2019译林版高中英语选择性必修三Unit2 Out of this world 知识清单（教师版）

。。。阅读单词认读floatvi.飘动，漂流；浮vt.使浮动，使漂流ceilingn.天花板；上限mosquiton.(pl.mosquitoesormosquitos)蚊子microscopen.显微镜maintenancen.维护，保养；维持，保持telescopen.望远镜orbitvt.&vi.围绕……运动；沿轨道运行n.(天体等运行的)轨道shuttlen.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)hydrogenn.氢，氢气rocketn.火箭；火箭武器重点单词识记astronautn.宇航员，航天员gravityn.重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃cupboardn.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜bothervt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难missionn.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务creaturen.动物，生物；人circumstancen.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况radiationn.辐射，放射线luxuryn.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品tuben.管，管子；软管furthermoreadv.此外，再者pilln.药丸，药片vitaladj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的disciplinevt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力leisuren.闲暇，空闲crewn.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队permanentadj.永久的，永恒的altogetheradv.完全；总共；总之kitn.成套设备，成套工具；配套元件crucialadj.至关重要的，关键性的astronomern.天文学家merelyadv.仅仅，只不过administrationn.行政部门；管理，行政agencyn.机构；代理处comprisevt.包括，包含；组成，构成scanvt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览n.扫描检查；快速查阅foundationn.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会pursen.资金，财源；钱包talen.故事；讲述，叙述calculatevt.计算，核算；预测mechanicn.机械师，技工incrediblyadv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信sheltern.居所，住处；庇护vt.保护，掩蔽vi.躲避constantadj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的nuclearadj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的核心词汇拓展absencen.缺乏，不存在；缺席→absentadj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupiedadj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→occupationn.工作；职业；占领；居住；使用evaluatevt.评估，估计，评价→evaluationn.评价；估价exposuren.面临，遭受；揭露；报道→exposev.使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光visibleadj.看得见的；明显的→invisibleadj.看不见的universen.宇宙，天地万物→universaladj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的originn.起源，起因；出身→originaladj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的n.原著；原作frequencyn.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequentadj.频繁的→frequentlyadv.频繁地investmentn.投资；投入→investv.投资；投入coveragen.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→covern.覆盖物；封面；掩护物v.覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括assistantn.助理；售货员；助教adj.助理的，副的→assistv.帮助；援助→assistancen.帮助；援助dustn.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dustyadj.布满灰尘的motiven.原因，动机，目的→motivatevt.激励；激发核心短语速记castnewlighton使进一步了解……inthecircumstances在这种情况下，既然如此inviewof鉴于，考虑到laythefoundationfor为……打下基础plaintosee显而易见的cometoanend结束atatime每次ahugeamountof大量的longtodo渴望做……makesenseof弄清楚/弄明白……majorityn.大多数managementn.管理；安排mastervt.精通，掌握materialn.材料，原料matureadj.成熟的maximumadj.&n.最大量(的)；最大限度(的)meanwhileadv.同时median.新闻媒介；新闻媒体memorialn.纪念馆memorizevt.记住；熟记mentaladj.精神的；脑力的mentallyadv.精神上；智力上Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace,wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon’tfloataround.(sothat引导目的状语从句)由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。It’sstrangethatwetrytosleepwithnopressureagainstourback,buttheunusualbedsdon’tbotherusanymore.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis,spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.(as引导让步状语从句)尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。That’swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.(why引导表语从句)那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。ItisthroughourresearchintospacethatwehaveconfirmedthattheEarthisroundandthatitorbitstheSun.(强调句)正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。origin,float,exposure,pill,astronaut,motiveThereisaheateddebateaboutwhetherspaceanduniverseareworthexploring.Somepeoplebelievethatspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment,anddoesnothingtoenhancethequalityofourlives.Butothersespecially1.astronautsdon’tagree.Livinginspaceistheirdream.Theyexpecttofinishtheirmissionsthoughitischallenging.Duetotheabsenceofgravity,theyhavetoattachthemselvesinordernotto2.floataround.Theyareoccupiedinconductingresearchandevaluatingtheeffectsoflowgravityoncreatures.Foraspacewalk,theymustputontheirspacesuitstoprotectthemfrom3.exposuretothecoldandradiation.Inviewofthelow-gravityenvironment,itisaluxurytoeatfreshfood.Sometimestheymusttake4.pillstoensureabalancedsupplyofnutrients.Theresultsofthesespaceexplorationshavemademajorcontributionstoanunderstandingofthe5.origin,evolution,andlikelyfutureoftheuniverseanditcanalso6.motivatetheyoungtobecomethescientistsofthefuture.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇absencen.[C]&[U]缺席；不在某处；[U]缺乏(absentadj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的)•absencefrom缺席；不在absenceofmind心不在焉inone’sabsence＝intheabsenceofsb.某人不在时•beabsentfrom不参加；缺席absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的；健忘的Myassistantwasabsent(absence)fromtheconferenceyesterdaybecauseofhissuddenheartdisease.Myteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsaftermylongabsencefromschool.Themanagerhadnoideaabouttheplan,fortheplanwasmadewhilehewasnotthere.→Themanagerhadnoideaabouttheplan,fortheplanwasmadeinhisabsence.Whenlackingcrucialproof,thepolicecouldnottakeactionagainsttheman.→Intheabsenceofcrucialproof,thepolicecouldnottakeactionagainsttheman.bothervt.使烦恼；使担心vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事botherwith/aboutsth.花费时间/精力(做某事)bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人Itbotherssb.that...使某人苦恼的是……Don’tbothertotell/telling(tell)thetaletothechildren,becausetheyshownointerestinit.Asanastronaut,youshouldkeepyourmindonthemission,andnotbotherabout/withpersonalgainsorlosses.让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。Itbotheredmethatwecouldn’tfindourwaybackbutmyfathertoldmenottoloseheart.occupyv.占领；使用，占用；侵占；使忙于(occupiedadj.已占用的；无空闲的occupationn.工作；职业；占领)occupyoneselfwithsth./(in)doingsth.使某人忙于(做)某事beoccupiedwithsth./(in)doingsth.忙于(做)某事I’msorrytobotheryou.MayIhaveyouraddress,telephonenumber,ageandoccupation(occupy),please?Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirthdaypartybutheoccupiedhimselfwithaveryimportantexperiment.Becausetheywereoccupiedinmakingandsellingpopcorn,theysparednotimetoplayaround.Occupyingthemselvesinmakingandsellingpopcorn,theysparednotimetoplayaround.(用现在分词短语作状语升级)Occupiedinmakingandsellingpopcorn,theysparednotimetoplayaround.(用过去分词短语作状语升级)circumstancen.(usuallypl.)条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况in/undernocircumstances决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序)in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然这样ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果情况允许的话Underthecircumstances(circumstance),whatmattersmostisnotonlyourpersistencebutalsoourattitudes.我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。In/UndernocircumstancesshouldIgiveuptheobjectiveoffoundingacompany.Asaconsequence,ifcircumstancespermit,Iwilltakeimmediateactiontoaccomplishmydream.vitaladj.对……极重要的；必不可少的bevitalfor/tosth.对……极为重要beofvitalimportanceto...对……至关重要Itisvitaltodo...做……很重要。Itisvitalthatsb.(should)dosth.某人做某事是极其重要的。Itisvitalforthepolicementoinvestigate(investigate)thecaseandmakeouttheoriginoftheaccident.ItisofvitalimportanceforyoutolearnaboutthegeneralhistoryofTangDynasty,whichwillbesurelyofgreathelptoyou.我们互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备是极其重要的。(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Itisvitalthatwe(should)cooperatewitheachotherandmakefullpreparationsforthecompetition.assistantn.助手，助理，助教adj.辅助的；助理的；有帮助的(assistv.帮助；协助；援助assistancen.援助，帮助；辅助设备)assistsb.withsth./indoingsth./todosth.帮助某人(做)某事withtheassistanceof在……的帮助下come/gotoone’sassistance来/去帮助某人Inviewofhisdisability,hisparentsoftencometohisassistance(assist).Theyoftenassisthimtodeliver(deliver)goodstocustomers.Withtheassistanceofhisparents,hisonlinebusinessgoeswell.(用合适的词或所给词的适当形式填空)我想衷心感谢你帮助我学习英语。(应用文写作之感谢信)I’dliketosincerelyappreciateyourassistingmewithmyEnglishlearning/assistingmetolearnEnglish/assistingmeinlearningEnglish.That’swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为……This/Thatisthereasonwhy...这/那就是……的原因Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句)HewentawayfromhispostintheagencywithoutpermissionandthiswaswhyIwasangrywithhim.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofthesurfaceiscoveredbywater.我认为长江之行将是一个更好选择的原因是它有许多著名的观光景点。ThereasonwhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoiceisthatithasmanywell-knownsightseeingspots.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍occupyA.使忙于(做某事)；忙着(做某事)B.占用(空间、面积、时间等)C.侵占；占领；占据Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.BThecapitalhasbeenoccupiedbytherebelarmy.CSheoccupiedherselfwithroutineofficetasks.AshelterA.n.躲避处；避难所B.n.居所；住处C.n.保护；掩蔽；庇护D.vt.掩蔽；为……提供避难所E.vi.躲避；避难Theywerestandingundertheshelterofahugetree.CThesunbeatdown,sowesatintheshade,shelteringfromthesun.ERescueworkersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.AFood,clothing,fuelandshelterarethefourmostbasichumanneeds.BTreeswereplantedtoshelterthisareafromstrongsandstorms.D快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Shehasrisenfromhumbleoriginstoimmensewealth.出身Hernewmoviehashadalotofexposureinthemedia.报道核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识I’msooccupiedinwatchingthevasethatIhavenotimetoappreciateotherantiquesinthisshop.Hedidn’tbotheranswering/toanswer(answer)myquestion，whichcamedowntohisignorance.Under/InnocircumstancesshouldImissthispreciousopportunitytothisvalley,whichisvitalformyfutureresearch.Itisbecauseofalongabsence(absent)fromschoolthatmynieceisabitbehindtheotherclassmates.Learningtoliveinharmonywitheachotherisofvitalimportanceforeachofus.Withtheassistance(assist)ofmyEnglishteacher,ImadearesolutiontocompeteintheEnglishspeechcontest.单句写作——应用文增分练(应用文写作之求助信)我之所以写信给你是因为我想请你帮我一个忙。(Thereasonwhy...isthat...)ThereasonwhyI’mwritingtoyouisthatIwanttoaskyoutodomeafavour.因为太大压力，我不能专注于我的学习，这让我很困扰。(bother)ItbothersmethatIcan’tfocusonmystudybecauseoftoomuchstress.昨天在课堂上因为心不在焉我被英语老师批评了。(absence)YesterdayIwasscoldedbymyEnglishteacherinclassforabsenceofmind.我相信在你的帮助下，我会走出困境。我将感谢你的一切帮助。(assistance)I’msurewiththeassistanceofyouIwillgetoutofthetrouble.Iwillappreciateanyofyourhelp.微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写absencen.缺乏，不存在；缺席missionn.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务vitaladj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的leisuren.闲暇，空闲crucialadj.至关重要的，关键性的merelyadv.仅仅，只不过incrediblyadv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信动作描写bothervt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于其他描写astronomern.天文学家inviewof鉴于，考虑到circumstancen.条件，状况[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。有一天，汤姆去拜访了他的朋友弗兰克。弗兰克是个天文学家，也是个工作狂。他经常忙于研究，几乎没有闲暇时间。一到那里，汤姆就坐在沙发上看电视，等着弗兰克。弗兰克非常专注于他的工作，所以他忘记了他的朋友。令人难以置信的是，过了很久，弗兰克还没有出现，这使汤姆很烦恼。鉴于这种状况，汤姆回家了。在路上汤姆自言自语道：“弗兰克只是关心他的工作，但友谊也至关重要。”Oneday,TompaidavisittohisfriendFrank.Frankisanastronomer,andalsoaworkaholic.Heoftenoccupieshimselfwithhisresearch,andnearlyhasnoleisuretime.Upongettingthere,TomsatonthesofawatchingTV,waitingforFrank.Frankwassofocusedonhisworkthatheforgothisfriend.Incredibly,Frankdidn’tturnupyetafteralongtime,whichbotheredTom.Inviewofthecircumstances,Tomwentbackhome.Ontheway,Tomsaidtohimself,“Frankmerelycaresabouthiswork,butfriendshipisalsoofvitalimportanceandcrucial.”词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)Asanassistant,heassistedtheprofessorincarryingouttheproject.Andwithouthisassistance,itcouldn’thavebeencompletedontime.(assist)Weneedtoevaluateourselves,ourvalues,ourstrengthsandsoonbecauseobjectiveevaluationswillbenefitus.(evaluate)Heisalwaysabsentfromclass,andhisabsencemakeshisheadteacherangry.(absent)Afterthecitywasoccupiedbytheenemy,hisoriginaloccupationwasgone.(occupy)Thereadingroomwasdusty;what’smore,manybookswereoftenlefttogatherdustonshelves.(dust)Pleasesetoffearlybecausethetrafficjamsaremorefrequentandwhat’sworse,thebusesrunlessfrequentlyonSunday.(frequent)Idon’tknow