英语写作1Introduction-and-课件

EnglishWriting1

IntroductiontotheCourseI.教学内容纲要：

英语写作，作为英语学习中的技能之一，与其他技能有着不可分的联系，与其他各项技能又有很大的区别。学生在正式学习英语写作之前，虽然已经具备了一定的语言基础，却没有受过严格意义上的写作训练，因此，大学英语专业的写作教学应从头开始。英语写作课的教学内容主要有：文稿格式，选词，句子种类，句子典型错误，段落，摘要与读书报告，应用文写作，及四种文体写作。Basicknowledgeaboutwriting:Mechanics/ManuscriptformatDictionSentencetypesTypicalsentencemistakesParagraphandwholecompositionSummaryandbookreportFourtypesofwriting:DescriptionNarrationExpositionArgumentationPracticalwriting:NoticeandnoteLetterwritingII.英语专业四级考试(TEM4)写作大纲：

英语专业四级考试共有六项（听写，听力理解，完型填空，语法词汇和阅读，写作），写作占25%。1.测试要求：a.作文(15%)要求根据所出的题目和列出的提纲或图表、数字统计表等（也附有写作提纲）写一篇200字左右的短文，能做到内容切题完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。时间35分钟。作文题目主要属于叙述文，说明文，议论文的范围。

b.便条(10%)便条要求根据提示写大约50~60词的通知、便条、请柬等,要求格式正确，语言得体。（10分钟）2.测试目的：按照教学大纲要求测试学生在基础阶段末期用英语书面表达的能力。III.评分标准1.思想内容（50%）：观点清楚，前后无矛盾，并有充分恰当的例子说明自己的观点．2.组织结构（10%）：细节安排有条理，叙述层次清楚，段落之间联系自然，句子连贯。3.语言（40%）：（a） 语法（20%）：没有句子结构上的重大错误，拼写、标点、大小写等正确，引用原文适度，不超过作者文章的10%。（b） 用词（15%）：用词，包括习惯用语正确恰当。（c） 得体（5%）：语言得体，语气恰当，以理服人，有说服力。IV.参考书目1.《英语写作手册》，丁往道主编；2.《英语写作技巧新编》，汪福祥主编；3.《北大英文写作教程》，DinaM.Coffman主编；4.《大学英语写作教程》，麻保金主编。FullattendanceActiveparticipationWell-doneassignmentsEagertopracticewriting平时成绩（30％）+期末考试(70%)ImportanceofEnglishWritingFrancisBaconsaid,

“Readingmakeafullman;

阅读使人充实，conferenceareadyman,

交谈使人机智，andwritinganexactman.”

写作使人精确。

Whywritingisimportanttous?1.WritingisabasicrequirementforEnglishmajors.2.Writingisawaytoevaluateourlanguageproficiency.3.WritingcanstrengthenourabilitiesinreadingcomprehensionandoralEnglish.4.Goodwritingcanleadtosuccessincollegeandfuturecareerdevelopment.5.Writingsharpensandimprovesthinking,thusenrichingourpersonalgrowth.

HowtoWriteWellinEnglish1.Readingisessentialforwriting.Generally,peoplehavetwopurposesinreading:(1)obtaininginformation,(2)learningthelanguage.Inordertoimprovelanguagecompetence,weshouldpayattentiontolanguagelearningratherthantoobtaininginformation.微风习习，吹皱湖面，拂动树梢。Thebreezejustkissedthelakeandstirredthetrees.说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套，保罗可算是无师自通。Pauldoesn’tneedanylessonswhenitcomestoofficepolitics.事过境迁自会减少往日回忆的痛苦。Distancefromtheeventshouldmakethememorieslesspainful.她向他扑了过去。cf.Sherushedtohim.Shethrewherselfathim.Modelsentence：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Diligenceisthemotherofgoodluck.Hungeristhemotherofcrime.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.2.LearnidiomaticEnglish

OnebadhabitistotranslateaChinesecompositionintoEnglishsentencebysentencebecausethetwolanguageshavemanydifferencesintermsofdiction,sentencestructure,idiomsandculture.e.g.丢硬币throwacoinX

tossacoin(BE)

flipacoin(AE)赢了某人winsomebodyXwinagame

报纸上onthenewspaperXinthenewspaper有人打电话找你Somebodyiscallingyouonthephone.XYouarewantedonthephone.交通工具transportationtoolsXmeansoftransportation宜人的气氛thecomfortableatmosphereXthesoothingatmosphere感到浑身无力Xfeelnostrengthfeelwobbly3.PracticemakesperfectRobertLouisStevenson,aBritishwriterinthe19thcentury,pointedoutinhisessay“EarlyEffortsatWriting”thatgoodwritingdependsonpracticeandimitation.Stevensonsaid,“AsIwalked,mymindwasbusyfittingwhatIsawwithappropriatewords.”1）Paraphrase改写句子2）Readbooksandwritebookreports.3）Keepadiary.Thereareonlytwowaystolearntowrite:toread,toread,andtowriteandtowrite.教材介绍《英语写作手册第三版》(AHandbookWring3rded)，主编：丁往道、吴冰等，外研社版。本书是作者在总结自已几十年丰富的英语写作教学经验，研究近年国内外英语写作教学方法的基础上推出的新作。全书共分8章，分别讲解了文稿格式和标点符号，选词，造句，段落，摘要，作文，应用文以及学术论文的写作的用法。《英语写作手册(第三版)》用清晰、浅易的英语写成,宗旨是帮助学生掌握英语写作的基本知识和基本技巧,提高英语写作水平。与同类书相比,本书突出了实用和多举范例的特点,所选范文既有英、美作家的作品,又有中国学生的习作,易于学习模仿。第三版中的练习设计更加生动活泼,针对性更强。

教材介绍Arrangement1.2cmatthetop2.2cmatthebottom3.1.5cmontheleft4.1.5cmontheright

Hyphen

-Article

a/an/thePreposition

of/in/at/on…Coordinating

conjunctions

and/or/but….Infinitives

to+…Questionmark

?Quotationmark

“…”

Thefirstline(thefirstword

)ArabicnumeralsNoperiodintheendNoperiod,comma,semicolon,colon,questionmarkorexclamationinthebeginning.Studythefollowingexamples:MyFirstVisittotheGreatWallHit-and-RunAccidentsTheAnti-PovertyProgramHealthandWealth,WhichistoPrefer?BestWaystoSay“ILoveYou”AClean,Well-LightedPlaceDifferentViewsonJaneEyremyfirstvisittothegreatwallhit-and-runaccidentstheanti-povertyhealthandwealth,whichistopreferbestwaystosayIloveyouaclean,well-lightedplacedifferentviewsonJaneEyre

whereilived,andwhatilivedforaretransgeniccropssafe?well-knowndramatistsofthemingdynastyadaytorememberapproachestoteachingenglishasaforeignlanguagecriticismsontheendingofmarktwain’sadventuresofhuckleberryfinn

WhereI

Lived,andWhatI

LivedForAreTransgenicCropsSafe?Well-KnownDramatistsoftheMingDynastyA

DaytoRememberApproachestoTeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguageCriticismsontheEndingofMarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnWorddivisionGeneralprinciple:divideaccordingtoitssyllables.1.onesyllable单音节2.twoormoresyllable双音节1．移行处要用连字符号“-”，只占一个印刷符号的位置并放在该行的最后。

2．移行时一般按照音节进行，故只可在两音节之间分开，不能把一个完整的音节分写在上下两行。例如：Octo-ber（正），Octob-er（误）。

3．复合词要在构成该词的两部分之间移行。如：some-thing，bed-room等。

4．如果复合词原来就有连字符号，则就在原连字符号处分行。如：good-looking等。

5．两个不同的辅音字母在一起时，移行时前后各一个。如：cap-tain，ex-pose等。

6．当两个音节间只有一个辅音字母时，如果该辅音字母前的元音字母按重读开音节的规则发音，该辅音字母移至下一行。如：fa-ther等。但如果元音按重读闭音节的规则发音，则该辅音字母保留在上一行末尾。例如：man-age等。

7．当遇到双写辅音字母时，一般把它们分成前后各一个。例如：mat-ter等。

8．当重读音节在后面时，元音字母前的辅音字母通常移到下一行。如：po-lite等。

9．单音节词不可移行。如：length，long，dance等。

10．前缀或后缀要保持完整，不可分开写。如：unfit，disappear等。

11．阿拉伯数字不分开移行书写。

12．不论音节多少，专有名词不宜分写。例如：Nancy，Russia等。

13．缩写词、略写词或某些词的缩写形式不可移行书写。例如：U．N．（联合国），P．R．C．（中华人民共和国），isn't。

14．不能构成一个音节的词尾不分写。例如：stopped等。

15．字母组合或辅音连缀不可移行。例如：machine，meat等。WorddivisionPayattentiontotheconventionalpractices:(1)Donotputasingleletterofawordattheendoratthebeginningofaline:e·vade,perk·y,a·lone,trick·y.(2)Donotputatwo-letterendingatthebeginningofaline:dat·ed,tax·is,hat·ed,cab·in.(3)Donotmakedivisionsthatmaytemporarilymisleadthereader:re·ally,pea·cock.(4)Donotseparatepropernamesofpeopleorplaces:Chi·na,Fitz·gerald.(5)Donotdividethelastwordonapage.Instead,writethewholewordonthenextpage.(6)Dividethehyphenatedwordsonlyatthehyphen:lookers-on,mother-in-law.(7)Dividewordswithprefixesorsuffixesbetweentheprefixorthesuffixandthebasepartoftheword:re·state·ment,correct·ness.(8)Dividetwo-syllablewordswithdoubleconsonantsbetweenthetwoconsonants:strug·gle,shat·ter,set·ting.Capitalization

1.propernames2.keywordsintitles3.thefirstwordsofsentencesCapitalization(1)Thetitlesofnewspapers,magazines,books,stories,poems,essays,songs,showsandartworks:ATaleofTwoCitiesLoveStoryChinaDailyReader’sDigest(2)Thetitlessuchasmayor,doctor,general,senator,president,judge,professor:MayorHastingsDr.BrownPresidentBushProfessorAdamIsthedoctoronvacation?Theprofessorannouncedthat…(3)Thetitlesdenotingfamilyrelationship:SisterCarryUncleLeiFengGrandmotherLiUncleTomMotherGooseFatheraskedMothertocallhimupthenextmorning.

myfather(4)Days,monthsandcelebrations:FridayJulyNationalDaytheSpringFestival

(5) Continents,countries,states,provinces,cities,streets,oceans,rivers,lakes,mountains,parks,andsoon.Forexample:Asia,China,Zhejiang,Hangzhou,Mount.Tai(6) Areasanddirections:tosailwestgototheWestHegrewupintheMidwestandmovedtotheSouthtolookforabetterjob.(7) Historicaloccurrences,namesandwritings:BostonTeaPartytheAmericanDeclarationofIndependencetheGreatOctoberSocialistRevolution

(8)Religion,races,nationality:God,theBibleBuddha,Buddhistscripture,Asian,African(9)Buildingsandorganizations:theGreatHallofthePeople,theMinistryofEducation(10)Schoolingthings:apropernounforadefiniteschool,adepartmentandaclass.BeijingUniversityEnglishDepartment

(Languagesarealwayscapitalized:)English,Chinese

(Othersubjectsarenotcapitalized:)math,history,andphysics.

(Capitalizethesubjectswhenspecificcoursesaremeant:)theHistoryoftheChineseCommunistParty,ExtensiveReading,Writing,Listening.Note

Thecomma(,)Theperiod(.)Thesemicolon(;)Thecolon(:)Thequestionmark(?)Theexclamationmark(!)Quotationmark(“”)singleqtnmark(‘

’)Parentheses/brackets(())Squarebrackets(【】)Braces({})Thedash(-)

1.Neverbeginwithacomma(,),aperiod(.),acolon(:),aquestionmark(?),anexlamationmark(!)2.Neverendswith【

“(-

Acommaisusedtojoinclauses.Itisputbeforetheconjunction(and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet)2.Acommaisusedafteranadverbialclauseorphrase.3.Commasareusedtoseparateaseriesofwordsorphraseswiththesamefunctioninthesentence.

4.NonrestrictiveclausesandphrasesareSetoffbycommas.5.Commassetoffparentheticalelements.6.Indates,acommaisusedtoseparatethedayandtheyeariftheorderismonth-day-year,nocommaneedbeusedIftheorderisday-month-year.

7.Numbers1,253,90053,807,214

Declarativesentence,amildlyimperativesentence,andanindirectquestion2.Abbreviations3.Ellipsismark…‘apostrophe省略号；所有格符号

...ellipsis省略号

¨tandemcolon双点号

"ditto同上

‖parallel双线号

／virgule斜线号\就是backslash,

＆ampersand=and

～swungdash代字号

§section;division分节号

→arrow箭号；参见号

＋plus加号；正号

－minus减号；负号±plusorminus正负号

×ismultipliedby乘号

÷isdividedby除号

＝isequalto等于号

≠isnotequalto不等于号∵since;because因为

∴hence所以

∷equals,as(proportion)等于，成比例

∑(sigma)summationof总和

°degree度

′minute分

″second秒

＃number…号

℃Celsiussystem摄氏度

＠at单价

《》Frenchquotes法文引号；书名号

"."在北美是称period,但在英联邦中是称fullstop,只有在网址电邮址中才称dot

"_"是下划线underline(英式)underscore(美式)

′minute分或foot英呎

″second秒或inch英吋

oneandahalfcentimetersLeavealittlespace(oneletter)afteracommaandaslightlybiggerspace(2letters)afteraperiod.Whenyouwanttocrossoutaword,don’tusebracketstoencloseit,butdrawathicklineacrossit.Howtoaddaword?Writeitabove,notbelow.

mostamericanpeoplearefondofcatsandordogsitissaidthateveryyeartheyspendabout$5.4billionontheirpetsincluding$1.5billiononpetfoodfourtimestheamountofmoneytheyspendonbabyfoodnowthereareabout100milliondogsandcatsinthecountrythenumberisstillgoinguprapidlysince12500puppiesareborneveryhour

MostAmericanpeoplearefondofcatsand/ordogs.

Itissaidthateveryyeartheyspendabout$5.4billionontheirpets,including$1.5billiononpetfoodfourtimestheamountofmoneytheyspendonbabyfood.

Nowthereareabout100milliondogsandcatsinthecountry;thenumberisstillgoinguprapidlysince12500puppiesareborneveryhour.Answerstotask2

2.its745ontuesdaymorningand26yearoldsteveclerksonisgoingtoworkheputsonhisjacketandpicksuphiscellphonepaperandlaptopasheleavesthehouseheturnsonhismp3playerandputonhisheadphonesheisreadytogo

2.It’s7:45onTuesdaymorningand26-year-oldSteveClerksonisgoingtowork.

Heputsonhisjacketandpicksuphiscellphone,paper,andlaptop.

Asheleavesthehouse,heturnsonhisMP3playerandputonhisheadphones.

Heisreadytogo.Answerstotask2Note-writing

大纲：便条要求根据提示写大约50~60词的通知、便条、请柬等，要求格式正确，语言得体。写作时间10分钟，分值10分。便条种类：1．邀请invitation2．回复reply3．留言messageleft4．感谢thanks5．慰问consolation6．建议suggestion7．祝贺congratulations8．道歉apology9．询问inquiry10．启事noticeFormat:

Aug.29

(Date)Dear…,(Salutation)……………………………………(Body)………………………………

Yoursever,

(Complementaryclose)

Daphne

(Signature)

1.

Date:month+dateJanuary1(or:January1st),or:Jan.1February2(or:February2nd),or:Feb.2March3(or:March3rd),noshortformApril4(or:April4th),noshortformMay5(or:May5th),noshortformJune6(or:June6th),noshortformJuly7(or:July7th),noshortformAugust8(or:August8th),orAug.8September9(or:September9th),or:Sept.9or:Sep.9October10(or:October10th),or:Oct.10November11(or:November11th),or:Nov.11December12(or:December12th),orDec.12

2.

Salutation:DearMr.,DearMiss,DearMrs.,DearMs.,DearProf.,DearDoc.,DearSirorMadam,DearDavid,3.

Body(50-60words):Asrequired.4.ComplementaryClose:Yours,Sincerely(yours),Yourstu