携带,随处可用,学习娱乐均可。请根据以上内容写出征文。MyfavouriteinventionWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manynewinventionsmakeourdailylifeeasierandmoreconvenient.Amongalltheinventions,Ilikethelaptopbest.Ithinkitisthemostamazinginventioninthe20thcentury.Laptopsarelightandsmall,makingthemeasytocarry.Withalaptop,wecanwork,studyandentertainourselvesanywherewelike.AlaptopcangettotheInternet,whichenablesustogetthelatestinformationwheneverwewant.Usingalaptop,Icankeepintouchwithmyfriendsandfamilythroughe-mailsandQQatanytimeandinanyplace.Ithinkinthefuture,everybodywillhavehisorherownlaptop.1.文章体裁:说明文。2.行文逻辑:引出主题→最喜欢笔记本电脑的原因→表达愿望。3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:convenient(方便的),keepintouchwith(保持联系),atanytime(在任何时候)等。4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①介词短语作状语:Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;②宾语从句:itisthemostamazinginventioninthe20thcentury;③定语从句:whichenablesustogetthelatestinformationwheneverwewant;④现在分词短语作状语:Usingalaptop等。Ⅰ.单词荟萃1..criterionn.(pl.criteria)(评判的)标准;尺度2.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别→distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的→distinguishableadj.易分辨的;能区分的3.mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→mercyn.宽大;仁慈→mercilessadj.残忍的;无情的4.productn.产品→productionn.生产;制造;制作→producern.生产商;制造商;产地5.abruptadj.突然的;意外的→abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地6.convenientadj.便利的;方便的;就近的→conveniencen.方便;便利→convenientlyadv.便利地;方便地7.cautionn.小心;谨慎→cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.小心地;谨慎地8.expectationn.预料;期待;期望→expectvt.期待;期望;指望→unexpectedadj.想不到的;意外的→unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地9.passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的→activeadj.(反义词)积极的;活跃的;主动的10.merryadj.愉快的;高兴的→merrilyadv.高兴地;愉快地11.recognitionn.认出;认可;承认→recognizevt.认出,识别;承认12.freezingadj.冰冻的;严寒的→freezev.冰冻→frozenadj.冷冻的13.identificationn.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明→identifyvt.确定;识别→identityn.身份;同一性,一致14.innocentadj.清白的;无罪的;天真的→innocencen.天真;清白15.occasionallyadv.偶然地;不时地→occasionaladj.偶然的;临时的;特殊场合的→occasionn.时机,机会;场合16.invaluableadj.无价的;极宝贵的→valuableadj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的→valuevt.评价;重视;估价n.值;价值;价格;重要性17.associatevt.联想;联系n.同伴;伙伴→associatedadj.关联的;联合的→associationn.协会;联合;联想18.practicaladj.实际的;实践的;实用的→practisev.实行;实习n.练习;实践19.extensionn.电话分机;扩大;延伸→extendvi.&vt.延伸;扩大;伸展20.competencen.能力;胜任;本领→competentadj.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的Ⅱ.短语检测1.callup给……打电话2.nowandthen偶尔;有时3.setabout开始;着手4.withcaution小心翼翼地5.getridof除掉6.decideon决定7.diveinto迅速把手伸入;一心投入8.setouttodosth.开始做某事9.hangup不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住10.outoforder次序颠倒;发生故障11.getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过12.ringback回复电话13.ringoff挂断电话Ⅲ.佳句再现1.thereseemstobe…好像/似乎有……ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,but_________(看来只有)powdersdesignedtokillsnakes.2.“only+状语从句”引起的倒装Onlyafteryouhavehadthat

recognition_______________(你才可以说)thatyouaretrulyaninventor.3.“being+adj.”表示原因_______________(由于具有良好的稳定性),ithasprovedinvaluableinthedesignofbridges.4.It'samatterof…这是……的问题Now_______________(只是)waitingandhoping.5.祈使句+and/or+陈述句_______________(跟随它),exploreallaroundit,_______________beforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.答案：1.thereonlyseemedtobe2.canyousay3.Beingverystable4.it'samatterof5.Followitup;and【巧学助记】构词法记忆•动词后缀-en用于形容词后,表示“使成为、使变成……”①brightadj.明亮的,鲜明的;聪明的;愉快的→brightenvt.使更愉快;使更有希望②sharpadj.锋利的;尖锐的→sharpenvt.削尖;使锐利③weakadj.柔弱的,虚弱的→weakenvt.衰减,(使)削弱④softadj.软的,柔软的;→softenvt.减轻,(使)温和规律记忆•接打电话的常用动词短语①call/ring/phonesb(up)给……打电话makeaphone/telephonecalltosb给……打电话②pickupthetelephone接电话③answerthephone回电话call/ringback回电话returnone'scall回电话④ringoff挂断电话hangon不挂断;稍等getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)单词点睛●1distinguishvt.&vi.(tosee,hear,recognize,understandwellthedifference)显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别(1)distinguish…from…把……与……区分开来distinguishbetweenAandB区分A与B(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的;杰出的;著名的【活学活用】(1)Everyman'slifeendsthesameway.Itisonlythedetailsofhowhelivedandhowhediedthatdistinguishonemanfromanother.每个人的生命结局都是一样的。彼此的差异只在于是怎样生活、又是怎样死的这些细节上面。(2)Researchsuggeststhatbabieslearntoseebydistinguishingbetweenareasoflightanddark.研究表明,婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。(3)Overthenextfewyearshedistinguishedhimselfas(=_______________)aleadingscholar.在接下来的几年里,他作为一名杰出的学者而声名远扬。(4)语法填空。①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesit_______________allotherartforms.②TheTownHallcompletedinthe1800swasthemost_______________(distinguish)buildingatthattime.③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave_____________(distinguish)rightfromwrong.答案：(3)wasdistinguishedas(4)①from②distinguished③distinguishing●2convenientadj.(suitedtoone'sneedsortothesituation;notcausinganydifficulty)便利的,方便的;就近的(1)Itisconvenientforsb。todosth.做某事对某人来说是方便的。(2)conveniencen.方便,便利;适宜;省事atone'sconvenience在某人方便的时候;在适宜某人的地方forconvenience为了方便[温馨提示]convenient的意思是“使人感到方便的”,不是“(自己)感到方便的”,因此只能用物或事作主语,而不能用人作主语。如:[误]Pleasecometoseeuswhenyouareconvenient.[正]Pleasecometoseeuswhenitisconvenientforyou.【活学活用】(1)Truefriendshipisn'taboutbeingtherewhenit'sconvenient;it'saboutbeingtherewhenit'snot.真正的朋友不仅能有福同享,还能患难与共。(2)Ithinkitmoreconvenientforyouifyousendtheboxtomyofficeaddress.我想如果你按我办公室的地址把盒子寄给我,你会更方便的。(3)Ilivejustbythemarket,and_______________(forme)togoshopping.我就住在市场旁边,买东西很方便。(4)语法填空。①Iamsorry.Iamafraiditisnotconvenient_______________metoleavethephonenumbertoyou.②Shopsthatstayopentwenty-fourhoursadayareagreat____________(convenient)tothepublic.③Themanager'sabruptresignationbroughtmuch________(convenient)totheworkofthecompany.答案：(3)it'sveryconvenient(4)①for②convenience③inconvenience●3cautionn.[U]小心;谨慎;警告(1)withcaution小心地(2)cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的becautiousabout对……小心谨慎becautioustodosth.做……小心谨慎【活学活用】(1)Thetruthisabeautifulandterriblething,andshouldthereforebetreatedwithgreatcaution.真相是一种美丽而可怕的东西,因此需要格外谨慎地对待。(2)TheteachergaveTomacautionandtoldhimnevertodoitagain.老师给了汤姆一次警告,叫他不许再那样做。(3)Thestudentsshouldbecautiousnottomakeanymistakesinspelling.学生们拼写时应非常小心,以避免发生错误。(4)语法填空。①Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalong_______________extremecaution.②Healwaysputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautious_________thembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.③Ifshehadbeeneven____________(cautious),shewouldn'thavemadethatmistake.④Shelooked____________(cautious)aroundandthenwalkedawayfromthehouse.答案：(4)①with②about③morecautious④cautiously●4expectationn.(afirmbeliefthatsth.willhappen;ahopeofgainingsth.)预料;期待;期望(1)beyond/outofexpectation出乎意料in/withexpectationof预料;期望;指望in/withtheexpectationthat…预计/期望……live/comeuptoone'sexpectations不负某人所望;达到某人期望(2)expectvt.期待;预料expect(sb.)todosth.期待(某人)做某事【活学活用】(1)Therealwinnersinlifearethepeoplewholookateverysituationwithanexpectationthattheycanmakeitworkormakeitbetter.人生真正的赢家是那些无论遇到什么情况都期待着能够做到或做得更好的人。(2)WeknowthatMarywilldowell,butshehassucceededbeyondexpectation.我们知道玛丽会做得不错,但她竟出乎意料地取得了成功。(3)Theownerofthehouseisunwillingtosellitinexpectationof(=_______________)abetterprice.房主因想要更好的价格而不愿卖掉房子。(4)语法填空。①ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwere_______________hisexpectation.②Manystudentsgraduatefromcollegeintheexpectation_______________theycansoonlandjobsinaccordancewiththeirwishes.③I'mdeterminedtogoallouttoliveuptomyparents'_______________(expect).④Ourdefeat_______________(expect)butitwasdisappointingnevertheless.(5)一句多译。①Peoplebuyahouse_______________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expectation)②Peoplebuyahouse_______________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expect)人们怀着憧憬购置房产,期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。答案：(3)expecting(4)①beyond②that③expectations④wasexpected(5)①intheexpectationthat②expectingthat●5seizevt.(totakeholdofsb./sth.suddenlyandfirmly)(突然)抓住;夺取,攻占;(引申义)抓住(机会等);理解(意思)(1)seizeholdofsth.抓住某物(2)seizetheopportunity抓住机遇,抓住机会seizetheday把握今天seizethemoment把握时机;把握此刻【活学活用】(1)Hewhoseizestherightmoment,istherightman.能把握机会的人是明智的人。(2)Sheseizedholdofthechildandpulledhimbackfromtheedgeofthecliff.她抓住那个小孩儿,把他从悬崖边缘拉了回来。(3)Takenbysurprise,thetownwasseizedbythem.因为被突然袭击,这个镇被他们攻占了。(4)Ifhe_______________ofescapingfromtheburningbuilding,hemighthavelosthislife.如果他没有抓住机会从燃烧的大楼里逃出来的话,他很可能已经丧生了。(5)语法填空。①Thepolicemanseizedhim_______________thearmandtookhimtothepolicestation.②_______________(seize)thechance,otherwiseyou'llregretit.③Herecamethedisturbingnewsthathe_______________(seize)withanillnesswhilehewaswritinghisessay.④Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyand_______________(seize)opportunitiescanonesucceed.答案：(4)hadn'tseizedthechance(5)①by②Seize③wasseized④seizing●6bearvt.(tohavetolerancefor;toendure)忍受;忍耐;负担(1)bear/stand/toleratedoing/todosth.忍受做某事putupwithsth.容忍某事(2)bear/keepsth.inmind记住某事bearaheavyburden肩负重担[温馨提示]bear意为“忍耐,忍受”时,通常与can,could连用,用于疑问句或否定句中,常见的近义词(短语)有:stand,tolerate,putupwith,endure等。【活学活用】(1)Alwaysbearinmindthatyourownresolutiontosucceedismoreimportantthananything.永远记住,你自己想要成功的决心比任何事情都重要。(2)Apaperbirdcannotstandthestrongwind,andaclayfigurinecannotbeartheheavyrain.纸鸟经不起大风吹,泥人经不住大雨淋。(3)Theicewasnotthickenough_______________ofmarchingmen.冰不够厚,承载不了行军队伍的重量。(4)Weshouldalways_______________manytrafficaccidentsarisefromdrunkdriving.我们应该牢记,很多交通事故都是由酒后驾驶造成的。答案：(3)tobeartheweight(4)bear/keepinmindthat●7associatevt.(tomakeaconnectionbetweenpeopleorthingsinyourmind)联想;联系n.(apersonconnectedwithanother,especiallyinwork;partner)伙伴;同事;同伴(1)associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把……和……联系在一起;由……联想到……beassociatedwith…和……有关associatewithsb.与某人交往或常打交道(2)associationn.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体inassociationwith…与……合伙/合作【活学活用】(1)Theearthquakesaresaidtobecloselyassociatedwithlarge-scaleicelossevents.据说地震与大规模的冰川消融有密切关系。(2)Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必须谨记永远不要和坏人打交道。(3)Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolinassociationwith(=_______________)localartists.展览是由当地艺术家和学校共同主办的。(4)语法填空。①Ialwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowers_______________mychildhood.②Weareworkingin_______________(associate)withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.③Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof_______________(associate)progresswiththefuture.④Manywords_______________(associate)withlifeintheWestareSpanishinorigin.(5)一句多译。①Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration,_____________thesafetyofthestudents.(定语从句)②Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration,_____________thesafetyofthestudents.(独立主格)我们必须把这两方面考虑进去,它们都关系到学生们的安全。答案：(3)associatedwith(4)①with②association③associating④associated(5)①bothofwhichareassociatedwith②bothofthemassociatedwith短语储存●1getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过getacross被理解;使人了解getdownto认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)getover克服geton进展,进步getin收获【活学活用】(1)Ifyougetthroughyesterday,you'llgetthroughtoday.昨天若是都过去了,那今天还有什么过不去的。(2)Ourmessagedoesn'tseemtohavegotthrough;we'vehadnoreplythoughitwassentseveraldaysago.我们的信息看来没有被收到,因为几天前就发出了,可至今还没有回音。(到达目的地)(3)ThismorningItriedtotelephoneyoubutIcouldn'tgetthrough.今天早晨我想给你打个电话,可就是打不通。[(用电话)联系上某人](4)ThebabysitterwhocomesfromtheSouthcannotgetthroughtothelittleboysinceshehasaverystrongsouthernaccent.小男孩儿听不懂那个南方来的保姆所说的话,因为她有很重的南方口音。(使被理解,使明白)(5)用get相关短语的适当形式填空。①Weallhopethathecan_______________thefreezingwinterandgetbetter.②Hehasneverreally_______________thelossofhiswife.③It'stimeyou_______________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.答案：(5)①getthrough②gotover③gotdownto●2callup给……打电话;征召(服役);唤起;使人回忆callback召回;回电话;收回处理callon/at拜访(on后跟人;at后跟地点名词)callfor要求;号召callin召集;召来;来访calloff取消callout出动;唤起;大声叫唤【活学活用】(1)Theradiostationhadanopenlineonwhichlistenerscouldcalluptodiscussvariousissues.这家电台开通了一条电话线,听众可打电话讨论各种问题。(给……打电话)(2)Yourlettercallsupthosepleasantdayswhenweworkedtogether.你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工作的快乐日子。(使回忆起)(3)Duringthewar,allyoungmen_______________tofightinthearmy,thenavyortheairforce.战争时期,所有的年轻人都被征召参加陆军、海军或空军。[征召(入伍)](4)用call相关短语的适当形式填空。①Theydecidedto_______________adoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.②Thisisaproblemthat_______________animmediatesolution.③Theboyonwatchstarted_______________whenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadto_______________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicture_______________mymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.⑥We_______________ournewneighbour'slastweek.答案：(3)werecalledup(4)①callin②callsfor③callingout④calloff⑤calls/calledup⑥calledat●3setaboutsth./doingsth.=setouttodosth.开始;着手(做)某事setout出发,起程setoff出发,动身;使爆炸setaside留出;对……不予以考虑setdown记下,写下setup建立,开办;开业;树立;造成,产生【活学活用】(1)Thateveninghesetaboutwritingareportonpollution.那天晚上,他开始着手写一篇关于污染的报告。(2)Timewaspressingandhardlyhadhearrivedinhislab_______________theexperiment.时间紧迫,他一到达实验室就开始做实验。(3)用set相关短语的适当形式填空。①We_______________discussingwhenandhowweshouldfinishthetask.②Thesoonerwe_______________it,thesoonerwe'llfinishit.③AsatraditionalwaytocelebratetheSpringFestival,_______________firecrackersiswelcomedbymostChinesepeople.④Heisusedto_______________hisimportantthoughtsinhisdiary.答案：(2)whenhesetouttodo/setaboutdoing(3)①setabout②setabout③settingoff④settingdown●4outoforder发生故障;次序颠倒outofbalance失去平衡outofcontrol失去控制outofreach够不到outoffashion过时,陈旧outofhand难以(或无法)控制outofshape变形outoftouch不接触outofplace不合适的,不协调的outofbreath上气不接下气【活学活用】(1)Theelevatortosuccessisoutoforder.You'llhavetousethestairs—onestepatatime.通往成功的电梯坏了,你需要一步一步爬楼梯。(2)Mypapersandbooksgotoutoforder.Imusthavethemallcarefullyarranged.我的文件和书籍被弄乱了,我得认真整理一下。(3)用以上短语填空。①Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadly_______________.②Wetriedinvaintoreachyoulastnight.Isyourphone_______________?③Afterrunningforamileyesterday,Iwasalmost_______________,notfeelingbad,though.④Itwas_______________towearT-shirtsatsuchaformalparty.答案：(3)①outofshape②outoforder③outofbreath④outofplace句型透视●1Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。句型公式祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句【句式点拨】本句是“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,and之后的句子相当于主句,所以用一般将来时。在该句型中,祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。[温馨提示]此句型容易和分词作状语混淆,试比较:(1)Followtheroadroundtotherightandyou'llfindhishouse.(祈使句)(2)Followingtheroadroundtotheright,shefoundhishouse.(分词作状语)【活学活用】(1)Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit.尝尝这种果汁,也许你会喜欢的。(2)Itisreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep,andthebabywillfallintothewell.真是太危险了。再多迈一步,这个孩子就掉进井里了。(3)CallmetomorrowandI'llletyouknowthelabresult.明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。(4)Gotherequicklyorelse/otherwiseyouwillnotbebackintime.你必须快点去那儿,否则你就不能及时返回了。(5)语法填空。①Givemeachance,_______________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.②Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome,_______________wemightbeout.③_______________(follow)theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.④____