英语四级考试模拟题

统一模拟冲刺试卷COLLEGEENGLISH—BandFour一、将自己的校名、、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上。将本试卷代号划在答题卡11和答题卡2均不得带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。三、仔细读懂题目的说明。四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。考生按指令在接着的30分钟内完成理解部分分的试题。全部答题时间为130分钟，不得拖延时间。六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。选定答案后，用HB-2B浓度[A][B][C][D]。八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案。若被他人，一经发现，自负Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanotetoexpressyourapologytooneofyourroommatesforbeingunabletoattendhisorherbirthdaypartyforsomereasons.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意:此部分试题请在1上作答Part Listening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondinglet-teronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA)AttendaconferenceonReporthimselftotheDoapresentationonDeliveraspeechattheA)Shewasattractedbytheprofessor’sShefellillallofaShewassuspiciousoftheShefiledacomintagainstoneflightQuestions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA) B)C) D)A)Takean B)StartoffearlyfromwhereveryouC)Becarefulofwild D)HireamotorQuestions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsA)SugarLoad B)TheStatueofJesusC)Beautiful D)AncientA)Haveabustouraroundthe B)SwiminGuanabaraC)Climblovely D)AttendaA)Keeptotherightsideon B)AvoidcrowdedC)Becarefulwiththeir D)DonatealittlemoneytotheSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversa-tion,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondinglet-teronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.ConversationQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)OnlineshopesanewmodeofOnlineshopbringsmoreharmthanOnlineshopquickenspeople’spaceofOnlineshopcausespsychologicalproblemsforwomanA)RestrainingcrazeforonlineshopSettingupasecureuserProtectingsensitivefinancialInvestingmoneyformoreA)AspecialsymbolintheaddressAlargenumberofwebsiteAninterestingwebAnattractiveA) wirelessInternetworksveryBecauseit’snotallowedtochatwithfriendsinpublicBecauseyou’lldisturbothersifyoudopurchasesBecausecriminalsmayhackinto ConversationQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ImprovingdrivingskillsinCominingabouttheharmcausedbycellMakingphonecallswhileReleasingheavypressureatA)TohaveapositiveworldTolearnhowtousecellphoneTofocusfullyontheroadToacquiremuchknowledgeaboutA)Aspeakerphone B)AninstalledmountedC)Amultitaskingsmart D)AnautonomousA)Stopusinghiscell B)SwitchoffhisC)Callthefor D)UsethespeeddialSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItembodiestheessenceoftheoriginalItistoocomplicatedtobeeasilyItsetsabadexampleforthefollow-upItisfilled andactionA)HehadsomeflawsinhisHeappearedtobesimpleandhonestintheHeknewhowtocommunicatewiththeHealwayswantedto ctwiththeaudience A)ItdragsinatiringItisimpressivetoaItsoundsmoodyandItseemstoberatherPassageQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA) B)C)Religious D)FamilyA)ItmaynotneedtheconsentofthebrideortheItdidnotalwaysturnouttobeItwouldrequirethematchingofthebirthdatesoftheItcouldn’tadmitofdivorceinthelaterA)TosetasuitabledatefortheToshowoffthegroom’swealthtothebride’sToreachanagreementbetweenthetwofamiliesTogivethecouplechancestohaveanintimatePassageQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HebecameafamilymanafterthebirthofHemarriedwhenhewasveryHewasamusicloverinsomeHelovedMichaeltheA)In B)InC)In D)InA)Disco B)StreetC)Country D)Rhythmand y B)SomewhatC)Asgoodashis Part Reading (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingDogs’senseofsightistotallyadequatefortheirneeds,buttheydonotseeinthesamewaywedo.Humansrelyontheirsighttogaininformationabouttheirworldandourlargebrains26thisbyprovidingplentyofspaceforourvisualperceptionstobe27.Beforegoingintothedifferencesbetweenthemandus,let’salsolookatsize.The28adultviewstheworldfromavantagepointoffivefeetorhigher.TheworldviewofaseveninchChihuahua(吉娃娃犬)isgoingtolookverydifferent.Theonlywayto29thisistogetdownonthegroundtoseewhattheysee.Theirworldmightbelowtothegroundbutmanysmalldogshaveafieldofvision30thanhumans.Humansseeabout180degreesaroundthem,meaningwecansee31outtooursides.Dogscanseeupto250degreesdependingonwheretheireyesare32.Dogswhohaveeyesfarthertothesideoftheirfaceswillhaveawiderfieldofsightthanthosedogswhoseeyesarelocatedatthe33oftheirface.Dogscanseeslightlybetterthan canduringthenight,butweseebetter34.Dogscanseebetteratnightbecausetheyhaveastructurecalledthetapetumlucidum(光神经纤维层),whichisareflectivelayerofcellsbehindtheretina.Thisstructureprovidesthe35shinyeyesseenwhenyoupointaflashlightatyourdog’seyesatnighttime.注意:此部分试题请在2SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PhysicalEducation,Sports,andtheBlindSometimethispastyearourNFB(TheNationalFederationoftheBlind)officereceivedaletterfromajuniorhighphysicaleducationteacher.Thisteacherwasgettingablindstudentinhisclassandhewantedsomeinformationandguidance.Hehadalreadyidentifiedsomesportsandactivitiesinwhichhebelievedthestudentcouldparticipateandcompete.Itwasobviousthathehadthoughtagreatdealaboutit,andtrulywantedtheblindstudenttobene-fitfromhisphysicaleducationclass.Hethenmadeacommenttotheeffectthathedidnotfeelthatablindstudentwouldeverusesuchskillsasthoseneededforvolleyball,soccer,basketball,Atfirst,thisseemsprettylogical.Orisit?BelowaresomecommentsImadeinresponsetothisletter,andsomesuggestionsfromanexpertinthisfieldinrespecttotrainingblindchil-dreninngsports.Myimpressionisthatyouhaveagoodattitudeandapproachtowardworkingwithablindstudent.I’msureyouarekeehimbusylearningandthatyouarefindingwaysforhimtoparticipateconstructivelyinclassactivities.Myonlysuggestionisthatyoudofindwaystoinvolveyourstudentinthesportsofvolley-ball,basketball,soccer,football,etc.Iagreethatthesearenotsportsinwhichheislikelytocompeteorexcel,butIdobelievethatexperiencewiththemwouldbehighlybeneficial.Forexample,manyblindpeopleareenthusiasticsportsfans,andtheirappreciationofapar-ticularsportisenhanced—likeanyoneelse—byexperiencewiththesport.Then,too,sportsareafavoritetopicamongteenagers,andachildthatdoesn’tknowmuchaboutapopularsportisoftenleftoutofhispeergroup’sconversationsandactivities.Althoughablindstudentisneverlikelytobeabletomakeacareeroutofyinganyofthesesports,heorshecouldgetintocareerswherethoroughknowledgeofthesesportsisrequired.Sportswritersandsportsnewscastersaretwoobviousexamples.Manytimesblindsarecutofffromcertaincareeropportunitiesbecausetheyhavenothadenoughlifeexperiencesinaparticulararea.SportsisagoodTheaverageblindstudentcanexpect,likeanyoneelse,tosomedaygetmarriedandhavechildren.Ablindfatherormotherwillwanttobeable,justlikesightedparents,tohelptheirchildrenlearnabout,andenjoysportsCatchingaball,battingaballmakingadunkshot(灌篮),dribbling(带球)asoccerball,andmakingafootballpassareallthekindsofthingsparentsmayteachachild.Blindparents,iftheylearnedhowtodothesethingswhentheywerechildren,coulddoittoo.Blindpeopledon’thavetobeabletoycompetitivelyinordertoshowtheirchildhowtoholdandthrowafootball,orhowtodribbleabasketball,orhowtoswingabat.Ofcourse,notallparentsdothesethings.Manyaresimplynotinterestedinsports.Butitisonethingtochoosenottoparticipate,andanothertobenevergiventhechancetotry.Someonewhocouldgiveyoupracticalsuggestionsonapproachesandtechniquesinwork-ingwithablindstudentinphysicaleducationisMr.AllenHarris.Mr.HarrisisablindteacherandcoachinaregularpublicschoolinMichigan.Hehassuccessfullycoachedsightedchildreninregularswimmingandwrestlingclasses.Histeamshavebeengoodenoughtowinintopstatecompetitions.Hisownexperiencesasablindchildlearningsportsaswellashisbackgroundincoachingasanadultmakehimuniquelyqualifiedtospeaktoissuesdealingwiththephysicaleducationofblindstudents.HarrisandIareworkingonanumberofprojectsInsportsandotherphysicalactivities(notunlikemanyareasrelatedtoeducationofblindandvisuallyimpairedchildren),Harristhinks,wesimplyhaveoperatedondifferentexpec-tationsbasedonattitudesandnotionsaboutblindness.Ifchildrenwhoareblindarenoten-couragedandgiventhesameopportunitiesintheearlydevelopmentalyears,it essothattheydon’tdevelopthesameinterestsbecausetheydidn’thavethesameopportunities.Itisaself-fulfillingprophecy.Youhaveblindpeoplewhoareawkward,whodon’thavephysicalstrength,interestinsports,orabilityinphysicalactivitiesbecausenoonebelievedtheycoulddothesethings.Then,peopleseetheseadultsandsay,“Well,that’sjustthewayblindpeopleare.Youcan’texpectthemtobeveryphysical.”Harrisalwayssaysthatblindchildrensimplyneedtheopportunitytobeencouragedandtohavehands-onexperiencesrelatedtosports,torecreation,andtophysicaleducation.Ithinkthatthatcanbeprovidedalmostroutinelyifwerealizethatwecannottakelearningforgranted.Sightedchildrenpickupmanyskillsvisuallythathavenothingtodowithvisionintermsofperformance.Forexample,throwingaball.Asightedyoungsterwillobserveothersthrowingaball.Thatwillgivethatyoungstera“legup”intermsofwhat“throwingaball”means.Thephysicalactofthrowingtheballhasnothingtodowithseeingit,butvi-sioncanstimulateaninterestinitaswellassomebasicunderstandingofhowitisdone.Howdoesablindchildlearnit?AccordingtoHarris,weneedtoworkwiththatchildtoun-derstandthemotionofthrowingaball,whattheobjectis,thepositionofthearm,howtoholdtheball,andsuchlike.Ithinkthat’sthekindofthingthatreallymattersandIthinkthatitisnotacomplicatedidea.Itissomething,however,thatweoverlook.Ifwestopoverlook-ingit,Ithinkwewillseeavastdifferenceinthephysicaldevelopmentofblindandvisuallyimpairedyoungsters.Ihadsomeparentsjustrecentlythatcametomeandsaid,“OK,wewanttodothosethingsthatwillallowouryoungsterstodevelopphysically.Whatshouldwedo?”Wewalkedthelengthofafootballfield.Wetalkedaboutitbeingarectanglewhichis50yardsby100yardsdividedintofiveandtenyardgradations.Wewalkedit,talkedaboutit,drewitinthesand.Wetalkedabouttheliningupandwhatyoudoonceyougetonthefield.Thosearethethingswedid.Itwasroutineinformationanditdidn’trequireanyspeciallytrainedprofessionaltoteachit.Buttheparentsweresurprised.Theyhadassumedwhentheycametomethattheydidn’thavetheabilitytodoit.Theywerelookingforaspecializedprogramthatwouldshowthemortheirkidswhattodo.Theywentaway,understandingthatthereisinformationwhichweusuallyexpectkidstopickupvisually.Ifwetakethetimetomakesurethatourblindkidsgetthatinformation,too,thenwecanexpectthemtohaveanormalphysicaldevelopment.Ifblindchildrenlearnhowtodosportsintheirchildhood,theywillbeabletoteachtheirkidstoysimpleballgameswhentheygrowuptobeparents.Whileablindstudentcanneverbeabletomakealivingoutofyingsports,heorshemighttakeupsuchajobrelatedtosportsasasportswriterorasportsbroadcaster.Manyparentsmaynottakeaninterestinsports,buttheyshouldbegiventhechancetotryinngsports,inparticularwhentheyareveryyoung.Toteachblindchildrenaboutfootball,parentscanonlytakesomesimplesteps,suchastalkingtothemabouttheshapeofthefootballcourt,ortherulesforyingfootball.Mr.AllenHarrisisacompetentcoachinthephysicaleducationofblindstudent,andhehimselfisblindsincechildhood.AccordingtoHarris,thoughvisuallyimpaired,blindchildrenareentitledtotheopportuni-tiestobeencouragedandtotrysomesportsbythemselves.Experiencewithaparticularsportscanhelpablindchildalotinfindingfriendshipinhispeerssharingthesamehobby.IntheeyesofHarris,ifblindchildrenarenotencouragedtodosportsintheirearlyyears,theywillnotdeveloptheirinterestinsportsinlateryears.Teachersaresupposedtofindwaystogetblindchildreninvolvedinsportsthoughtheyarenotlikelytohavechancetoysportscompetitivelyinthefuture.Peopleusuallywronglybelievethatblindpeopleareallawkward,havelittleinterestinsports,oraresimplynotborntotakepartinphysicalactivities.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingWearesittinginanera,wherewearetalkingaboutcarsthatwilldrivebyitself,ysetrafficandtakeeverydecisionwithoutorwithminimumhumanintervention.Sensorswillyakeyroleindecidingthefateofdriverlesscars.Simplyknowingwheretheroadsareisn’tenoughforaroboticcar—itneedstobeabletodetectandavoidobstacleslikeothercarsandthesignificantlylessimpact-resistant(抗冲击的)pedestriansandcyclists.Acentralcontrollerthatusesalgorithms(算法)toprocessthesensordataandconvertintovehicleactionsislikelytoformtheoperatingsystemor“brain”oftheself-drivingvehi-cles.Expertsbelievethattherewillbevariouskindsofsensorsinsideadriverlesscar.Forexample,therewillbesensorstodeterminesignals,todeterminedistancefromothervehiclesonroadandadjustspeedaccordinglyandalotmoretohelpthecartakedecisionsonitsown.Atruedriverlesscarhastobe100%humanmimicbraintobesuccessfulinassuringZEROfatalitiesonroads.Humanbrainisconsideredasmostsophisticatedmachinewhichcantakeinasplitseconddecisioninunpredictablecrisissituations.Infact,mostofthetechnologyneededforsuchavehiclealreadyexists.It’sjustamatterofputtingitalltogether,gettingthelegislationincetodealwithitandthenpersuadingthepublictoaccepttheideaof“driver-less”motoring.Driversmakesplit-seconddecisionsbasedoninstinctandalimitedviewofthedangersaroundthem.Thecarsofthefuture—thosethatcandrivethemselvesthankstoanarrayofsensorsandcomputingpower—willhavenear-perfectperceptionandreactbasedonpre-programmedlogic.Whilecarsthatdomostorevenallofthedrivingmaybemuchsafer,accidentshappen.Apartfromsafedrivingvehiclesonemorethingsthatrequiresadebateisliability(责任)dur-ingaccidents.Thisisanareawheretheentireworldneedstohaveaconsistentframeworkontrafficregulationaroundautomationdriving.WhatcanwelearnaboutsensorsinadriverlessTheycanworkwithoutanyhumanTheyareintegralpartsofacomplexmechanismforoperatingtheTheycouldrecognizethetrafficlightsveryTheymaypreventaself-drivingcarefromrunningbeyondspeedInorderforadriverlesscartoavoidaccidents,it’snecessarythat carmanufacturerscreateasmartbrainforthescientistsproducemorereliableadoptnewwaystocontroltheflowoftrafficengineersdesignpowerfulcomputerstoprocessdataaboutroadAccordingtothetext,thecarsofthefuture couldmakequickerreactiontocrisissituationsthanhumanmayhaveanaccurateperceptionofpotentialdangersonthemightdrivemuchsafereveninheavytrafficthanhumancanensurezerofatalitiesunderwhateverroadInrespecttoautonomousdriving,there’sacontroversyover howself-drivingcarscanrunontheroadtogetherwithpedestriansandwhatmightbedonetocreateasaferoadwhoshouldtaketheresponsibilitiesforpossiblewhendriverlesscarscouldmakedecisionsforWhatmighttheauthorwanttowritefollowingtheThenecessityofpromotingtheconceptofadriverlessThedeclineoftraditionalThesignificanceofcarspoweredbygreenTheadvancesindesigningpowerfulcarPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingAhighschoolstudentwithperfectSATscoresandnineAdvancedcementcoursesunderhisbeltshouldhavehispickofcolleges,right?IfthestudentinquestionisAsian,notnecessarily.TaketheAsian-Americandynamo(精力充沛的人)withtheseverycredentialsdeniedadmissiontoPrinceton,Harvard,Stanford,andMIT.ThestudentfiledalawsuitagainstYalein2006allegingthattheprestigiousuniversityrejectedhimbecauseofhisrace,theBos-tonGlobereports.Althoughthatsuithasyettobesettled,anincreasingnumberofAsianAmericanssaythatadmissionsofficersatthenation’smosteliteuniversitieshavewhat’sbeendubbedan“Asianceiling.”ThispreventstheAsianpopulationofthestudentbodyfromex-ceeding20percent.AtHarvard,forexample,thenumberofAsianstudentshasremainedrelativelystaticoverthepastfiveyears,accordingtotheGlobe.AsianAmericanscompose17.8percentofstudentsHarvardadmittedlastmonth,upjustthreepercentfromadecadeago.Butthedemographics(人口统计)oftheUniversityofCaliforniaindicatethatAsianstu-dentsshouldmakeupfarmoreofthestudentbodyatprestigiousuniversitiesnationwide.Why?Because14yearsago,ameasureknownasProposition209wentintoeffectinCaliforniawhichputanendtorace-basedadmissions.Today,Asian-Americanstudentsmakeup40per-centofthestudentbodya