托福写作课件原始订版机制的提纲

独立写作

机智の提纲正确的分段目标1在5-7分钟内完成提纲目标2Iamableto…时间规划要求：30分钟300-400字合理安排：读题和审题2分钟构思观点列提纲3分钟全文写作23分钟检查2分钟整体布局OrganizationTellthereaderwhattheessayisaboutexplainwhyyourmainideaisgoodrestatetheimportanceofideasandthesis,sumupthemainideasDevelopmentofthethesisIntroductionMainIdeasSupportingIdeasConclusion例题1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Itismoreimportantforthegovernmenttospendmoneyonnewbuildingsthantopreservehistoricortraditionalbuildingsandhomes.单边论证与双边论证

单边论-最简单也最困难第一段开头段第二段赞同，选择或反对理由1第三段赞同，选择或反对理由2第四段结尾段例题1观点：同意开头段：背景第二段：新建筑有助于缓解人口压力Thepopulationpressurecouldbeeffectivelyeasedifgovernmentsallocatemoneytoresidentialbuildings.第三段：新建筑可以提供更多有用的功能。Buildingswithadvancedfacilitiesandcomprehensivefunctionsarerequiredbymodernsociety.结尾段：总结双边论（1）-一个都不能少第一段：开头段第二段：A观点的合理分析第三段：B观点的合理分析第四段：结尾段例题1立场:不同意开头段背景+不同意，一样重要第二段阐述老建筑重要性Traditionalbuildingsaresymbolofcivilizationandtheycouldgeneratefinancialbenefitsforthelocal.第三段但是，新建筑也是一样重要的。However，itistruethatthehighpopulationpressureandrapidurbanizationrequiresmorelivingplacesandbuildingswithmoreadvancedfacilitiesandcomprehensivefunctions.结尾段重申两者一样重要。双边论（1）-避免绝对第一段：开头段第二段：自己不倾向的观点的合理性反驳第三段：自己所支持的观点理由1第四段：自己所支持的观点理由2第五段：结尾段第一段：开头段第二段：自己所支持的观点理由1第三段：自己所支持的观点理由2第四段：自己不倾向的观点的合理性与驳斥第五段：结尾段例题1立场：不同意第一段背景第二段老建筑的好处简要分析。Itisadmittedthattraditionalbuildingsaresymbolofcivilization.第三段新建筑有助于缓解人口压力Thepopulationpressurecouldbeeffectivelyeasedifgovernmentsallocatemoneyonresidentialbuildings.第四段新建筑可以提供更多有用的功能。Buildingswithadvancedfacilitiesandcomprehensivefunctionsarerequiredbymodernsociety.结尾段总结，重申真正的立场主题句写作Somepeoplebelievethataschoolshouldspendmoneyonimprovingcafeteriafoods.Otherpeoplebelievethataschoolshouldspendmoneyonsocialactivitiesforstudentsafterschool.Whatisyouropinionandwhy.Thesis:Schoolshouldspendmoremoneyonthepromotionofthequalityandtasteofcafeteriafoods.Branchthesis1:Improvedfoodsarebeneficialforstudents’healthandsafety.Branchthesis2:Foodsarebasicneedsforstudents’livelihood.Branchthesis3:Allayparents‘worriesaboutchildren’sphysicalgrowth.问题一：观点重叠Somepeoplebelievethataschoolshouldspendmoneyonimprovingcafeteriafoods.Otherpeoplebelievethataschoolshouldspendmoneyonsocialactivitiesforstudentsafterschool.Whatisyouropinionandwhy.Thesis:Schoolshouldspendmoremoneyonthepromotionofthequalityandtasteofcafeteriafoods.Branchthesis1:HighqualityanddiversifiedcafeteriafoodscontributetophysicalwellbeingBranchthesis2:Tastyfoodsdevelopstudents’pleasantmoodforstudying.BranchthesisBranchthesis3:Cafeteriawithimprovedfoodqualityprovidesidealplacesforstudentstogathertogetherorhavediscussions.问题一：观点重叠问题二：不够简洁和直接157.Distance-learning&traditionalschoolFirstofall,ifIstudyathomeusingmoderntechnologies,thenitwillsavemehugeamountoftimeintermsoftravellingandIdonotneedtowaitforbusfor10minutesandthenwasteanother30minutesontheway.Secondly，takingonlinecourses,suchasHarvardfreeonlinecourses,helpsstudentstoimprovetheiracademicperformancebecausetheycanlearnthingsthatarenotaughtintheschooltheystudyin.问题二：不够简洁和直接157.Distance-learning&traditionalschoolFirstofall,studyingathomeistimeefficient.Takingonlinecourseshelpsstudentstoimprovetheiracademicperformance.Itenablesstudentstoaccessmorevaluableinformationthatarenotavailableintheschooltheystudyin.Forexample,theHarvardfreeonlinecourses…问题三：涵盖多重观点157.Distance-learning&traditionalschoolFirstofall,studyingathomeistimeefficientandithelpsstudentstoimprovetheiracademicperformance.构思原则简明性概括性单一性独立性提纲练习一箩筐列提纲练习1TOPIC1:Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Studentscouldreceiveabetter,moreefficienteducationiftheyspend11monthsayearstudying.（080330CNW2）Firstofall，studyingnearlyawholeyearwithoutanyintervalsishighlylikelytounderminestudents’enthusiasmforstudies.Anothercrucialfactoristhatasedentarylifeposesathreatonstudents'physicalhealth，whichwillindirectlyhaveanegativeinfluenceonstudent’sacademicperformance.列提纲练习2Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?The

bestwaytoreduce

airpollutionisthatgovernmenttoRaisethecostoffuelofthecars.(2013.04.27NA)-raisethecostoffuelA-raisethecostofcarsB-freepublictransportationC-moreplantsD-morerecyclematerialsE…………解题关键：攻击最高级，分类讨论，让步转折主体段1：诚然，A不错；A很重要主体段2：但是，B,C也不错。B,C也重要。结尾段：

所以说，A是很好的，但是不是最好的。主体段1：诚然，A不错；A很重要主体段2：但是，A优缺点。（相比B，他哪里不好）

结尾段：

所以说，A是很好的，但是不是最好的。诚然的说法-Admittedly，-Iconcedethat...-Itisadmittedthat…-Wecannotdenythat-Objectively,Ahassomemerit.-Itmaybetruethat.....(doesoffersomebenefits).-Icanunderstandwhysomepeoplethinkthat...提纲练习1Wecannotdenythatincreasingthepriceoffuelisbeneficialtotheenvironment.However,therearevariousefficientwaystoalleviatepollution.Inconclusion,wecannotsimplyclaimthatincreasingpetrolpriceisthebestsolution.列提纲练习2Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachers.

develop/shapechildren’scharactershelpchildrentofoster/cultivate/nurturegoodhabitscorrectchildren’swrongdoings/deficiencyimmediatelyspendalotoftimewithchildren—significanteffectsoverparenting----leadtooverdependence,low-confidenceParentscannotteachknowledgeofsubjectssystematicallyasschoolteachersSomeparentsmightlackknowledgeofparentingParentswanttopassontheirvaluestotheirchildrenwhogrowupinadifferentworld文章提纲Introduction：（表达倾向性观点：反对）Parentscanbeveryimportantteachersintheirchildren’slives;however,theyarenotalwaysthebestteachers.Bodypara1:(让步)Itisnodenyingthatparentsspendthemosttimewiththeirchildrenandcanhelpchildrenfostergoodhabits.Bodypara2:(转折)However,over-parentingisdetrimentaltothechildren’sgrowingup.Bodypara3:(递进）Besides,parentscannotteachknowledgeofsubjectssystematicallyasschoolteachers.Conclusion:

（重申自己的观点）列提纲练习3Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Newspaperandmagazinesarethebestwaystolearnaboutaforeigncountry.Movie:acousticandvisualTravelling:hands-onexperienceInternet:informative,efficient文章提纲Introduction：（表达倾向性观点：反对）Ifindnewspaperandmagazinesareoneofthewaysinsteadofthebestwaytolearnaboutaforeigncountry.Bodypara1:(让步)Wecannotdenythatmagazinesandnewspapersactuallypresentsomevaluableinformationaboutforeigncountries.(Astraditionalsourceofinformation,newspaperandmagazineshavehelpedpeopletolearnabouttheoutsideworldalot.)Bodypara2:(举反例)However,therearemanyotherchannelstoexploretheoutsideworld.Movies…Internet…travelling.Conclusion:

（重申自己的观点）exoticcultures列提纲练习3Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldreadonlythosebooksthatareaboutrealevents,realpeopleandestablishedfacts.BrainstormingDisagreeFairytalebooksStimulatechildren’simaginationandcreativitySciencefictionTurnsouttobeaccuratepredictionsaboutfuturetechnologyArtificialIntelligenceFantasyromancenovelsImagineandbecomecreativeHarryPotter(J.K.Rowling)AsongofIceandfire(GeorgeR.R.Marti)DetectivenovelsEntertainingfortheykeepreadersinsuspense文章提纲Introduction：（表达倾向性观点：反对）Peopleshouldreadmanydifferenttypesofbooks.Bodypara1:(让步)Wecannotdenythatthosenon-fictionbooksaresurelyinformativeandfactual.Bodypara2:(举反例)However,fictionsdobenefitpeoplealotinone’slife.Fairytalebooks….Detectivestories…andSciencefiction…Conclusion:

（重申自己的观点）Don’tconfineyourinternetsaboutbookstooneparticulargenre.列提纲练习5Thegovernmentshouldsupportscientificresearcheveniftheresearchdoesnothaveanypracticaluse.(All)Thegovernmentshouldsupportscientificresearcheveniftheresearchdoesnothaveanypracticaluse.文章提纲分类方法1找准隐藏名词，分类讨论主体段1:

Thegovernmentofdevelopedcountriescouldsupportunpracticalresearches.主体段2：Whileforthegovernmentofdevelopingcountries,scientificresearchesshouldfocusonpracticalapplication.分类方法2各个层面，逐个讨论个人unsatisfiedneeds社会povert