北京市东城区2019届高三下学期综合练习(一)英语试卷附答案解析

#【12题详解】考查连词辨析。A.If如果；B.Because因为；C.Until直到才；D.Although尽管。根据下文Ihadtostayupreallylatetofinishthemall可知“尽管”作者每天疲惫地从学校回到家，还是要熬夜到很晚。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.lecture演讲；B.essay散文；C.play剧本；D.test测试。根据第三段theanswersheetforthetest可知这是一次关于罗密欧和朱丽叶的测试，故选D。【14题详解】考查介词辨析。A.by借助；B.upon在……之上；C.over越过；D.toward朝着。作者因为没有准备考试，因此只能“占用”午饭时间来准备考试。takeover“占用”，故选C。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.missed错过；B.carried搬运；C.lost失去；D.dropped掉下。根据上文Worsestill可知作者错过了课堂讨论和笔记。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.depend依靠；B.agree同意；C.guess猜测；D.improve促进。作者没有准备只能“猜”问题的答案。故选C。【17题详解】考查介词词义辨析。A.in屈服；B.off发出；C.out分发；D.away赠送。根据下文可知作者刚要屈服的时候，作者的笔偶然掉下去摔断Y°givein“屈服”故选A。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.wrote书写；B.settled解决；C.calmed冷静；D.looked看着。根据上文Standingbytheblackboard可知作者站在黑板旁边，向下看可以看到试卷的答案。故选D。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.boredom厌倦；B.worries担忧；C.loneliness寂寞；D.tiredness疲惫。句意：我再也不用担心考试不及格了！故选B。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.whispered耳语；B.warned警告；C.persuaded劝说；D.chanted吟唱。句意：我的心脏开始狂跳，我的大脑在对我私语。故选A。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.coldest最冷的；B.saddest最悲伤的；C.longest最长的；D.fastest最快的。句意：这是我人生中最长的十秒钟。故选C。考查动词词义辨析。A.suffering遭受；B.checking检查；C.cheating欺骗；D.thinking思考。根据上文Idecidedtofinishthetestonmyown可知作者决定不作弊自己完成测试，故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.certain确信；B.regretful后悔的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.relieved减轻。作者没有准备因此非常确信自己会不及格。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.open打开的；B.honest诚实的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.energetic精力充沛的。作者没有作弊，因此是诚实带来的愉悦。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.wisdom智慧；B.encouragement鼓励；C.intention意图；D.nerve神经。句意：我盯着它看了几秒钟，才鼓起勇气把它翻过来。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.anxiety焦虑；B.shock震惊；C.fear害怕；D.appreciation欣赏。根据下文whenIlearnedthatIhadpassedthetest可知作者通过了测试非常震惊，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.paper纸；B.credit信用；C.rate比率；D.grade成绩。根据下文C-可知是看到了成绩，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.take带走；B.put放；C.find发现；D.gain获得。句意：我妈妈说，最需要勇气的胜利是发自内心的。takecourage“鼓起勇气”，故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.gradually逐渐地；B.exactly精确地；C.willingly乐意地；D.seemingly看来似乎。句意：现在我完全明白她的意思了。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.film电影；B.fact事实；C.ending结束；D.love爱。句意：现在，我的良心不仅可以得到放松，而且我也不必担心会被抓住，像罗密欧与朱丽叶那样遭遇悲惨的结局。故选C。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThePerfectSleepChairisdesignedtobethemostcomfortablereclinerchair.Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatfbrsleeping,ifslikebeingonacloud.Acloudthathasbuilt-inheatandmassagesettingstomatchyourownpersonalcomfortlevel.Itevenhasabatterybackupincaseofapowercut.WithPerfectSleepChair,there'saperfectpositionforeverybody,eventhosethatprefertolieflatbutwanttheadditionalsupportthatmostmattresses（垫子）don'tprovide.Atthetouchofabutton,thePerfectSleepChairgentlyliftsyoutoanalmoststandingpositionsoyoucangetbackonyourfeetwithease.Someownersusethisfeaturedaily,whileothersuseitwhenrecoveringfromanillness.Timeandtimeagain,ourcustomerstellustheyaretiredofhavingtoreplacetheirreclinersduetoqualityissues.Wehearyou!ThatiswhythePerfectSleepChairishandmadeintheUSAusingqualityhardwoodsandonlythehighestqualityupholster（垫衬物）.Eachchairiscarefullycraftedbyworkersandnotjustabunchofrobots.Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.Simplyput,it'sthehighestqualitychaironthemarket_butitdoesn'tendthere…WhenyoupurchasethePerfectSleepChair,you'llgetyourchoiceofclothandcolors!You'llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!Toensurethatyourproductandpurchaseprocessisofthehighestquality,ourcustomerserviceteamisheretoansweranyquestion,fivedaysaweek,from9a.m.to8p.m.Pleasecallusat800-958-8324.Accordingtotheadvertisement,PerfectSleepChair.（事实信息）helpsdetectillnessessupportsvariousbodypositionscomeswithanadditionalmattressadjustsitstemperatureaccordinglyWhatisthekeyfeatureofPerfectSleepChairintroducedinParagraph3?（推理判断）A.Itissafe. B.Itislasting.C.Itisportable. D.Itiscomfortable.Whatservicecancustomersreceive?

A.Homedelivery.C.A.Homedelivery.C.A24-hourhotline.D.Amoney-backguarantee.【答案】31.B 32.B33.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一种支持各种各样身体姿势的椅子PerfectSleepChair以及它的特色。【31题详解】细节理解题。第一段第二句Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatforsleeping,it'slikebeingonacloud.可知不管你是笔直地坐着，还是以你最喜欢的看电视的姿势放松，还是完全平躺着睡觉，PerfectSleepChair都可以。故PerfectSleepChair支持各种各样的身体姿势。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.可知每一把椅子的结构都是终身保修的，电子元件的保修期为三年。可推理得第三段介绍了PerfectSleepChair的一个重要性能是持久耐用，故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句You,llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!可知专业人士会把椅子搬到你家里你想要的地方，打开它，检查它，测试它，定位它，甚至把包装拿走!可知顾客可以收到送货上门服务，故选A。IntheshorttimeSteveandZachhadbeeninsidetheirtentpackingtheirtools,wind-blownflamehadskippedfromthetopofonetreetoanother.Thelongdrysummerhadturnedtheforestintoatinderbox.“Let'sgo!Wecanmakeitbacktotheriverwecrossedtoday!”StevekeptBradyontheleadandtheirheadsdownagainstthefire-wind.ButBradybarkedasharpwarning.Aheadofthemlayathickcurtainofsmokeacrossthetrack.Theywouldnevermakeitthroughthat.Thedogwaspullingathisleadtryingtodrawthemawayfromthesmoke,andyetStevewasuneasy.Itseemedtohimthattheyweremovingawayfromtheriver.Suddenly,Zachcried."Zach!”Steveshouted.“AreyouOK?Whereareyou?”ThenBradypulledStevedownasharpslope（坡）.Atitsbase,Zachwasrubbinghisankle.AsStevehelpedhisfriendtohisfeet,Bradyliftedhisheadandsnuffed（嗅）thesmoke-ladenwind.Nextmoment,thedogboundedawayanddisappeared.Theboysshoutedforhim,buthedidn'tcomeback.Stevecouldn'tblameBradyforpanicking.Hehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidn'thaveacluewhichway.

SteveandZachhadn'tgonefarwhentherewasafamiliarbark,andBradycamebounding,stoppeddirectlyinfrontofSteveandhithimwithhishead,pushinghimbacktowardtheslopethey'djustclimbed.ButStevedidn,tgetit.ThenBradygrabbedtheboy'sjeansandstartedpulling.Themessagewasclear,butStevehesitated.OfcourseherememberedBradysavinghisuncle'slifewhenthedogwasmuchyounger.Washestillsharpenoughtogetthemthroughthis?Nearby,apinewentupinawhooshofsmoke.Bradypulledagain,urgently.“OK,bigguy,"Stevegritted（咬紧牙关）.Bradyledthembackdowntheslopeandintothetrees.Notfarfromthemfirewastouchingunderbrush.Severaltimesthebigdogstopped.Oftenhechangeddirections.Stevewassotiredthathejustwantedtorest,butBradywouldn'thaveit.Thedogbulliedbothboystogoon.Howlongthey'dwalkedStevehadnoidea.Hewasalmostnumbwhenheheardit-thewonderfulsoundofrushingwater!34.WhathappenedtoSteveandZachatfirst?34.A.Theygotinjured.B.Theylosttheirdog.C.Theyweretrapped.D.Theybecameseparated.35.BradyranawaytoA.seekhelpB.findawayoutC.rescueZachD.escapeforlifeA.Theygotinjured.B.Theylosttheirdog.C.Theyweretrapped.D.Theybecameseparated.35.BradyranawaytoA.seekhelpB.findawayoutC.rescueZachD.escapeforlife36.A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.36.A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.HowdidStevefeelafterBradypulledhisjeans?37.A.anadventureB.anexplorationC.anescapegameD.atrainingprogram37.A.anadventureB.anexplorationC.anescapegameD.atrainingprogramThepassagebasicallydescribes【答案】34.D35.B36.D37.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。【34题详解】细节理解题。第三段第二句Steveshouted,“AreyouOK?Whereareyou?”可知一开始Steve和Zach走散了，故选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。第四段最后一句Hehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidn'thaveacluewhichway,可知Brady奔跑的原因是想要找到路。故选B。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段Themessagewasclear,butStevehesitated.可知当Brady脱下牛仔裤后，Steve犹豫了，故选D。【37题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要记叙了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。故选A。CMostgroupsofplantsandanimalsarericherinspeciesandmoreplentifulneartheequator.Intheocean,thatholdstrueforcold-bloodedpredators（掠食者）.Butwarm-bloodedpredatorsaremorediversetowardthepolesandnoticeablymissingfromseveralwarmhotspots.Why?JohnGrady,anecologist,andhisteamconsideredthepossibility—warm-bloodedanimalsneedalottofueltheirmetabolism（新陈代谢）.Perhapscolderwatersarejustricherinsmallfish?Buttheyfoundthatathigher,colderplaces,thereisn'tactuallymuchmorefoodaround.It'smorethatwarm-bloodedanimalsareeatingamuchbiggershareofitthantheircold-bloodedcompetitors.Therealexplanationissimple.Ananimal'sspeed,swiftness,andintelligencedependonitsmetabolism,whichinturndependsonitstemperature.Sincebirdsandmammalscankeepheatingtheirbodiesinicyconditions,theyremainfastandattentive.Bycontrast,thefishtheyhuntbecomeslowerandduller.Atsometippingpointoftemperature,seals,dolphins,andpenguinsstartoutswimmingtheirprey（猎物）.Theybecomemorelikelytocomeupontargetsandoutpacethecold-bloodedpredatorsoftheirown.InGrady'swords,“Warm-bodiedpredatorsarefavouredwherepreysareslow,stupidandcold.”That'swhysharksandotherpredatoryfishdominateneartheequator,butcolderwatersarethekingdomofwhalesandseals.Bykeepingfoodtothemselvesinthepoles,thesecreaturescanthenspecializeonspecifictypesofprey,whichmakesthemmorelikelytosplitintoseparatespecies.ThekillerwhalesoftheNorthPacific,forexample,includemammal-eatingtransientsandfish-eating,year-roundresidents.Buttheworldischanging.It'slikelythatthesurfaceoftheoceanswillwarmby2to3℃withinthiscentury.Grady'steamestimatesthateverytimetheocean'ssurfacewarmsby1℃,populationsofseamammalswillfallby12%,andpopulationsofsealsandsealionswillfallby24%.But“predictionsarehard,”DonnaHauserfromtheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksnotes.“Polarbearsarelosersofawarmingworld,butsomepopulationsarestilldoingwell.Somegroupsofwhaleshavechangedthetimingoftheirmigrations;othersarehuntingindeeper,colderwaters.Thesechangesmightmakeseamammalsmoreadaptabletochangingclimates.Maybetheyjustneedtofindtheplaceswherefishremainslow,stupidandcold.”38.Whyaretheremoretypesofwarm-bloodedpredatorsnearthepoles?Becausethereismorefood.Becausetherearefewerenemies.Becausetheyarefasterandwiser.Becausetheyconsumelessenergy.Theauthormentionsthekillerwhalestoshow.thebenefitofbiologicalevolutionfoodpreferenceofdifferentseamammalsthedistinctionofspecifictypesofpredatorstheadvantageofconstantbodytemperatureWhatisDonnaHauser'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheseamammals?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Neutral. D.Sceptical.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?ArethePolesHeavenforSeaPredators?HowDoSeaMammalsTrackTheirPrey?WhyDotheWarm-BloodedLikeFoodCold?IstheWorldTooHotfortheWarm-Blooded?【答案】38.C39.D40.A41.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。【38题详解】推理判断题。第三段第二句Ananimal'sspeed,swiftness,andintelligencedependonitsmetabolism,whichinturndependsonitstemperature.Sincebirdsandmammalscankeepheatingtheirbodiesinicyconditions,theyremainfastandattentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句InGrady'swords,“Warm-bodiedpredatorsarefavouredwherepreysareslow,stupidandcold."That'swhysharksandotherpredatoryfishdominateneartheequator,butcolderwatersarethekingdomofwhalesandseals.可知“身体温暖的捕食者更喜欢那些行动缓慢、愚蠢和寒冷的猎物。”“这就是为什么鲨鱼和其他掠食性鱼类在赤道附近占统治地位，而较冷的水域则是鲸鱼和海豹的王国。故作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明恒温动物的优点，故选D。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句Thesechangesmightmakeseamammalsmoreadaptabletochangingclimates.可知DonnaHauser认为这些变化可能使海洋哺乳动物更能适应不断变化的气候。他对于海洋哺乳动物的未来是积极乐观的。故选A。【41题详解】主旨大意题。第一段第三句Butwarm-bloodedpredatorsaremorediversetowardthepolesandnoticeablymissingfromseveralwarmhotspots.以及本文主要内容是分析温血食肉动物在两极的分布更多的原因，故选C。DLastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophycourse.Thedemandsofhismajor,hesaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.Thestudents,conversationfitsintoalargeralarmingnarrativeabouttheroleofthehumanitiesinhighereducation.Inatimeofdizzyingtechnologicalachievementandofrapidscientificinnovation,scepticsofthehumanitiesmayquestiontheusefulnessofstudyingAristotle,theItalianRenaissanceorChinesefiction.Actually,Iregretnotinterruptingthatstudenttoarguefortakingthatintroductoryphilosophycourse.Iwouldhavestartedbyremindinghimthat,formuchofAmerica,shistory,collegegraduateswerenotconsideredtrulyeducatedunlesstheyhadmasteredphilosophy,literature,politicaltheoryandhistory.Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fosteringengagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity,sfunctioninsociety.Iwouldhavealsomentionedtothestudentthathewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbetheultimatecoinoftherealm.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,Iwouldhavearguedthatwhileadegreeanchoredinthesciencesisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LooknofurtherthanthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinkedIn,SlackandFlickr,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocreditthattrainingfortheirsuccess.Contrarytothewidelyheldbeliefthathumanitiesmajorshaveahardtimegettingjobs,recentstudiesshowthatthosewithhumanitiesdegreesaresuccessfulintheworkplace,experiencinglowratesofunemploymentandreportinghighlevelsofjobsatisfaction.Theratiobetweenaveragemedian（中位数）incomesforhumanitiesdegreeholdersand

thosewithbusiness,engineering,andhealthandmedicalsciencesdegreeshasbeenshowntonarrowoverthecourseofacareer.Thecaseforthehumanitiescanalsobeunderstoodinlesstransactionaltermsandmoreasafoundationalpreparationforalifewelllived.Ahumanitieseducationplaysavitalroleinencouragingcitizenstoleadanexaminedlife.Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife7schallenges.Byallmeans,studentsshouldtakecoursestheythinkpracticalandfollowtheirinterests,butiftheyalsomakeapointofstudyingtheliteratureoftheRenaissance,orresearchingintomodernpoetry,oreventakingintroductoryphilosophy,wewillallbenefit.Whatdothestudents7conversationshow?Studentsfeelemploymentdifficult.Studentsthinkphilosophylessimportant.Studentsfindscientificinnovationamazing.Studentsconsideruniversitycoursesunsatisfying.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A.Highlyvalued. B.Equallyapplied.C.Strictlyassessed. D.Greatlyimproved.Theauthormayagreethathumanities.discoverstudents7artisticabilitypreparestudentsforgraduationraiseawarenessofsocialstatusprovidegreatinsightsintolifeA.CWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?A.CBDIntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点） C:ConclusionBD【答案】42.B43.A44.D45.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者就“哲学课程是否没那么重要”展开了论述，提出自己的看法和论证依据。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Thedemandsofhismajor,hesaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.可知对话中学生提到他需要学习“实用”课程，而“启蒙”只能等一等。目前，就业能力是最重要的。可知学生的对话显示出学生认为哲学不那么重要。故选B。【43题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbe可知人类独特的创造力、想象力和道德推理能力都是在人文学科课程中培养出来的，这些才是真正有价值的，故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。倒数第二段最后一句Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife'schallenges.可知作者认为人们科学培养批判性思维、自我反省、同理心和宽容，只有当一个人应对生活中的挑战时，这些品质的作用才会变得更加明显。故人文科学提供了对生活的深刻见解。故选D。【45题详解】文章结构类。根据文章结构首先通过学生的对话引入文章话题；然后分为三个论点；其中第二个论点中再展开了三个次要点。故D选项最符合文章结构。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AreYouaPrisonerofPerfection?Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?46Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan,tachievetheunachievable?Understandingwhatdrivesperfectionismisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeepsusstuck.Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendriversofperfectionism.Webelievethatifwecanfashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,thennoonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe,llwinrespectandapproval.Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthatshowingvulnerability（弱点）willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey'reweak.Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter.However,ifwecan'trelaxandenjoylightermoments,thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooseriously.Sadly,wedeprive（剥夺）ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoyingthemomentandbeingourselves.Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.Withoutfailures,we'llneverlearnfromourmistakes;we'llnevermoveforwardinourlives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible.50Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures—andenjoyourpreciouslife.Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.Doyoufearthatotherswillbehorrifiedbywhatyoujudgeaboutyourself?Theaddictiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeingimperfect.There'snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoperfectionareoftenisolated,eveniftheyseemoutgoingandpopular.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridtheshamethatdrivesperfectionism.【答案】46.A47.D48.E49.B50.G【解析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。【46题详解】根据上文Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。【47题详解】本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。【48题详解】根据上文We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter,为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。【49题详解】根据下文Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。【50题详解】根据下文Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures-andenjoyourpreciousHfe.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败—一享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）51.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想了解北京近几年发生了怎样的变化。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：.变化；.原因；.感受。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I'mverygladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinthechangesinBeijing.Letmetellyousomeofthedevelopmentsduringthepastfewyears.Ihavewitnessedmanygreatchangesinmycity.Themostimpressiveoneistherapiddevelopmentoftransportation.Inthepast,peopletravelledmainlybybus.Nowadays,withmoreandmoresubwaylinesbuilt,itismuchfasterandmoreconvenientforpeopletogoalmosteverywhere.Additionally,thespreadofpublicbikeshelpspeopletravelanydistancemoreeasily.Allthesecouldn'thavehappenedwithoutthemeasurestakenbythegovernmentandapplicationsofnewtechnology.Ienjoytheseconvenienceseverydayandfeelproudofmycity.IamconfidentthatBeijingwillbecomemoreliveableinthefuture.Justcomeandhavealookyourself!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封邮件；假设你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想了解北京近几年发生了怎样的变化。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.变化；2.原因；3.感受。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：beinter