2022年考研英语冲刺阅读理解专项训练163

2022年考研英语冲刺阅读理解专项训练163Intoday’spublicdomain，scientistsarehighlyrespectedbutnotnearlyasinfluentialastheyshouldbe．Inthearenaofpublicpolicy。theirvoicesaremostlymarginalized．Theydonothavetheinfluenceduetothembyvirtueoftheimportanceandrelevanceoftheirworkandofthepromisesanddangersitposesforourcommunallife．

Amongthemanyreasonsforscience’slagginginfluence，themajoroneisdifficulttoengagedirectly，becauseitissoelusive．Theunfortunaterealityisthatscientistsandtherestofsocietyoperateoutofvastlydifferentworldviews，especiallyinrelationtoassumptionsaboutwhatconstitutesknowledgeandhowtodealwithit．④Scientistsshareaworldviewthatpresupposesrationality，lawfulness，andorderliness．Theybelievethatanswerstomostempiricalproblemsareultimatelyobtainableifoneposestherightquestionsandapproachesthemscientifically．Theyarecomfortablewithmeasurementandquantification，andtheytakethelongview．Theybelieveinsharinginformation，andtheirorientationisinternationalistbecausetheyknowthateliscoveriestranscendborders．

ThenonscientificworldofeverydaylifeintheUnitedStatesmarchestoadifferentdrummer．Publiclifeisshotthroughandthroughwithirrationality，discontinuity，anddisorder．Decisionmakersrarelyhavetheluxuryofwaitingforverifiableanswerstotheirquestions，andwhentheyd0，almostnevergotothetroubleandcostofdevelopingthem．AverageAmericansareuncomfortablewithprobabilities，especiallyinrelationtoriskassessment，andtheirtimehorizonisshort．Policymakersareapprehensiveaboutsharinginformationandaremoreathomewithnationalintereststhanwithinternationalism．Mostproblemsareexperiencedwithanurgencyandimmediacythatmakepeopleimpatientforanswers；polieymakersmustdealwithissuesastheyariseandnotintermsoftheiraccessibilitytorationalmethodsofsolution。

Thisprofounddifferenceinworldviewmanifestsitselfinmanyforms，somesuperficial，somemoderatelyserious，andsomethatcryoutforurgentattention．[400words]

1．0urfuturemaybejeopardizedby______．

A．irrationality，discontinuity，anddisorder

B．thenarrowingdividebetweenscienceandsociety

C．thelackofinfluenceofscienceonpolicydecisions

D．thepromisesanddangersscienceposesforourcommunallife

2．Theunderlinedword“marginalized”inthe2ndparagraphmostprobablymeans______．

A．excluded

B．neglected

C．sacrificed

D．slighted

3．Oneimportantreasonforscience’slagginginfluenceisthat______．

A．mostempiricalproblemsarefrequentlyignoredbyscientificworld

B．rationality，1awfulness，andorderlinessareneverobtainableintherealworld

C．therelacksenoughcommunicationbetweenscientistsandnonscientists

D．policymakersusuallyholdadifferentworldviewfromthatofscientists

4．Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatmostpolicymakers______．

A．areanythingbutscientists

B．arenotqualifiedfortheirjobs

C．arerationalinmakingdecisions

D．arerarelyconcernedaboutnationalinterests

5．Thispassageismainlyabout______．

A．theprofounddifferencebetweenscientistsandaveragepeople

B．theapparentseparationbetweenscienceandsociety

C．howtomakedecisions