2018年高考英语二轮复习艺体生专练：专题19 阅读理解-说明文类

专题19阅读理解一一说明文类

方法与技巧

题型介绍：

材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。

具体说来它有以下几个特点：1.文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩,

具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等

修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2.句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一

个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3.常

使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

命题形式：

命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨

概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

方法概述

高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科

普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐。而科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性

强等特点，要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。

【试题特点】

①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强，内容抽象。

②贴近学生的学习、生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用。

③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析、解决实际问题的能力。

科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点，要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以

及重要细节上全面把握。科普说明文常设置下列题型：

a＞示题判断题

科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以Whatwouldbe型

besttitleforthispassage?为设问方式，解题时应特别注意因科普说明文常便白动植物是

如何保护自身的，因此多以Howdofdoes…defendthemselve《itself)为标题。

(2性词词义判断题

科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理，易出现一些学术

性较强的生词,因此常出现生词词义判断题,这种试题常以Whatdoestheunderlinedword

mean?或Whatisdiemeaningoftheunderlinedword。为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。

解题时一定要认真阅读原文，分析原文对自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理是

如何解释、如何定义的，在此基础上抽象概括出生词词义。

(3)代词指代判断题

科技说明文在对自然孰、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理进行解释时，易出现动

作变换多、人称转变频的现象，因此常出现代词指代判断题，这些试题常以it,也ey,山皿

等表物的代词为命题题点，要求考生木艮据上下文语境逻辑推断其才副弋对象。解题时应认

真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代。

(4)科学方法图示判断题

科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生

判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以

生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生

判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程

和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照

原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。

命题方式

考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序(时

间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，

难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或

细节出发来设计题目。

此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...

4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...?

1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类

题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：

AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.This

damwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.

ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromoneside

oftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamisso

bigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfrom

theroadtothebottom.Thereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfrom

NewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.Lateritwas

renamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneof

thehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.

Q：HooverDamlies.

A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyon

C.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco

D.bothAandB

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。

2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简

单的计算。

InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewell-receivedTVprogrammeStars

Tonightw,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessonthe

ShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLin

hasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanair

hostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathay

Airlineforsevenyears.However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheart

ofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,

designedbytheAsiaTVStation.

“It'sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon'tenterforsuchcompetitionany

more.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.Iamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkfor

thesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomake

adeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,“saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.

Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.

【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：takentoHongkong

可判断不是movedtoHongkongwithherparents,因此选B。

3、数据推算。

IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesame

time,youwillsave.

A.$100B.$300C.$350D.$400

这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和

推断。在做此类题时：

1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。

3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。

考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。

一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容

L短文的标题(title,headline)；

2.短文或段落的主题(subject)；

3.中心思想想ainidea)；

4.作者的写作目的(purpose)o

二、此类题的设问方式

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis.

考点三、推理推断。

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没

有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者

的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要

有：

1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat.

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.

5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat.

6.Thewriterimpliesthat.

7.Itcanbeinferredthat.

8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat.

9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat.

10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat.

11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat.

12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?

13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat.

14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat.

15.What,sthewriter'sattitude/feelingtowards...?

16.InthewriterJsopinion,...

考点四、词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语

的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。

此类题的设问方式主要有

1.Theword”,・・"inLine...means/canbereplacedby...

2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase”…"suggests...

3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase”is/referredto...

4.Theword”isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是

高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或

认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、

因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

L定义法。如：

Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcool

veryslowly.

句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。

Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为"牧人”。

2.同位法。如：

Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginold

times.

同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城

堡”。

Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.

两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。

3.对比法。如：

Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleof

herfirstclass.

but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了

一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

4.构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）。如：

Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?

possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能

性”。

5.因果法。如：

Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswas

permanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.

从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久”。

体验高考

[2017•北京卷]

D

Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶的）mindswilldrivearmiesof

killerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythat

artificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingother

thanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,who

foundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论），putitthisway:"Ifweuse,toachieve

ourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectively

interfere（干预），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachine

isthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusually

associatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,

thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogical

consequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurpose

ifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetching

coffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitch

orevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,

then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,super

intelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworld

asthechessboard.

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethe

mindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachines

insideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutnever

allowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelyto

work:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,let

alonesuperintelligentmachines.

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossible

butnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuper

intelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asit

hasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexist

aslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethe

goalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjustaswitchthemoff“asifsuperintelligent

machinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.Stillothersthinkthatsuper

intelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnest

Rutherfordstated,withconfidence,aAnyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthe

transformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine."However,onSeptember12,1933,

physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced（中子诱导）nuclearchain

reaction.

67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.

A.runoutofhumancontrol

B.satisfyhuman*srealdesires

C.commandarmiesofkillerrobots

D.workfasterthanamathematician

68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartly

becausetheymightbeableto.

A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyed

B.achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependently

C.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenorders

D.beathumansininternationalchessmatches

69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.

A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetter

B.besecureagainstevilhumanbeings

C.keepmachinesfrombeingharmed

D.avoidrobots，affectingtheworld

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafety

problemofsuperintelligentmachines?

A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAL

T-n4.,r.Red-backedfairywrens（鼾

BD.I+twillgetworsewithhumaninterference.、•'、

鸿）,whichliveinnorthem

C.Itwi11besolvedbutwithdifficulty.andeasternAustralia,lay

D.Itwillstayforadecade.llueeorfour-eggsalatime.

【文章大意】本文为科普类文章，讲的是随着科技的发展，人工智能（AI）可能会超出

人类的控制。

67.A段落大意题。第一段第二句说“人工智能虽然擅长完成任务，但这有可能不是我们真正想要

的“。因此选Ao

68.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“…awishtopreserveitsown

existence.可知答案为A。

69.D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“…butneverallowingthemtoaffectthe

realword."可知人们利用防火墙是为了避免机器人影响整个世界，故选D。

70.C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“•••seemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.”

推出超级智能机器人的安全问题有可能得到解决但是会有困难，故选C项。

[2017•江苏卷]

B

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.

Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother，svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.But

whenitcomestoembryoniclearning（月台教），birdscouldrulethoooost.Asrecently

reportedinTheAuk：OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung

tosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmum，s

cal1withinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,a

biologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragain

whilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilar

chirptotheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregularafeedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalysingtheorderandnumberof

notes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheir

mums.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilar

werethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperiment

thatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmum，svoicewere

rewardedwiththemostfood.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignal

neurological（神经系统的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionary

inferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,

ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks."Ourresults

suggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”

58.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood

59.WhatareKleindorfer，sfindingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmumsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland*slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich

A.canreceivequalitysignals

B.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetter

D.maketheloudestcall

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了一项新发现：幼鸟在被孵化前母鸟

便教它们识别声音了。母亲呼唤它们的鸟蛋越频繁，则它们的孩子越会发出相似的声音；幼

鸟的声音越像它们母亲的声音，则它们获得的食物奖励就越多。

58.B词义猜测题。第一段将人类婴儿与幼鸟进行了对比，画线词组所在句上文讲出

生前人的辨别声音的能力很强，下文讲一些母鸟在幼鸟被孵化之前就教它们学唱歌了。据此

可以判断，在胎教方面，鸟儿的表现是最好的，推测“ruletheroost”意为“bethebest”，

故选B项。

59.A细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethe

similarchirptotheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregular'feedme!'call.“可

知,当这些幼鸟被孵化出来的时候，它们也发出了和它们的妈妈类似的鸣叫。据此可知，SoniaKleindorfer

的发现是以母鸟和幼鸟叫声的相似点为基础的，故选A项。

60.C推理判断题。第四段"Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperiment

thatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmum'svoicewere

rewardedwiththemostfood.（一项单独的实验表明模仿母鸟声音最接近的幼鸟会得到最

多的食物）”和最后一段研究人员的研究结果表明，母鸟会选择质量优良的孩子，因此可以

推断，母鸟通过胎教来确定质量优良的幼鸟，即最会模仿它们声音的幼鸟。质量优良的幼鸟

无需过多帮助就能更好地适应环境，故选C项。

[2017•江苏卷]

D

Oldproblem,newapproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwill

continueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionswere

tobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate

change.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimate

adaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechange

isaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,but

toaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUS

NationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat：”Thereisno'one-sizefitsall'

adaptation.Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittle

riskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsome

poorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.

MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profit

organizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,and

healthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.

Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连接）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.

Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehow

tomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphel

livesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Theloss

ofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreatto

agriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhen

itcandamagecrops.NorpheTsinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwaterover

winter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectly

timedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphel

calculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuing

process,soNorpheTsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.

Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beableto

findothermeansofadapting.

IncreasingEarth，sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthe

suddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthe

warmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeis

heatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,cities

mayslowdownthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallen

victimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthe

hopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcome

isstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslist

of"100ideastosavetheplanetn.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmine

ownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeen

toowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfal1hasallowedhim

toplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglike

this—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.This

iscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepolluting

industriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhave

nochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessas

usual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinary

andastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadapt

ourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthat

way,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging

66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan*sproject?

A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.

67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.

68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpollution

B.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionalone

D.fightagainstcarbonpollution

70.What/stheauthor，spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.Settingupanewstandard.

B.Reducingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.

D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地适应如今全球变暖的气候的方

法。

65.A句意理解题。根据第二段第二句"Wearethereforenottalkingabout

adaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.“可

知I,我们并不是在讨论适应一个新的标准，而是适应不断变化的条件。据此可以判断，这句

话的意思是：适应是一个不断变化的过程。故选A项。

66.C细节理解题。根据第三段第三句uMohammedRezwansawopportunitywhere

otherssawonlydisaster.v以及该段其他内容可知，Rezwan所在的组织充分利用洪水灾

害为人们提供便利，故选C项。

67.A细节理解题。根据第四段"Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarming

representsanenormousthreattoagricultuxe-Norphel，sinspirationcamefromseeingthewaste

ofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring."可知，"冰人"适应全球变暖的影响的方法是冬

天将水冻成冰储存起来，以备春天用,故选A项。而这种方法并没有防止冰川的融化和改变灌溉的时间，

故排除B、C和D项。

68.D细节理解题。根据第五段^IncreasingEarth，sreflectivenesscancoolthe

planet…Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.”

以及第六段“…paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheadded

reflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.”可知,提高地球对光的反射能力可

以缓解气候变暖，而秘鲁农民的做法恰恰印证了这一点。故选D项。

69.D推理判断题。根据第七段“Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe've

lostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it，s

anonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.以及最后一段“Butthe

mostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitless

carbonpollution.v可知，一些污染企业辩解称他们无法控制碳污染，只能选择适应，这

完全是胡扯，污染企业仍然要减少碳排放，与碳污染做斗争。故选D项。

70.B推理判断题。根据文章最后两句"Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationis

surelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifwe

adaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.“可知，作

者认为最合理的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，此举将避免在其他很多方面改变的需

要。故选B项。

[2017•全国卷I]

D

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸镭苫号）isoneofthebestwaystoobtain

drinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.Developedbytwo

doctorsintheUSDepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.

Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbut

impossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,are

a5'X5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,and

acontainer-perhapsjustadrinkingcup-tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbe

foldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpsti