2022年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容(三)

2022年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容（三）第十篇

WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Wash0ehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunity1andaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage2.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.

2ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardners7describedWashoe”sprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstand4about250words.Forexample,Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,“Whoiscomingtoplay?“Once5thenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirown6intothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.

3However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennow,therearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe”skeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardners7.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.

4ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelievesWashoeprovidednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees8.Today,therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Partofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.

5Debatecontinuesaboutchimps”understandingofhumancommunication.Yet,onethingissure--Washoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilitiesofanimalintelligence.

词汇:

chimpanzeen．黑猩猩criticn．评论家，批判家

communityn．社区，圈子workingsn．活动，运行

primaten．灵长类动物chimpn．=chimpanzee

解释：

1.inthescientificcommunity:在科学界，在科学家的圈子里

2.AmericanSignLanguage(ASL):美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身体姿态表达思想的美国聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用ASL。ASL与BritishSignLanguage(BSL英国手语)不同，两者不能相互理解。

3.ledtodebate:引起辩论。leadto意为“导致”，to为介词，debate为名词。

4.shegrewtounderstandabout250words:她慢慢把握约250个单词。9rowt0是“慢慢”的意思。

5.Once:一旦。0nce是连接词。例:Childrenliketocycleoncetheyhavelearnedhow.小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜爱上它。

6.oftheirown:属于自己的。oftheirown的含义与ontheirown不同，ontheirown是“单独”的意思。

7.theGardners:Gardner夫妇

8.ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelieve...:像个体讨论者JaneGoodall这样的科学家信任……。like(像，跟……一样)是介词，本句的谓语是believe。句子中的privateresearcher意为“不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研人员。”

练习：

AReasonWhyNotManyScientistsCarryoutThisResearchNowadays

BReportaboutWashoe”sProgressinLearningSignLanguage

CGeneralInformationaboutWashoe

DTheGardeners”ContributionsRecognized

EDebateonChimps”Intelligence

FWashoe”sLoveforThreeYoungChimps

1.Paragraph1▁▁

2.Paragraph2▁▁

3.Paragraph3▁▁

4.Paragraph4▁▁

5.Washoecouldmakesignstocommunicate

6.Somescientistsdoubted

7.Washoetaughtthreeyoungerchimpssignlanguage

8.TheexperimentersthoughtWashoewasintelligent

AiftheGardeners”argumentwassound

Bbecauseshewasclevererthanotherchimps

Cwhenshewantedtoeat

DwhileshewasataresearchcenterinEllensburg

Ebecauseshecouldusesignlanguagetoaskforfruits

FwhileWashoewaslearningsignlanguage

答案与题解：

1.C第一段主要介绍猩猩Washoe的诞生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般状况。用GeneralInformationaboutWashoe来概括是很精确的。

2.B其次段的关键句是In1969,theGardnersdescribedWashoe”sprogressinascientificreport.随后的句子简单的介绍了Washoe的学习状况和结果，如已学会了250个单词，并能用手语表达“该吃饭了”等概念。所以，ReportaboutWashoe”sProgressinLearningSignLanguage(选项B)是答案。

3.E第三段介绍了对Gardener夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为Washoe的手语力量只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质鼓励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为学问智能的表现，其证据是Washoe还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争辩的焦点是猩猩有没有智能。选项E用debate来概括上述争辩，所以是答案。

4.A第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项讨论的科学家人数不多。局部缘由是讨论周期太长。

5.C选C的第四段其次句：Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.

6.A第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对Gardener夫妇的试验的解读所持疑心态度。题干中消失的doubted引导我们选A。

7.D选DDE依据是第三段的最终一句,即“HetookW