2022年英语四级考试翻译练习六

2022英语四级考试翻译练习六Directions:Readtheunderlinedsentencescarefully,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Youmaycheckyouranswersafteryoufinishthem.

PassageOne

Waterontheearthisbeingrecycledcontinuouslyinaprocessknownasthehydrologic（水）cycle.Thefirststepofthecycleistheevaporationofwaterintheoceans.Evaporationistheprocessofwaterturningintovapor,whichthenformscloudsinthesky.Thesecondstepisthewaterreturningtotheearthintheformofprecipitation(降水)：eitherrain,snoworice.Whenthewaterreturningtotheearth’ssurface,itrunsoffintotherivers,lakes,andtheocean,wherethecyclebeginsagain.

Notallwater,however,staysonthesurfaceoftheearthinthehydrologic（水）cycle.Someofitsinksslowlyintothegroundthroughinfiltration(渗透)andcollectsundertheearth’ssurfaceasgroundwater.Thisgroundwaterisextremelyimportanttolifeonearth,since95percentoftheearth’swaterisintheoceansandistoosaltyforhumanbeingsorplants.Ofthe5percentonland,only.05percentisabovegroundinriversorlakes.Therestisundergroundwater.Thisundergroundwaterisplentifulanddependable,becauseitdoesn’tdependonseasonalrainorsnow.Itisthemajorsourceofwaterformanycities.Butasthepopulationincreasesandtheneedforwateralsoincreases,thegroundwaterinsomeareasisgettingdangerouslylow.Addedtothisproblemisanincreasingamountofpollutionthatseepsintothegroundwater.Inthefuture,withagrowingpopulationandmorepoisonouswaste,thehydrologiccyclewedependoncouldbecomedangerouslyunbalanced.

PassageTwo

AdvertisinginAmericaofferssomegreatadvantagestoconsumers.Forexample,inordertokeeppriceslowthroughmassproduction,companiesmusthaveamassmarketfortheirproducts.Massadvertisingcreatesmassmarkets.Producerscannotaffordtodevelopnewproducts,putthemonthemarketandwaitforcustomerstodiscoverthem.Thiswouldtaketoolong.Demandforsomeproductsmustbecreated.Thisisdonethroughadvertising.

Butadvertisingsometimesmakesitdifficultforconsumerstomakewisedecisions.Thefactisthatwhenpeopleareconstantlyfloodedwithmessagesthroughthemassmedia（群众媒体）persuadingthemtobuyparticularproducts,manyrespondbybuyingthem.

Advertisingisdesignedtoinfluenceanindividualtobuyaproduct.Sellersoftenstudyhumanbehaviortodiscoverwhatwillconvinceconsumerstobuyacertainitem.Thisreasonforbuyingiscalledabuyingmotive.

Buyingmotivesareusuallybrokendownintotwocategories:rationalandemotional.Rationalbuyingmotivesincludethedesiretosavemoney,thedesireforcomfort,orthedesireforgoodworkmanship.Emotionalbuyingmotivesincludebuyingoutoffear,wantingtobeliked,andwantingtohavesomethingbetterthanyourfriendshave.

Emotionalappealsarefoundinmostconsumeradvertisingtoday.Certaincarspromisetomakethedriverfeel“younger”and“freer”.Shoespromisetomakethebuyer’swholelife“springier”.Lifeinsurancepoliciespromisetotakethe“careoutofliving”.

Mostconsumersbelievethattheyarenoteasilyinfluencedbyemotionalappeals.However,corporationsthatsellconsumerproductsobviouslythinkdifferently.Theyspendmaymillionsofdollarseverydayonradio,television,newspaperandmagazineadsthatusetheseappeals.

PassageThree

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming（把…按力量分班）pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivethemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellashowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothiseffectively.Anexpectourpupilstodotheirbest,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

PassageFour

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybeagameofsomekindoffootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmaybemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakeriskonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.

Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentthingthatitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.

Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaro