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voa常速英语材料
July31,2022
It’sestimatedthatillicitfishingaccountsforup26milliontonsofseafoodayearandcoststheglobaleconomyasmuchas26billiondollarsannually.Aninternationalagreementtohelpcurbtheproblemisgainingsupport,butstillneedsmorebackersbeforeitcantakeeffect.
Illegal,unreportedandunregulatedfishing–orIUU–notonlycauseseconomicdamage,butisathreattofoodsecurityandbiodiversity.
TheU.N.FoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysIUUencompassesfishingwithoutauthorization,harvestingprotectedspecies,usingoutlawedfishinggearandviolatingquotalimits.Itaccountsforover15percentoftheglobalseafoodtake.
LankanfishermenstandonafishingvesselasitleavesafisheryharborinNegombo,Negombo,outskirtsofColombo,SriLanka,Wednesday,Oct.15,2022.Initsfightagainstillegalfishingactivitiesworldwide,theEuropeanCommissionerforMaritimeAffairsandFisheries,MariaDamanaki,onTuesdayannouncedabanofimportsoffisheriesproductsfromSriLankatotacklethecommercialbenefitsstemmingfromillegalfishing.(APPhoto/ErangaJayawardena)
LankanfishermenstandonafishingvesselasitleavesafisheryharborinNegombo,Negombo,outskirtsofColombo,SriLanka,Wednesday,Oct.15,2022.Initsfightagainstillegalfishingactivitiesworldwide,theEuropeanCommissionerforMaritimeAffairsandFisheries,MariaDamanaki,onTuesdayannouncedabanofimportsoffisheriesproductsfromSriLankatotacklethecommercialbenefitsstemmingfromillegalfishing.(APPhoto/ErangaJayawardena)
Dr.MatthewCamilleri,oftheFAO’sFisheriesandAquaculturePolicyandEconomicsDivisioninRome,saidtheproblemrangesfrombigfishingvesselsonthehighseastosmall-scalecoastaloperations.
“Illegalfishingcouldbethatvesselsarefishinginareaswherefishingisprohibitedbecausetherearefragileecosystems,whichcanbeaffectedbyfishingactivities–orfishingistakingplaceusingfishinggearwhichisprohibitedorthedimensionsofthegeararenotinlinewiththeregulationsthathavebeenset.So,hooksizesmaybetoosmallormeshsizesmaybetoosmall,forexample.”
Hesaidunreportedandunder-reportedfishingarealsowidespread.
“Fishingvesselsjustfailtoreportontheircatchesthroughlogbooks,forexampleorthroughelectronicsystemsthatareinplace.Ortheyarenotreportingontheiractuallocation.So,therearemanykindsofinfringementsthatcouldbeassociatedwithillegal,unreportedandunregulatedfishing.”
Camillerisaidtheillicitpracticesendangerfishstocks.
“Whenwesayendangered,notinthesenseofendangeredasbeingonthevergeofextinction,butendangeredinthesensethattherearestockswhichcouldbeoverfished.Thismeansthatthere’sgoingtobefewerandfewerfishavailabletobecaughtbythegoodfishersand,therefore,lessavailabilityforfuturegenerations,”hesaid.
Whetherfisharecaughtlegallyorillegally,theyhavetobebroughttosomeporttobeunloadedandsold.Andaportisagoodplaceforinspectiontotakeplace.
In2022,FAOmembercountriesadoptedtheAgreementonPortStateMeasurestoPrevent,DeterandEliminateIllegal,UnreportedandUnregulatedFishing.
Camillerisaid,“Theagreementlaysdownaminimumsetofproceduresthateveryportstatemustfollowwhenacceptingforeignfishingvesselscomingintotheirport.There’sachecklistthateverystatemustfollowwhenaforeignfishingvesselrequestsentryintoport,firstandforemost.Itislikewhenanindividualistravelingtoanothercountry.Insomecasesyourequestavisa.”
Theagreementoutlineswhattypesofinspectionswouldbeconductedtoensurethecatchislegal.
“Theagreementgoesfurtherinsayingthateveryportstate,thatis,everycountrythatisacceptingforeignvesselsintotheircountriesmustdesignatetheirports.Theymustspecifyinwhichportsforeignvesselsareallowedin.Andinthoseportsthereshouldbetheprocedures–atleasttheminimumprocedures–definedbytheagreement,whichneedtobeimplemented,”saidCamilleri.
Effortsoutsideofportscanincludesatellitemonitoringoffishingvesselmovements,aswellasseapatrolsinfishingzones.
Totakeeffect,theagreementneedstobeapprovedby25
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