中考英语阅读理解健康保健类

学校：年级：班级：姓名：PAGE6努力学习报效祖国基础义务教育资料阅读理解健康保健类(一)CookingKillsFourMillionPeopleaYearPollutedairborneparticles（大气悬浮颗粒）kill7millionpeopleayear,reportstheWorldHealthOrganization.ThatnewsmaynotcomeasasurprisetoanyonewhohasseenimagesofchimneysinBeijing,DelhiorMexico.Butthosefactories—oreventhejammedroadwaysofmoderncities—arenotthebiggestkiller.Eachyear,some4.3millionpeopledieearlierthantheyshouldbecauseofpollutedairinsidetheirhomes,saystheWHO.What’scausingtheairinsidepeople’shomestobesopoisonousthatitkillsaround11,000peopleaday?Stoves.“Havinganopenfireinyourkitchenislikeburning400cigarettesanhour.”saysKirkSmith,aprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,whoseresearchsuggeststhathouseholdairpollutionfromcookingkilledbetween3.5millionand4millionpeoplein2013.Notallstovescausethiskindofharm.TheonesSmith’stalkingaboutarethosethatthe3billionpeopleinthedevelopingworlduseforheatandcooking,whichburnsolidfuelssuchaswood,coal,orcropwasteinsteadofgas.Thesmokefromthosefiresproducesharmfulfineparticlesandcarbonmonoxideintohomes.Poorventilationthenpreventsthatsmokefromescaping,raisingfineparticlelevels100timeshigherthanthelimitsthattheWHOconsidersacceptable.Breathingthisairdayindayoutfinallycausesalotofdiseases:morethanathirdofthe4.3milliondieofastroke,whileaquarterdieofheartdisease.Andaroundone-thirdofannuallungdiseasedeathsworldwideareduetowastefromcoalstoves.Exposuretendstobeextremelyharmfulforthepeoplewhospendthemosttimearoundthefire—usuallywomenandyoungchildren.Infact,theWHOreportsthathouseholdairpollutionalmostdoublestheriskforchildhoodlungdisease.1.AccordingtoKirkSmith’sresearch,________.A.factoriesarethebiggestkillerworldwidenowadaysB.burning400cigarettesanhourisextremelydangerousC.householdairpollutionfromcookingissurprisinglyharmfulD.some4.3millionpeopledieearliereachyearthantheyshould2.Whatshouldbethedeadlykillerinahouseholdkitchen?A.Solidfuels.

B.Coalstoves.

C.Poorgas.

D.Cookingsmoke.3.Theunderlinedword“ventilation”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.airing

B.cooking

C.burning

D.cooling4.Theauthorintendstotellpeople________.A.howtoavoidpollutedairintheirhomesB.tostopcookinginthehouseholdkitchenC.toguardagainsthouseholdpollutionfromcookingD.howtopreventchildhoodlungdiseasesinhousehold(二)Exercisenotonlyimprovesyourappearance,butalsoimprovesyourhealth.Healthexperts(专家)advisepeopletochoosephysicalactivitiesthattheyfindfun.So,whataresomeofthemostpopularforms(形式)ofexerciseintheUSA?

Walkingtopsthelist.Itisconsideredtobethewaytogetexercise.Youcanwalkatanytimeandanyplace.Walkingisalsosaidtobetheleastharmfultothekneesandfeet.So,it’saperfectchoicefortheold.

Anotherpopularformofexerciseisjogging.Inthe1970s,BillBowermanbroughtjoggingtotheUSA.HedidsoafterseeingthepopularityoftheactivityduringatriptoNewZealandinthe1960s.HestartedthefirstjoggingclubinAmerica.HealsohelpedfoundNike.

Swimmingisalsoverypopular.ItwasthesecondmostpopularsportingactivityinAmericain2008.Thetopactivitywaswalking.Whenoneisswimming,thewholebodyisputtowork.Itissaidthatswimmingisgoodforpeoplewithspecialneeds,likepregnant(怀孕的)women.

Dancingcanalsobeafunwaytoexercise.Thisisespeciallytrueforthosewhoseeexerciseassomethingthattheyshoulddo.AdancefitnessprogrammecalledZumbahasgrowninpopularityinrecent(最近的)years.ItwascreatedbyAlbertoPerezinColombiainthe1990s.In2001,hebroughttheprogrammetotheUSA.Sincethen,ithasspreadaroundtheworld.1.WhichofthefollowingcanbeputininParagraph2?A.easiest

B.mostexpensive

C.mostdifficult

D.coolest2.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecanlearnthat______.A.swimmingwasnotpopularin2008B.swimmingwasmorepopularthanwalkingin2008C.walkingwasthemostpopularformofexercisein2008D.it’snotgoodforpregnantwomentogoswimming3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,weknowthatZumba.A.hasaverylonghistory

B.isthenameofadanceclubC.wascreatedintheUSA

D.becamepopularnotlongago4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofexercise.B.SomepopularformsofexerciseintheUSA.C.Thehistoryofsomeformsofexercise.D.Adviceonhowtochoosethebestformofexercise.(三)Howmuchsleepisenough?

Tostayingoodhealth,someexpertintheUSsay,adultsshouldgetseventoeighthoursofsleep.Teenagerneedninetotenhours.Andpre-schoolchildrenneedmorethan10hoursofsleepanight.

Expertssaythequality(质量)ofoursleepbecomespooraswegrowolder.Thishappensbecausethebrainunitthatcontrolssleepbeginstoweakenslowlyasweage.

Expertssaythechangestartsinour30s.Bythetimewereachour50s,apersonmayhavelost50percentoftheirabilitytohavearestfulsleep.Thesepeoplehavetroublefailingandstayingasleepthroughthenight.Frommiddleageon,theseproblemsonlygetworse,andtheycanhaveabadeffectontheirhealth.Signsthatshowyoumaynotbegettingenoughsleep.You’realwayshungryoryou’vegotunwantedweight.Ifyouareinshortofsleep,certainchemicalsinyourbodywillnotworkwellandtellyourbrainintimethatyouhaveeatenenough.Youhavetroublemakingdecisions.Nothavingenoughsleepmaymakeyourbrainworkslowerinproblemsolving.Youhavetroublerememberingthings.Sleephelpspreparethebrainfornewmemories.Yourfeelingchangesunreasonably.Peoplewhodon’tsleepwellmayfeelunabletocontroltheirfeelings.Youarehavingtroubleseeing.Ifthereisashortageofsleep,youmaynotbeabletoseethingasclearlyasusual.Howtoimproveyoursleep?Hereareafewthingspeoplecandotogetbettersleep.Healthexpertssaythatexerciseandavoidingworkoncomputersmakepeoplegotosleepmoreeasily.Acoolroomisalsoagoodchoiceforsleepingwell.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Withthehelpofmedicine,wecansleepbetter.B.Peoplebegintohavesleepproblemsintheir40s.C.Teenagersusuallyneedmoresleepthanadults.D.Fewpeoplehavesleepproblemsintheirlateyears.2.Theunderlinedword”effect”inthepassageiscloseinmeaningto

.A.Knowledge

B.influence

C.excuse

D.activity3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTasignthatyouarenotsleepingwell?A.Youoftengethungry.

B.Youreyesightisfailing.C.Youhavepropermemory

D.Youalwaysfeeltired.4.Itispossiblethatthearticleistakenfrom

.A.amiddle-schooltextbook

B.ascientificreportC.Amagazineonhealth

D.anadinthenewspaper(四)Manypeoplewanttoknowhowtohelpkidsbefitter.Therearesomestepsonlyparentscantake,butkidscantakecharge,too.Ifyou,akid,wanttobefit,thefollowingmaybeuseful.1.Eatavarietyoffoods,especiallyfruitsandvegetables.Youmayhaveafavoritefood,butthebestchoiceistoeatavariety.Inthatcase,you'remorelikelytogetthenutrientsyourbodyneeds.Shootforatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesaday－twofruitsandthreevegetables.2.Drinkwaterandmilkmostoften.Whenyou'rereallythirsty,coldwateristheNo.1thirstquencher(饮料).Andthere'sareasonyourschoolcafeteriaofferscartonsofmilk.Kidsneedcalciumtogrowstrongbones,andmilkisagreatsourceofthismineral.Aimfor3cupsofmilkperday,oritsequivalent.3.Listentoyourbody.Whatdoesitfeelliketobefull?Wheneating,noticehowyourbodyfeelsandwhenyourstomachfeelscomfortablyfull.Eatingtoomuchcanmakeyoufeeluncomfortableand,overaperiodoftime,canleadtounhealthyweightgain.4.Limitscreentime.ScreentimeistheamountoftimeyouspendwatchingTVorDVDs,playingvideogames,andusingthecomputer.Thelongeryouspendonthesesittingdownactivities,thelesstimeavailableforactivestuff,likebasketball,andswimming.TrytospendnoA.Peopledon’tneed7to8hoursofsleepanightintheirfifties.B.Thelessyousleepeverynight，themoreweightyou’lllose.C.Teenagersshouldgetmorethan10hoursofsleepanight.D.Ifyourmemorygetsworse，youmaynotgetenoughsleep.4.Whatwillprobablybewritteninthefollowingpart?A.HowtoimproveyoursleepB.Howimportantenoughsleepis!C.Howamazingifyoulookgood!D.Howtoavoidtroubleofseeing(七)

“Lifeisspeedingup.Everyoneisbecomingunwell.”Thismaysoundlikesomethingsomeonewouldsaytoday.Butinfact,anunwellpersonwholivedinRomeinAD53wroteit.

Wealllovenewinventions.Theyareexciting,amazingandcanevenchangeourlives.

Buthaveallthesedevelopmentsreallyimprovedthequalityofourlives?

Picturethis:You’rerushingtofinishyourhomeworkonthecomputer.Yourmobilephonerings,aQQmessagefromyourfriendappearsonthescreen,thenoisefromthetelephoneisgettinglouderandlouder.Suddenlythecomputergoesblankandyouloseallyourwork.Nowyouhavetostayupallnighttogetitdone.

Inventionshavespeededupourlivessomuchthattheyoftenleaveusfeelingstressedandtired.Whydoyouthinkpeoplewholivefarawayfromnoisycities,whohavenotelephones,nocars,notevenanyelectricityoftenseemtobehappier?Perhapsthatisbecausetheylivesimplerlives.

OnefamilyintheUKwent“backintime”toseewhatlifewaslikewithoutalltheinventionswehavetoday.Thegrandparents,withtheirdaughter,andgrandsons,Benjamin,10,andThomas,7,spentnineweeksina1940shouse.Theyhadnowashingmachine,microwave,computerormobilephone.

Thegrandmother,Lyn,said,“Themorethingsyouhave,themoredifficultlifebecomes.”Theboyssaidtheyfoughtless.Probably,theysaid,becausetherewaslesstofightover,suchastheircomputer.Benjaminalsonoticedthathisgrandmotherhadchangedfrombeingatrendy,been-drinkinggranny,toonewhocookedthings.1.Thewriterusesthequote(引语)atthebeginningofthestoryto____________.A.tellusthetruthaboutlifeB.telluswhatlifewaslikealongtimeagoC.pointoutwhatcausessuchathingtohappenD.pointoutthatyouexperiencesomebigproblemsandtheymaybethesame2.Inthepassagethewriterdescribesapicturetoshowthatnewinventions____________.A.havestoppedourlivesB.haveimprovedthequalityofourlivesC.maymakepeoplefeelveryhappyD.maybringsomepeopletrouble3.Thefamilychosetospendsometimeina1940shousebecause______________.A.theylovedtolivesimplelivesB.theywantedtoknowhowpeoplelivedwithoutmoderninventionsC.theyweretroubledbymoderninventionsD.livinginadifferenttimewouldbealotoffunforthem4.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.A.problemswithtechnologyB.improvementsinourlivescausedbytechnologyC.changeshappeningtotechnologyD.theimportanceoftechnology(八)Itseemsthatschoolchildrenallovertheworldcomplain(抱怨)abouttheirschoolfood.Whatdostudentsofyourageeatforlunchatschoolinothercountries?Japan

Highschoolshavediningrooms.Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice,butnotburgersandchips.Otherchildrenbringfoodfromhome,suchascoldriceballs,meatorfish,picklesc泡菜)andvegetables.Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.UnitedStates

AtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken,lettuceandpickles,fruitandcookies.Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(总量)ofnecessarynutrition(营养),suchas,

vitaminA,vitaminCandcalcium(钙).Australia

Meatpies,sausagerolls(香肠巷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolshops.Butasthecountrypaysmoreattentiontochildren'shealth,healthierfoodshavestartedtoappearonschoolmenus.Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.Thesaleofredlabeled（标注)foods,includingcookies,chocolateandsoftdrinks.It’sservedonlytwiceaweek.Healthiergreenlabeledfoodssuchassushi,sandwiches,cornandwatermelons,however,areavailableeveryday.SouthAfrica

MostofSouthAfricanschoolsdonotservemealsatall.

Classesendatl;30p.m.andstudentsgettheirownlunches.Manystudentsbringfoodfromhome,usuallysandwiches.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.Asaresult,ithascausedariseinobesity(肥胖)amongchildren.Butasmorepeoplebegantorealizethatbeingtoofatmaycausedifferentkindsofseriousillnesses,someschoolsintownshaveledthewaytowardsbetternutrition.Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunchesofporridgewithvegetables,suchascabbage,onions,beans,carrotsandtomatoes.1.HighschoolsinJapanserve___________

A.noodlesandrice

B.burgersandriceballs

C.chipsandvegetables

D.fishandroastchicken2.Fromthepassage,weknowthetypicalmenufromaUSschoolis______.

A.delicious

B.quitehealthy

C.notveryhealthy

D.popularinSouthAfrica3.WhicharetraditionaldishesinAustralia?

A.Meatpiesandhotdogs.

B.Chocolateandsoftdrinks.

C.Cookiesandsushi.

D.Sandwichesandcorn.4.InSouthAfrica,_________________.

A.moststudentshavesandwichesandvegetablesforlunch

B.studentslikefastfoodandfriedfoodverymuch

C.moreandmorestudentsbecomeill

D.studentsrealizedthatfastfoodandfriedfoodwerebadfortheirhealth5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.ParentsinJapanareinvitedtotastethefoodtwiceayear.

B.IntheUnitedStates,

schoollunchesmustprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamountofnecessarynutrition.

C.InAustralia,manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.

D.InSouthAfrica,schoolsdon'tservemeals.(九)Today,peoplewanttokeephealthythroughsportsandexercise.Butsomeofthemhavesomewrongideasaboutit.“Aplateofchickenisagoodmealbeforegamesbecauseithasmuchenergy.”Infact,thebestmealbeforegamesshouldhavecarbohydrates(碳水化合物).Foodlikepotatoes,bread,bananasarerich(富有……的)init,butchickenandmeatarenot.“Thebesttimetoexerciseisearlyinthemorning.”No！Morningisagoodtimetoexercise,butitmaynotbesuitablefor(适合)you.Ifanafternoonoreveningperiodissuitableforyou,andyouenjoythefeelingofgettinghealthier,youcanchoose(选择)anytimetoexercise.Sothereisnofixedtimeforyoutoexercise.“Ifyoudrinkwaterwhenyouexercise,you’llfeeltired.”Thefactisthatyoumusthavesomewaterduringbreaks(休息时间)whenyouexercise.Andafterexercising,youmusthaveenoughwater.Ifyoudon’tdrinkenoughwater,thenyoumayfeeltired.“Exercisingeverydayisquiteimportant.”Wrong！Toomuchexerciseisbadforourhealth.Youneedtogiveyourbodyadayofrest.1.Itisgoodforyoutoeat________beforegames.

A.bananas

B.chicken

C.meat

D.beef2.Theunderlinedword“fixed”probablymeans________inChinese.

A.重要的

B.困难的

C.固定的

D.简单的3.Thewriterwouldlikeyouto________.

A.eatmuchmeatbeforeexercising

B.drinkenoughwaterafterexercising

C.takeexerciseonlyinthemorning

D.exerciseeveryday4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Don’tdrinkwaterwhenyouexercise,oryou’llfeeltired.

B.Eveningisthebesttimetoexercisebecauseit’salwayscool.

C.Youshouldeatenoughmeatbecausetheycangiveyouenergybeforegames.

D.Exercisingtoomuchisnotgoodforus.5.Whichofthefollowingwillbethebesttitle(标题)?A.Results(结果)ofsportsandexercise.

B.Besttimeforsportsandexercise.

C.Reasonsforsportsandexercise.

D.Wrongideasaboutsportsandexercise.(十)Whydopeoplesmoke?Onereasonisthatpeoplebecomeaddictedto(对……有瘾)cigarettes.Theaddictivesubstanceincigarettesisnicotine.Whenpeoplesmoke,thenicotinegoesrightintothebloodstreamandmakespeoplerelaxed.Asmoker'sbodybecomesusedtothenicotineandifhestopssmokinghefeelsnervous.Manysmokerstrytogiveupsmoking,butbecauseoftheaddictiontonicotinetheyfeelsouncomfortablethattheyoftenfindittoohardtodoso.Anotherreasonisthatpeopleonlyenjoysmoking.Havingacigaretteformanypeoplemeanstakingabreak.Forsomepeoplesmokingbecomespartofcertainsocialrituals(礼节),forexample,thecigaretteafterdinner.Lotsofpeopleenjoysmokingbecauseitprovidessomethingtodowiththeirhands.Reachingforacigarette,lightingit,andflickingtheashesisespeciallycomfortableinsituationswhereapersonfeelsnervous.Manypeoplealsolikethetasteoftar(焦油)incigarettes.However,itisthetarthatcausescancer.Whilegovernmentsandhealthexpertshavetriedtogetpeopletogiveupsmokingcompletely,cigarettemanufacturers(制造商)havetriedtokeepsellingthembyproducingcigaretteswithlesstar.Manypeopleinwesterncountrieshavewelcomedthesecigarettessincetheyfindithardtogiveupsmoking,butwanttoreducethedangertotheirhealth.1．Lotsofpeoplebecomeaddictedt