莫高窟英文介绍

MogaoCaves

2021/5/912021/5/92contentsa.BriefintroductionaboutMogaoCavesb.WorksofartinMogaoCavesc.Cangjingdong(theDunhuang-library-cave)d.CulturalrobberyinMogaoCaves2021/5/93BriefintrodutionaboutMogaoCaves

The

MogaoCaves

or

MogaoGrottoes

(

莫高窟)

alsoknownasthe

CavesoftheThousand

Buddhas

(千佛洞).

Ithasasystemof492templesandhasanoasis（绿洲）

strategically（战略上）locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroadsonthe

SilkRoadin

Gansuprovince.

Thecavesmayalsobeknownasthe

DunhuangCaves,however,thistermalsoincludeotherBuddhistcavesitesintheDunhuangarea,suchas

TheWestrenThousandBuddhaCaves,andtheYulinCaves

fartheraway.Thecavescontainsomeofthefinestexamplesof

Buddhistart（佛教艺术）

spanningaperiodof1,000years.

2021/5/942021/5/95WorksofartinMogaoCavescavesmuralsSculptures2021/5/96CavesThecaveswerecutintothesideofacliff（悬崖；绝壁）whichisclosetotwokilometerslong.AtitsheightduringtheTangDynasty,thereweremorethanathousandscaves.Butovertime,manyofthecaveswerelostincludingtheearliestcaves

735cavescurrentlyexistinMogao.Thebest-knownonesarethe487caveslocatedinthesouthernsectionofthecliffwhichareplacesofpilgrimage（朝拜）andworship2021/5/97248caveshavealsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarter,meditationchambers（冥想室）andburialsites（土葬）forthemonks.Thecavesatthesouthernsectionaredecorated,whilethoseatthenorthernsectionaremostlyplain（朴素）.Thecavesareclusteredtogetheraccordingtotheirearaandnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliff2021/5/982021/5/99Murals(壁画)Themuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistoryfromthe5thcenturytothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme.however,somearetraditionalmythicalthemes（传统神话主题）andportraits（画像）ofpatrons（赞助人）2021/5/910EarlymuralsshowedastronginfluenceofIndianandCentralAsianinthepaintingtechniquesuse.2021/5/911AdistinctedDunhuangstylebegantoemergeduringNorthernWeiDynasty.2021/5/912XuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha

敦煌壁画中的唐僧礼佛图2021/5/913Cave409,WesternXia

2021/5/914WorshippingBodhisattva,

cave285,WeiDynasty.

Dancer,cave220,earlyTangDynasty.2021/5/915Themuralcommemorating（纪念）victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetans.

cave156,latetong

2021/5/916Thebigestmural《五台山图》宋2021/5/917Sculptures

Therearearound2,400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao.Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe,paddedwithreed,thenmodelled

（模型）inclaystucco（粘土）,andfinishedwithpaint.

TheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian

（中亚）prototypes（原型）

withsomein

Greco-Indian

（印度希腊王国）styleof

Gandhara（古印度）.OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreandmoreChineseelements

andbecamegraduallysinicize

（中国化）.

2021/5/9182021/5/919CangjingdongItwasfoundinmogaocavesatcave17thin1900.Therewereabout50000booksincludebooksandnoteswhichshockedthepeoplealloftheworld.Thisfindingsupportedaplentyofpreciousinformationforthestudyofchinesehistory,geographyandsomeotherparts.Butaftercountries'robbery,mostoftheculturalrelicswerespreadedaroundtheworldandonlyfewofthemwereprotectedinChina.2021/5/920

CulturalrobberyinMogaoCaves

In1908,aFrancharcheologistobtainedmorethan10thousandscriptsatthecostof600tael(银两).Nowmostofpelliotsarepurchasinginfranchmuseums.2021/5/921AnBritisharcheologisttookaway24boxesofscriptsand5boxesofotherworksofartin1907.

Over10000pi