2019年高中英语Unit3LifeinthefutureSectionⅢGrammar过去分词作状语教案(含解析)新人教版

SectionⅢGrammar—过去分词作状语语法图解研究发现1．①Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.②Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.③Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth’sgravity.2．①Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.BecauseIwashitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.②Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,andwasabsorbedbyitsefficiency.3．①Whenofferedhelp,oneoften②Theresearchissodesignedthat

says“Thankyou”oncebegunnothing

or“It’skindofyou.”canbedonetochangeit.[我的发现](1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：①原由状语；②条件状语；③陪伴状况或方式状语。比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)能够转变成相应的状语从句或并列句。从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或退步的状语，可用“附属连词＋过去分词”构造。可用于该构造中的附属连词有：when,once,while,if,unless,asif,as,than,though,although等。一、过去分词作状语的种类过去分词作状语，能够表示时间、退步、条件、原由、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间组成逻辑上的被动关系。1．作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教课工作的看法时，菲利普说他感觉它既风趣又存心义。2．作原由状语相当于原由状语从句或并列句。Absorbedinpainting

,Johndidn

’tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015·天津高考单项选择)＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn

hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.’tnoticeeveningapproaching.因为专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3．作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unlessUsedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

等变换成条件状语从句。假如用得认真的话，一罐能够够用六周。4．作退步状语相当于退步状语从句。有时可加although,

though,evenif,

eventhough,whether...or等连词变换成退步状语从句。Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.只管被敌手击败，可是他从没放弃希望。5．作方式、陪伴状语相当于and连结的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift,

deeplymoved.Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了礼品，深深地被感人了。[名师点津]值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因根源于系表构造，作状语时不重申被动而重在描绘主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常有的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(

躲)；lost/absorbedin(

沉迷于

)；dressedin(

衣着)；tiredof(

讨厌)。Lostinthought

,hedidn

’thearthebell.因为堕入深思之中，他没有听到铃声。[即时操练1]用所给词的适合形式填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Developed(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.(2015·重庆高考改编)Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.③(2014·湖南高考改编)Children,whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.⑤Translated(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundentirelydifferentwordorder.(2)句型变换

to

have

anWhenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful.Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Given_more_time,_we_could_do_it_much_better.④Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_some_workers.二、过去分词作状语时的地点过去分词作条件、原由实时间状语时，往常放在句首；作陪伴、结果状语时，往常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作退步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill

,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(

原由状语

)得悉母亲患病了，李雷快速赶回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,

supportedbyhisson

.(

方式状语

)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立构造作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这类带有自己主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立构造。过去分词的独立构造在句中作状语时，往常可表示时间、原由、条件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015·江苏高考单项选择)好多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都遇到健康问题的困扰。[即时操练2]用独立主格构造作状语改写句子Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→The_lecture_given,_alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmany

famous

cars,none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries.Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_hefeltveryhappy.四、过去分词与此刻分词作状语的差别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；此刻分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。[助记]分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing

，被动用-ed。Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(

动宾关系

)因为用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈腐。Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(

主谓关系

)在使用这本书时，我发现它很实用。[名师点津

]

不论是此刻分词仍是过去分词，

其逻辑主语一定和句子的主语一致。

假如不一致，则一定用状语从句、独立主格构造等其余表达形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.([即时操练3]用所给词的适合形式填空

×)

√)

√)①WhenI

waslittle,

mymother

usedto

sit

bymybed,

telling

(tell)

mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,absorbed(absorb)inhisvideogames.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)Founded(found)inMoscowafter

the1905revolution,

thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.2．Designed(design)verycleverlytofitintocorners,theshelfdoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.3．Thenewtechnology,ifapplied(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.4．Considered(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.5．Given(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.6．Filled(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.7．Whenfirstintroduced(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.8．Located(locate)inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.9．Surrounded(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.10．Disappointed(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.Ⅱ.单句写作1．Once_lost,_suchachancemightnevercomeagain.一旦失掉，这样的时机可能永久不会再来了。2．Grown_in_rich_soil,_theseseedscangrowfast.假如种在肥饶的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。3．

Edited_by_three_language_experts,_the

dictionary

hasbeenpopular

withreaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.因为被三位语言专家编写，这本词典自从两年前上市以来就向来遇到读者欢迎。4．Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.洗浴在阳光中，我们快乐得喝彩雀跃。5．Offered_an_important_role

inanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.因为他人给他供给了一部新电影里的重要角色，安迪有时机有名了。6．Thereisclear

evidence

that

children

whotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemorycompared_with_thosewhohavenomusicaltraining.这里有显然的凭证，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子对比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。7．Whenexposed_to_stress,_inwhateverform,allofusreactbothmentallyandphysically.当裸露在压力之下时，不论以什么形式，我们全部的人都会从精神和身体上作出反响。8．Devoted_to_his_science_research,_hehasenjoyedfameallovertheworld.因为献身于科学研究事业，他在全球颇负盛名。Ⅲ.语法填空Farmingwasoncethemainwayoflifeinnearlyeverycountry.Peoplecannotlive__1__food,andnearlyalltheirfoodcomesfromcropsandanimals__2__(raise)onfarms.Manyothermaterialsalsocomefromplantsandanimals.Nownotmanypeoplefarmforalivinga