金融专业英语名词

FinancialMarketsFinancialmarket金融市场:Afinancialmarketisamarketinwhichpeopleandentitiescantradefinancialsecurities,commoditiesandotherfungibleitemsofvalueatlowtransactioncostsandatpricesthatreflectssupplyanddemand.Internationalfinancialmarket国际金融市场:Afinancialmarketthatinvolvesparticipantsallovertheworld.(查不到自己编的，请慎重考虑)Directfinancing直接融资:Aninvestorpurchasesthesecuritiesissuedbyultimateborrowers(i.e.withoutintermediaries).Indirectfinancing间接融资:Indirectfinancingiswhereborrowersborrowfundsfromthefinancialmarketthroughindirectmeans,suchasthroughafinancialintermediary.Moneymarket货币市场:Moneymarketisacomponentoffinancialmarketforassetsinvolvedinshort-termborrowing,lending,buyingandsellingwithORIGINALmaturitiesofoneyearorless.Capitalmarket资本市场:Capitalmarketprovidesforthebuyingandsellingoflong-term(over1year)debtsorequity-backedsecurities.Foreignexchangemarket(orcurrencymarket)外汇市场:Foreignexchangemarketdealswiththeexchangesofdifferentmeansofpayment.Primarymarket一级市场:Aprimarymarketisamarketinwhichnewissuesofasecurity(likeabondorastock),aresoldtoinitialbuyersbythecorporationorgovernmentagencyborrowingthefunds.Secondarymarket二级市场:Asecondarymarketiswhereiswherethesaleofpreviouslyissuedsecuritiestakesplace.Exchangemarket交易所市场:Itisahighlyorganizedmarketwheretradablesecurities,commodities,foreignexchanges,futuresandoptioncontractsaresoldandbought.OTCmarket柜台市场:over-the-countermarket.Adecentralizedmarketofsecuritiesnotlistedonanexchangewheremarketparticipantstradeoverthetelephone,facsimileorelectronicnetworkinsteadofaphysicaltradingfloor.Technicalanalysis技术分析:Itistheartofdeducingprobablefuturetrendfromhistoricalrecordsofstocktrading.(thestudyofthestockmarketitselfratherthanexternalfactors)Fundamentalanalysis基本面分析或基础分析:Itexaminesallrelevantfactorsaffectingthestockpriceinordertodetermineanintrinsicvalueforthatstock.Thetop-downapproachorEconomy-Industry-Company(EIC)model自上而下法:1)selectacountrywhichcouldoffertheinvestorsbetterreturnsfromothereconomies;2)selectpromisingindustriesandcompaniesinthiscountry.Thebottom-uporstockpickingapproach自下而上法:Itistofindundervaluedstocksregardlessofthemarketandindustryfactors.CapitalMarketBond债券:Bondsaresecuritiesthatrepresentadebtowedbytheissuertotheinvestor.Theyobligatetheissuertopayaspecifiedamountatagivendate.Governmentnotesandbonds(Treasurybonds)国库券:Theyareissuedtofinancethenationaldebt.Difference:noteshaveaoriginalmaturityof1yearto10yearswhilebondshaveaoriginalmaturityof10-30years.Notethattheyarefreeofdefaultrisk.Corporatebonds公司债券:Largecorporationsissuebondsinordertoborrowfundsforlongperiodsoftime.Thebondindentureisacontractthatstatesthelender’srightsandprivilegesandthetheborrower’sobligations.Stock股票:Sharesofstockinthefirmrepresentownership.Outstandingstock流通股:Thesharesofacorporation’sstockthathavebeenissuedandareinthehandsofthepublic.Mortgageloan抵押贷款:Amortgageloanisaloansecuredbyrealproperty.ForeignExchangeMarketExchangerate汇率:Theratiooftwodifferentcurrencies.Billsofexchange票据:Theyarefinancialdocumentsthatrequiretheindividualorbusinessthatisaddressedinthedocumenttopayaspecifiedamountofmoneyonadatethatiscitedinthedocument.Demanddraft即期汇票:Itisacheckcreatedbyamerchantwithabuyer’scheckingaccountnumberonit,butwithoutthebuyer’soriginalsignature.Bankersdraft银行汇票:Itisacheckwherethefundsaretakendirectlyfromfinancialinstitutionsratherthantheindividualdrawer’saccount.Foreignbond外国债务:Abondissuedinadomesticmarketbyaforeignentity,inthedomesticmarket’scurrency.Dividendcheck股利支票:Ashareofprofitsintheformofchecksreceivedbyastockholder.（查不到自己编的，请慎重考虑）Pensioncheck养老金支票:Asumofmoneyintheformofcheckspaidregularlyasaretirementbenefitorbywayofpatronage.(查不到自己编的，请慎重考虑。另外，pension没有年金的意思，年金是annuity)Travelers’check旅行支票:Itisapreprinted,fixed-amountcheckdesignedtoallowthepersonsigningittomakeanunconditionalpaymenttosomeoneelseasaresultofhavingpaidtheissuerforthatprivilege.Directquotationmethod直接报价法:Theratesarequotedintermsofvariablenumberofhomecurrencyperfixedforeigncurrencyunit.Indirectquotationmethod间接报价法:Theratesarequotedintermsofvariablenumberofforeigncurrencyperfixedhomecurrencyunit.Convertiblecurrency自由兑换货币:Theholderofaconvertiblecurrencycanchangeitfreelyintoanothercurrency.Spotrate即期汇率:Thepricethatisquotedforimmediatesettlementonacommodity,asecurityoracurrency.Forwardrate远期汇率:Arateapplicabletoafinancialtransactionthatwilltakeplaceinthefuture.Crossrate交叉汇率:Theexchangeratebetweentwocurrenciesexpressedastheratiooftwoforeignexchangeratesthatarebothexpressedintermsofathirdcurrency.FinancialInstrumentsFinancialinstruments金融工具:Afinancialinstrumentisatradableassetofanykind;eithercash,evidenceofanownershipinterestinanentity,oracontractualrighttoreceiveordelivercashoranotherfinancialinstrument.Debtinstruments债务工具:Theyarecontractualagreementsbytheborrowertopaytheholderoftheinstrumentsfixedamountatregularintervalsuntilthematuritydate.Collectionorder托收委托书:Itisatypeofdocumentinwhichanattempttopromotethetenderingofapaymentorthedeliveranceofsomesortofinformationismade.Invoice发票:Astatementgivenbyasellertoabuyeritemizingthesaleanddemandingpayment.Billoflading运单:Adocumentissuedbyacarriertoashipper,listingandacknowledgingreceiptofgoodsfortransportandspecifyingtermsofdelivery.Collectingbank代收行:Abankthatassistsinobtainingpaymentinaccordancewithdraftpaymentterms.Documentsagainstpayment(D/P)支付交单:Thepresentingbankisauthorizedtoreleasethedocumentstothedraweeonlyagainstimmediatepayment.Documentsagainstacceptance(D/A)承兑交单:Thepresentingbankreleasesthedocumentstotheimporteragainsthisacceptanceofabillofexchange.DocumentaryCredit跟单信用证:查不到，应该和信用证的意义一致。Letterofcredit信用证:Itisadocumentthatafinancialinstitutionorsimilarpartyissuestoasellerofgoodsorserviceswhichprovidesthattheissuerwillpaythesellerforgoodsorservicesthesellerdeliverstoathird-partybuyer.Advisingbank通知行:ThebankwhichadvisesaLetterofCredittotheBeneficiaryattherequestoftheissuingbank.Confirmingbank保兑行:ThebankwhichaddsconfirmationtoanLC.Issuingbank开证行:Thebankwhichissuesacredit.NominatedBank指定行:ThebankwithwhichcreditisavailableGuarantee保函:Apromisemadebyathirdpartytoprovidepaymentonabond.BidBonds/TenderGuarantees/TenderBond/BidSecurity/BidGuarantee投标保函:Theyguaranteethatthewinningbidderwillundertakethecontractunderthetermsatwhichtheybid.PerformanceGuarantees/PerformanceBond/PerformanceSecurity履约保函:Itisasuretybondissuedbyaninsurancecompanyorabanktoguaranteesatisfactorycompletionofaprojectbyacontractor.DownorAdvancePaymentGuarantee/RefundmentGuaranteefortheAdvancePayment/RepaymentGuarantee预付款保函:Itguaranteetherepaymentincaseofnoncontractualdelivery.Retentionmoneyguarantees保留金保函:Thisguaranteesecuresseller’scompliancewithhiswarrantyobligationsandenablesthebuyertoreleasetheretainedamountbeforeterminationofthewarrantyperiod.Maintenanceguarantees维修保函:Itistosecuretheconstructor’sobligationsduringthemaintenanceperiodoncetheconstructionhasbeencompleted.Certificateofanarbitrationaward(orarbitralaward):仲裁判决证明书Forwardingagent‘scertificateofreceipt(FCR):运货代理商的运货单据StandbyLetterofCredit备用信用证:Itisdesignedtoindemnifythebeneficiaryintheeventofopeningbank’sclienttofailincomplyingwithhiscommitmentsarisingoutoftheunderlyingcontract.CommercialLoans商业贷款:Itisadebtevidencedbyanotewhichspecifies,amongotherthings,theprincipalamount,interestrate,anddateofrepayment.ExportCredit出口信贷:Itisgovernment(governmentexportcreditagencies)guaranteedlendingchanneledthroughacommercialbanktosupportexport.Buyercredit买方信贷:Inbuyercredit,exporter’sbankprovidesloanstotheimporter(importer’sbankguarantees)ortoimporter’sbank,whichon-lends(转贷)theloantotheimporter.Suppliercredit卖方信贷:Insuppliercredit,exporter’sbankprovidesloanstothesupplier(exporter)tofinancethecontractwithspecialpaymenttermswhichimporterpaysforthecontractgoodsbyhalfyearlyinstallments.Forfaiting福费廷:Forfaitingprovidesasourceofnon-recoursefinancethroughuseofdrafts,promissorynotesorotherinstrumentsrepresentingsumsduetotheexporter.Itisafirm-basedoperationthatthefirmsellsoneofitstransactions.Syndicatedloan银团贷款:Asyndicatedloanisalargecreditloanarrangedbyaleadbankbetweenaborrower,itself,andagroupofotherbanksthatarepartiestotheoriginalcreditagreement.Build-operate-transfer(BOT)项目融资:Itisaformofprojectfinancing,whereinaprivateentityreceivesaconcessionfromtheprivateorpublicsectortofinance,design,construct,andoperateafacilitystatedintheconcessioncontract.Aconcessionagreement:特许经营协议InvestmentBankInvestmentbank投资银行:Investmentbanksarefinancialinstitutionsengagedininvestmentbankingactivities.Investmentbanking投资银行活动:Theyareassociatedwithsecuritiesunderwriting,makingamarketinsecurities,andarrangingmergers,acquisitionsandrestructuring.Proprietarytrading自营业务:Itoccurswhenafirmtradesstocks,bonds,currencies,commodities,theirderivatives,orotherfinancialinstruments,withthefirm'sownmoneyasopposedtoitscustomers'money,soastomakeaprofitforitself.Underwriting承销:Itmeansthattheinvestmentbankerpromisestobuythesecurities.Feeb