美国现代主义文学

TheAgeOfModernism

Fromteam102021/5/91TimeThemodernismperiodinAmericaliteraturelastedfrom1914to1945withthefirstworldwarasastartingpointandthesecondworldwarendingpoint.Surely,italsoexperiencedthe1930seconomicdepression.美国现代主义时期以一战为起点，经历了大萧条一直延续到二战。2021/5/92BackgroundEconomyTheWorldWarICulturalBackground2021/5/93Economy

Afterthefirstworldwar,therewasaboomingindustryandmaterialprosperity.However,theoutbrustofthefinacialcrisiswasagreatdisaster.Thewholecapitalistcountrueswasstruckbycatastrophy.

第一次世界大战后，美国的工业快速发展，经济繁荣。但是1929年爆发的经济危机却给予美国以及整个资本主义世界的经济以重创。2021/5/94TheWorldWarI

AsaresultoftheFirstWorldWar,SocialbreakdownandindividualpowerlessnessandhopelessnessbecamepartoftheAmericanexperience.Therewasadeclineinmoralstandardandthisperiodwasbestdescribedasaspiritualwasteland.Therewasthelossoffaith.Peoplelivedapurposelessandchaoticlife.

一战后，社会崩溃，人们感到绝望和无力，道德底线下降。这一时期是美国精神的荒原，人们失去了信仰，过着无意义的混沌的生活。2021/5/95CulturalBackground

AlistofphilosophicaltheorieswerewidelyspreadinAmerican.Marxism马克思理论

Freud’spsychoanalysis弗洛伊德的心理分析WilliamJames’sstreamofconsciousnesstheory威廉·詹姆斯的意识流学说Archetypalsymbol荣格的原型象征理论2021/5/96CulturalInfluenceThosetheorieshadgreatpactonthewritersofAmericanmodernismperiod.Theypayspecialattentiontotheinnerworldofpeople.Duringthisperiodthemostcompellingliteraturemovementisthewriter’sselfexile,alsoknownas“thesecondAmericanRenaissance”.

这些理论对美国现代主义作家的文学创作产生了巨大影响。他们特别注重对人们的内心世界的挖掘。这一时期最引人注目的文学运动就是作家的自我流放，也称“第二次美国文艺复兴”。2021/5/97Characteristics

1.Contradictory矛盾性2.Arrangement排列性3.Optional随意性4.Nocontinuity不连贯性5.Extremestretchofmetaphor比喻的极度引伸6.Thecombinationoffictionandfact

虚构与事实的结合7.Absurd荒诞的2021/5/98PoetryEzraPound埃兹拉·庞德Robert

Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特Wallace

Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯2021/5/99EzraPound

埃兹拉·庞德(1885～1972)The

father

of

modern

American

poetryThe

father

of

Imagist

poetry美国现代诗歌创始人意象派诗歌之父The

Cantos《诗章》

In

a

Station

of

the

Metro《地铁站里》2021/5/910Robert

Frost

罗伯特·弗罗斯特（1874-1963）

Fire

and

Ice《火与冰》The

Road

Not

taken《未选择的道路》North

of

Boston《波士顿之北》

2021/5/911Wallace

Stevens

华莱士·史蒂文斯（1879-1955）

Harmonium《风琴》The

Man

With

the

Blue

Guitar《弹蓝吉他的人》Sunday

Morning《星期天早晨》

2021/5/912NovelFrancisScottKeyFitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德ErnestHemingway欧内斯特·海明威WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳2021/5/913FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald

弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德

The

Great

Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》The

Side

of

Paradise《人间天堂》Tender

is

the

Night《夜色温柔》

2021/5/914WilliamFaulkner

威廉·福克纳(1897～1962)TheSoundandtheFury《愤怒与喧嚣》AsILayDying《我弥留之际》GoDownMoses《去吧，摩西》2021/5/915ErnestHemingway

欧内斯特·海明威(1899～1961)TherepresentativeofthelostgenerationPulitzer

PrizeNoble

Prize

TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》2021/5/916AboutHemingwayAndHisWorksBecausemostofhisworkstakethewarasbackground,describethepainsandhurtthewarbringstohumanbeing,andreflectayoungergeneration’saimlessnessandlossofthebeliefsaftertheWorldWarI,theseworksimmediatelywontheresponsesfrommanypeoplewhosurvivedthewarphysicallybutwereafterwardsspirituallyandmorallyadrift.Then,Hemingwaybecam