牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit2-Grammar-and-usage课件

Unit2Theenvironment

GrammarandusageVerb-ingformasanadjectiveoradverbObjectivesTogettoknowhowaverb-ingformcanbeusedasanadjectiveoradverbTolearnhowtouseaverb-ingphraseTolearntoidentifythefunctionsofaverb-ingformObservethesentencesfromthisunit.1.Thisisanamazingachievement.2.Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.3.Awood-burningstovedoesharmtotheenvironment.4.Thisdamageisfrightening.5.Weallfoundhisargumentconvincingandinteresting.6.Theystoodtalkingtoeachother.7.Havingworkedwithmanyenvironmentalconsultants,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentanddevelopmentshouldbepossibleatthesametime.8.Askingaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpriceforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.9.Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,hopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.

Verb–ing形式概念动词的–ing形式包括两种:

①现在分词:具有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语、宾补等。②动名词：具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、表语等。

现在分词的基本特点:

1.在时间上表动作正在进行。如：

adevelopingcountry发展中国家

risingsun冉冉升起的太阳。

2.在语态上表主动。如：

therulingclass统治阶级

theexploitingclass剥削阶级

主动语态被动语态V-ing一般式(与谓语动词同时发生)doingbeingdone完成式(先于谓语动词之前发生)havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词的时态和语态

语态时态Verb-ingformasanadjectivePresidentObamagaveanextremelyinterestingspeechtohisvoters.

1.theverb-ingform—usedasanattribute(1)aswimmingman(2)aswimmingpool(2)awalkingstick(1)awalkingman

=amanwhoiswalking

=astickforwalkingWhat’sthedifferencebetween(1)and(2)?小结1Verb-ing

形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。arunningmanThemanrunninginthepictureisUsainBolt.

attributeThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureUsainBolt.可转换为：Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses.TheteacherteachingusChineseisMsWang.=TheteacherwhoisteachingusChineseisMsWang.Thepeoplesittingbehindusaresoccerplayers.TheexpertcomingfromHongKongisaladycalledMsCai.=Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusaresoccerplayers.=TheexpertwhocomesfromHongKongisaladycalledMsCai.单个的verb-ing

形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；Verb-ing

短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。而且，作定语时，与现在分词的区别，动名词作定语表示名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。小结2Translatethefollowingphrases.areadingroomawashingmachineanexcitingeveninganinterestingcrosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声asleepingcarasmokingroom

listeningpractice

anopeningspeechabookingofficerunningwater卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水2.Verb-ingform—usedasanobjectcomplementIheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.Wehavethefireburningallday.小结3动词verb-ing

形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：have,keep,leave,lookat,see,watch,hear,listento,notice,find,feel等。3.Verb-ingform—usedasapredicative

动名词和现在分词都是由verb-ing构成，在句中都能作表语和定语:1.动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答what的问题；现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答how的问题。eg.①.Oneofthebestexercisesisswimming．②.Whatpleaseshimmostisbathinginthesea．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别:凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。如：

Itwasanexcitingnews.Heresting使人感兴趣的;interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的;excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的;delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的;disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的;encouraged感到鼓舞的

旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Travelingisinterestingbuttiring.如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.

他的论点很令人信服。Hisargumentisveryconvincing.1.Sixtymillionpeople_____(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Thebottle_________(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.PracticelivingcontainingFillintheblankswiththeverbsgivenusingtheirproperforms.

Practices:

3.Theman_____(sit)ontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.4.Whoisthegirl_______(walk)alongtheriver?5.Thechildren_________(practice)playingtheviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.sittingwalkingpracticing6.Themanwithsun-glasses________(stand)nearacarisadetective.7.Theoldlady______(talk)tothechildrenisafamousmusician.8.Theperson_________(translate)thesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.standingtalkingtranslating12.Youcanseethem__________(perform)everynightthisweekattheNewTheatre.13.Icouldhearthem__________(whisper)toeachotherduringthefirstpartoftheplay.14.Wewatchedthearmy_______(march)downthestreettowardsthepark.performingwhisperingmarchingAverb-inghasperfectformTaketheverbworkasanexample:

Havingworkedsidebysidewithmanyenvironmentalists,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentandstableeconomyshouldbepossibleatthesametime.

1.Shegaveheropinionaboutthenewbuilding.Thensheleftthemeeting.

Havinggivenheropinionaboutthenewbuilding,sheleftthemeeting.2.Shemadeonelastefforttoseeherhusband.Thenshereturnedhome.

Havingmadeonelastefforttoseeherhusband,shereturnedhome.Rewritethefollowingsentences.3.Iadmiredherwritingformanyyears.ThenIfinallymether.

Havingadmiredherwritingformanyyears,Ifinallymether.4.IwasinterestedintheKoorisformanyyears.ThenIdecidedtolearntheirlanguage.

HavingbeeninterestedintheKoorisformanyyears,Idecidedtolearntheirlanguage.A.Thisisalettertotheeditorofanewspaper.Completetheletterusingtheverb-ingformandthendiscusswithapartnerwhatfunctiontheverb-ingformhasineachsentence.

DearSir/Madam,____________(read)aboutyournewspaper’sdecisiontostartacampaignforprotectingtheenvironment,Idecidedtowriteyouthisletter.HavingreadThestateofourparksisvery(1)________(shock),withrubbisheverywhere.Iusedtofindatriptotheparkvery(2)_______(relax).Uponthearrivalofspring,beautifulbirdswouldsinghappilyinthepark.Ienjoythisverymuch.NowIjustfindit(3)_____(tire)becauseIhavetopickuptherubbishwhereIamgoingtosit.shockingrelaxingtiringThegrassiscoveredinplasticbagsandfood,andIamsadthattheyoungpeopleoftodaydonotcleanupbeforetheyleavethepark.Therearesomany(5)__________(interest)animalsandinsects(6)_____(live)inourparks.Itwouldbeashameiftheyweredestroyedbecauseofpeople’sactivitiesinthepark.Yours,WangQianginterestinglivingB.Readthisnewreportandfillintheblankswithwordsfromtheboxbelow.followingkeepingexcitingwalkingmovingfalling(1)_______NewsforAnimalLovers!TwopeoplewerearrestedyesterdayataParisairportforbringinganimalsintoExcitingEuropefromSouthAmericaillegally.Oneofthecustomsofficerssawawoman(2)_______infrontofagroup.Thenhesawfeathers(3)______fromunderhercoat.Havingseenthis,thecustomsofficeraskedthewomantocomeovertohisdesk.walkingfallingHewassurprisedtofindtenbirdsinsidehercoat.Therewasashortfatgentleman(4)________her.Anothercustomsofficercalledhimoverwhenitseemedhehada(5)_______stomach.Ontakingoffhisjacket,theyfoundatortoise.followingmovingHehadtraveledontheplanelikethis,(7)_______thetortoisehiddeninablanket.keepingVerb-ingformasanadverbVerb-ing形式作状语

Verb-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。Verb-ing

短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。1.作时间状语Verb-ing

短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearingthegoodnews,mymothercouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenmymotherheardthegoodnews,shecouldn’thelplaughing.

Havingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.=AfterIhadreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.

收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。2.作原因状语Verb-ing

短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.=Becausehewassoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.

因为太生气了，他不能入睡。HavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=Because(As)hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.

因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。3.作条件状语Verb-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.

如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。4.作让步状语

Verb-ing

短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。

5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.

他们又唱又笑地走进教室。Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.注意：1.Verb-ing

短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：Thoughwillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.=Thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.WhilestayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=WhilehewasstayinginBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.=Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.=Thoughitwasrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.

小结

Verb-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。

Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.=Whenhetraveledontheplanelikethis,hekeptthetortoisehiddeninablanket.一般说来，verb-ing短语作状语时，其逻辑主语（即verb-ing动作的发出者）要与句子的主语保持一致；如不一致，则可用verb-ing的独立（主格）结构作状语，即“名（代）词+verb-ing”，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveafootballmatchtomorrow.独立(主格)结构一些独立结构：1.Generally__________(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2.________(judge)fromhisappearance,heissomebody.3.________(tell)youthetruth,yourworkisterrible.speakingJudgingTotellTimeforreflection1.Wecanuseaverb-ingas:____________,_____________,____________and____________________.2.Theperfectformofaverb-ingis_______________.3.Verb-ingphrasescanexpress:______,________,_______,and________.theattributivethepredicativetheadverbialtheobjectcomplementhaving+verb-edtimereasonresultcondition1.thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词find与主语she为主动关系且作原因状语，故用现在分词finding。句意：（由于）她发现该课程很难，她就决定转到低一水平的（课程）。高考链接2.______basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown

【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为willhelp，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词，答案选C。3.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail______forher.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waswaiting

【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题therebe句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行，故选C，现在分词。4.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____inonecorner.

A.standing B.tostand C.stands D.stood【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。5._______whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语thegirl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词Notknowing在句中作原因状语。6.Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,

the7:30trainfromPaddingtoncaughtB.tohavecaughtC.tocatchD.havingcaught

【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，因为我赶上了7:30的车，所以那天我更早地到了办公室，可知赶车发生在到办公室之前，且与主语I之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词完成体表主动完成。7.Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.HopingB.tohope C.hoped D.havinghoped8._____toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked9.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather____.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit10.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom____intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked11.Pressedfromhisparents,and____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized12._____inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand13.Thelecture,___at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted14.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,____thebreakfastuntouched.

A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft15.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletter____himit.A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered16.Theoldco