2017江苏卷高考真题

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）

英语试题第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever答案是B。.ManyChinesebrands,theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.A.havingdeveloped B.beingdeveloped C.developed D.developing.notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.Wereit C.Itwas D.Wasit.LocatedtheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.A.why B.when C.which D.where.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,whichbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickensstatusasaleadingnovelist.A.is B.are C.was D.were.WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasthebestinherasadoctor.A.heldout B.broughtout C.pickedout D.givenout.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.A.that B.which C.what D.how.Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe.A.wasbeingfollowed B.wasfollowingC.hadbeenfollowed D.followed1/1428.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A.which B.its C.whose D.whom29.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJob«death,smart-phonesdefeatedPCsinsales.A.controversial B.contradictoryC.confidential D.conventional.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpyouryearahead.A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen.He’sbeeninformedthatheforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.A.hasn,tqualified B.hadn,tqualifiedC.doesn,tqualify D.wasn,tqualifying.Determiningwhereweareoursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrastto B.indefenseofC.infaceof D.inrelationto.—WhatdoesthestuffonyourT-shirtmean?—It’snothing.Justsomething.A.asclearasdayB.offthetopofmyheadC.undermynoseD.beyondmywildestdreams.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butexplanationsarehardtofind.A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent.—GoingtowatchtheWomen'sVolleyballMatchonWednesday?—!Willyougowithme?A.Youthere B.Youbet2/14C.Yougotme D.Youknowbetter第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ForalongtimeGabrieldidn,twanttobeinvolvedinmusicatall.Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents.36acrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases.37atschoolforpracticehours38anyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselfto39music,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.__40,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwas__41__ofhisschool,sstandardcurriculum,hewasplayingidly（随意地）onthepianoandfoundit42topickouttunes.Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthatheactually__43__doingit.Hetriedtohidehis__44__pleasurefromthemusicteacher,whohad__45__overtolisten.Hemightnothavedonethisparticularlywell,__46__theteachertoldGabrielthathehadagood47__andsuggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstore-roomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthere__48__him.Therehedecidedtogivethecello（大提琴）a__49__.Whenhebeganpracticing,hetookitvery__50__.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas__51__topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.This__52__,ofcourse,thathearrivedatschoolearlyinthemorning,__53__hisheavyinstrumentcaseacrossthecampustothe__54__looksofthenon-musicianshehadleft__55__.36.A.travellingB.marchingC.pacingD.struggling37.A.risingupB.comingupC.drivingupD.turningup38.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.since39.A.betrayB.acceptC.avoidD.appreciate40.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThusD.Moreover41.A.partB.natureC.basisD.spirit42.A.complicatedB.safeC.confusingD.easy43.A.missedB.dislikedC.enjoyedD.denied44.A.transparentB.obviousC.falseD.similar45.A.runB.joggedC.jumpedD.wandered3/14

46.A.becauseB.butC.thoughD.so47.A.earB.tasteC.heartD.voice48.A.occurredtoB.tooktoC.appealedtoD.heldto49.A.changeB.chanceC.missionD.function50.A.seriouslyB.proudlyC.casuallyD.naturally51.A.committedB.usedC.limitedD.admitted52.A.provedB.showedC.stressedD.meant53.A.pushingB.draggingC.liftingD.rushing54.A.admiringB.pityingC.annoyingD.teasing55.A.overB.asideC.behindD.out第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACHRONOLOGICA TheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistoryDIDYOUKNOW…■■In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?.WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?■■TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime,fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens,hotairba1100ns…andmonkeysinspace.Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn,talwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears,Wardidn,tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat,thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorglum.Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaranteedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!4/14

56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothenext?A.Abiography. B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencefiction.57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.班d-fcadclFairy ,whichliveinnortherriandaa&temAuitfalia.laythreesorfcur班d-fcadclFairy ,whichliveinnortherriandaa&temAuitfalia.laythreesorfcur咫器bi-a工imEBeforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother,svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom,scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddata5/14from67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabieCbeggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom,svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological（神经系统的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality”58.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.A.betheworst B.bethebestC.betheasbad D.bejustasgood.WhatareKleindorfer，sfindingsbasedon?A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds..Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.A.canreceivequalitysignals B.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetter D.maketheloudestcallCAnewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust反垄断）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants（巨头）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnota6/14crime.Thegiants,successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview'ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并），forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets（资产）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withuserdconsent.RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon,twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon..Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?TheyhavecontrolledthedatamarketTheycollectenormousprivatedata7/14TheynolongerprovidefreeservicesTheydismissedsomenew-borngiants.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensiveGoogle,sideaispopularamongdatafirmsDatacanstrengthengiantUcontrollingpositionDatacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts63.BypayingattentiontofirmUdataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.A.killanewthreat B.avoidthesizetrapC.favourbiggerfirms D.chargehigherpricesWhatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiantCcontrolofdata?Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.DOldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarningwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO?emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno'one-sizefitsall'adaptation."Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连体）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaff8/14showpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel,sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel,sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth,sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof"100ideastosavetheplanet”.Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe,velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it,sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.9/14Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.adaptationisanever-changingprocessthecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeglobalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsadaptationtoclimatechangeischallengingWhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwarfsproject?Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?Storingiceforfutureuse.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.Changingtheirrigationtime.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.adapttocarbonpollutionplanthighlyprofitablecropsleavecarbonemissionalonefightagainstcarbonpollution10/14What,stheauthor,spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?Settingupanewstandard.Reducingcarbonemission.Adaptingtoclimatechange.Monitoringpollutingindustries.第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词・・学科&网。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。PopulationChangeWhyistheworld,spopulationgrowing?Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld/spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld/speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou'dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeople11/14

inRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend,Russia,spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia'sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry'spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.Onesolutionisobviousl