英语语法主谓一致

Subject-verbAgreement主谓一致主讲人：梁海群

BluehaiThechildren_________(be)playingoutside.John_________(get)upatsixo’clockeverymorning.They_________(have)notcomeyet.Nobody_________(know)whoisgoingtowininthegame.haveatry主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数方面的一致.aregetshaveknows主谓一致:主谓一致句子中的谓语部分必须和主语在人称和数等方面保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数(pl.)形式，如are,were,have，work等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。

主谓一致考点

定义1.语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。

2.短文改错中也常有主谓一致错误。1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.isis主谓一致指导基本原则三个基本原则：一、语法一致原则定义:主语是单数，谓语也是单数,

主语是复数，谓语也是复数.主单谓单，主复谓复1.Bothboys____(have/has)theirownrooms.2.Lotsofstudents___(be)reallylazy.3.Eachboy____(have/has)hisownbook.4.Everystudent___(come)ontime.主语和谓语动词之间关系表现在“数”的形式上.havearehascomes1、复数名词,以及由and或

both…and连接的并列主语,通常作______用。2、用and连接的两个名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念（后一个名词前无冠词），作主语时，谓语V用_______,否则用______。复数单数复数

Thelecturerandanchor______SongXue.大学老师，主播【区别】Thesingerandthewriter

famoustomanyyoungpeople.areis注意：有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter,knifeandfork,whiskyandsoda(威士忌加苏打水)Breadandbutter_______(be)myfavouritefood.is3、each，every，no+单数名词，作主语时，谓语v用单数；

everyeachnomanya

+名词单数＋and+everyeachnomanya+名词单数作主语时谓语用单数Everydeskandeverychair______(be)

madeofwood.Manyaboyandmanyagirl__________(have)hadaphone.补充：【区别】a.

Each

student

__________

a

dictionary.

b.

The

students

each

__________

a

dictionary.

A.

have，have

B.

have，has

C.

has，have

D.

has，has

【注意:each，all，both做同位语时谓语V与主语保持一致】ishas①eachneithereither+of+the+复数名词或代词，作主语时，谓语v用单数Eachofus

hasadictionary.Eitherofthebooksonthetable

belongstome.Neitherofthem

isfitforthejob.4、注意：若用each

of...作主语，其谓语通常是用单数，但在口语或非正式英语中也可用复数(不如用单数常见)Each

of

the

kids

was

[were]

deeply

frightened.

孩子们个个都惊恐万分。（2）表示数量的“oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用_____。（3）①“a／an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时，谓语动词用_______。一两个学生考试不及格。_______________________

②“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用_____。如：

今天有一两个学生一直在植树。_____________________________________5、（1）在“one+of／in／outof+复数名词”结构中，用单数动词。如果one改成two，three等数词，谓语用复数。OneofthestudentsinourclassisfromTibet．我们班有一位学生来自西藏。Onein／outoftwentywasbadlydamaged．每二十个中有一个严重受损。Threein／outoftenstudentshavefailedintheexam．每十个学生中就有三个考试不过关。Astudentortwo

fails

theexam．

Oneortwostudents

are

plantingtreestoday．单数单数复数Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable．桌子上还剩有一个半苹果。6、单个动词不定式短语、动名词（短语）以及句子，作主语时；谓语动词用_______

【注意：但what-引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。】Whatweneedistime./Whatweneedarebooks.单数To

see

is

to

believe.

Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.7、当主语后面跟有“aswellas,asmuchas，nolessthan，morethan，ratherthan,like（如，像）,with,togetherwith,alongwith,including,but,except,besides,inadditionto”等，这些词语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_______保持一致主语就远原则Tom，togetherwithMaryandAlice，______(be)goingtoswimthisafternoon．汤姆，玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。isNeitheryounorI_____wrong.There_____(be)acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Here__________(come)thebus.二、就近原则amamamiscomes定义：谓语单复数取决于最靠近它的词语。主要有以下几个内容：

①在therebe结构、here以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首；②当either…or…；neither…nor…；not（only）…butalso…；not…but…；or；nor等并列连词连接两个主语时；【区别：e.g.NotyoubutI________（be）toanswerforit．I，notyou，__________（be）toanswerforit．对此负责的是我而不是你。】定义:是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。三、意义一致原则noneof+【U】+【C】谓语动词用单数谓语动词可用复数/单数Noneofthemis／areawareofthedangerofeatingwildanimals．1、

不定代词all,most，more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。

Noneofthemoney_________(be)paidtome．连一分钱也没有付给我。is/was他们中没有人意识到吃野生动物的危害。2、①由““someof，plentyof，alotof，lotsof，mostof，therestof，allof，halfof，partof，theremainderof+名词/代词”的短语，做主语②由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语，作主语时谓语V单复数取决于of后的名词

TherestofpeopleinWuhan__________(need)somegoods.

Aboutonethirdofthebooks__________(be)

worthreading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。areneedpopulation表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，作主语时谓语动词要用单数。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，作主语时，谓语V可用单/复数，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数。如：

ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million．加拿大的人口约为2900万。Justunderathirdofthepopulationnowsmokes／smokeinthiscountry．在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountryarepeasants．这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。补充：4、以-s结尾的名词作主语时，谓语v一般用复数；但是，有些名词是根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数：①单复数同形的名词：sheep，deer，fish，means(方法,手段),works(著作)，species，Chinese，Japanese，series，aircraft，crossroads（十字路口），headquarters作主语,谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数.【补充：news作主语时，谓语v用单数】注意：①food、fruit这两个词，一般是单复数同形，常用来表示总称。表示种类的时候，可以使用复数foods，fruits（但是都少用）；②fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”【经典试题】Everymeans______（have）beentried.Allmeans______（have）beentried.hashave

②以-ics结尾的名词，表示学科名称时，如economics经济学electronics电子学physics物理学politics政治学mathematics数学等，用单数；但是，当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语V用复数。如：Hispoliticswereamatterofgreatconcerntohisfriend．他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。Politicsishisfavoritesubject．政治学是他最喜欢的学科。③报纸名如：theNewTimes；以及用作书名ArabianNights《天方夜谭》、国名theUnitedStates以及theUitedNations等复数名词作主语时，谓语V用单数；猜一猜：表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语，谓语V往往用_____。复数如：RockyMountainsstandinthewestofNorthAmerica．表示成双成套的名词，如：glasses（眼镜）、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors，等作主语时，谓语V用复数以及名词goods，theOlympicGames做主语，谓语V用_____复数45、复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数比一比：复合不定代词someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。6、

manya/each/everyeither/neithermorethanone+单数名词Manyastudent

hasseenthefilm.Neitherstory

istrue.

Morethanonestudent

hasseenthefilm.Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.作主语时，谓语v用_____不止一个学生...【注意：意义为复数】单数

“more+复数名词+thanone”结构谓语常用复数。7、thenumber/variety/total（“……的总数”）/average（“……的平均数”）of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓V用单数；【注意：与anumberof对比】ThenumberofChinesewhoissufferingfromthenovelcoronavirus新冠状病毒

isincreasing.AnumberofpeopleinMaominggotoHubeitohelppeopleintrouble.许多茂名人去湖北帮助处于困境的人们。患新冠状病毒的中国人的数量正在不断上升。8、某些表示数量的名词词组作主语时①表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金钱、重量等的复数名词常作为一个整体作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语V用单数Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.②在四则运算中，加法和乘法做主语时，谓语V可用单/复数。减法和除法，谓语V用单数。Twoandtenis／aretwelve．2加10等于12。Twotimeseightis／aresixteen．2乘以8等于16。18minus12is6．18减12等于6。Twohundredandsixty-onedividedbynineequalstwenty-nine．261除以9等于29。9、the+形容词作主语的情形序号主语形式谓语形式1“the+形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，如：thepoor穷人theliving活着的人therich富人thedead死人thewounded伤员theyoung年轻人复数2“the+形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，如，thebeautiful单数【经典试题】

Thewounded________(save)bythevillagersatlastyesterday.Thebeautiful________(be)notalwaysthegood.weresavedis【高考链接与经典试题】1.Allkindsofdifficulties_______(have)tobeovercome.Thiskind/sortofquestions_______(be)verydifficult.Questionsofthiskind/sort______(be)verydifficult.2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth________________(wash)awayeveryyear.5/31/2023haveisarearebeingwashed10、取决于其前“量词”的情形序号主语形式谓语形式备注1取决于of前的“量词”2a（large）quantityof+【c】/【u】（large）quantitiesof+【c】/【u】a（large）amountof+【u】（large）amountsof+【u】取决于quantity和

amount注意：“agood／greatdealof+【u】”作主语，谓语用单数。Agooddealofworkhastobedonetoday．今天有大量的工作要做。

“复数名词+ofthiskind/form/type/sort/species/series/piece/section作主语时，用复数；

a（large）quantityof+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。由“kind/form/type/sort/species/series/piece/section+of+名词”作主语时；四、其他的情形1．倒装句中的主谓一致

在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。

在“It+be+被强调部分+that／who...”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，that／who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致.

am

haveOnthewallaresomepaintings．墙上有一些的画。Betweenthetwowindows_______(hang)apicture．两扇窗户间有一幅画。hangs2.ItisIwho_______(be)astudent．我是学生。Itistheywho_______(have)workedthereforfiveyears．是他们在那儿工作了5年。四、其他的情形3．“oneof+复数名词+who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，who/which/that做主语时，谓语V用复数，one前有the、only、very修饰时用单数Itisoneofcarswhich_______(run)fastestintheworld.Itistheoneofcarswhich_________(run)fastestintheworld.runruns4.需要根据所代表名词或代词决定谓语V单复数的情形序号主语形式谓语形式备注1who，which，what等疑问代词及all,such作主语时根据其后的名词表语

2定语从句中，关系代词

that,who,which等作主语时取决于先行词

【高考链接与经典试题】1-1.Allweneed_____(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(2014•湖南卷)1-2.Whatweneed_______(be)hardwork.Whatweneed______(be)suitablematerials.2-1.Thefactoryused65percentofthematerials,therestofwhich______(be)savedforotherpurposes.2-2.Anystudentwho______(be)interestediswelcometoparticipate.5/31/2023isisarewereis练一练【一、易错点汇总】1.Ourclass_____abigone.Ourclass_____fondofEnglish.（be)2.Thetrousers_______mine.Thispairoftrousers____mine.(be)3.Applesofthiskind____well.Thiskindofapples____well.(sell)3.ThepopulationofChina_______farlargerthanthatofJapan.EightypercentofthepopulationinChina________farmers.(be)4.Everymeans______beentriedtosolvetheproblem.Allmeans_______beentriedtosolvetheproblem.(have)5.Theaged______beingcaredforinthecommunity.Theunknown_____alwayssomethingtobefeared.(be)6.Asingeranddancer______beeninvitedtotheparty.Asingerandadancer________beeninvitedtotheparty.（have)5/31/2023isareareissellsellsisarehashaveareishashave【一、易错点汇总】7.Tomisoneoftheworkerswho______(be)firedbythecompanylastweek.Tomistheonlyoneoftheworkerswho____(be)firedbythecompanylastweek.8.Alargequantityofwater________wastedeveryyear.Largequantitiesofwater_______wastedeveryyear.(be)5/31/2023areisisare【二、用所给词的正确形式填空并熟读。】MyseatmateJames,whoseparents1._______________(teach)EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,2.________(come)fromtheUnitedStates,which3._____(be)oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparents4.________(enjoy)livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparents5.____(find)itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhere6.___(be)easytounderstandandtenyears7.___(be)enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.I,togetherwithJames,extremely8._____(like)Englishbutphysics9.________(seem)ratherdifficultforus.Besides,bothheandI10._____(be)veryfondofreadingstorybooks,andtheArabianNights11._____(be)oneofthemostinterestingbooksthat12.___________(read)byus.5/31/2023havebeenteachingcomesisenjoysfindisislikeseemsareishavebeenread【二、用所给词的正确形式填空并熟读。】