prep0812打卡小组独家作业

PREP08-PACK1-CR：99-111题（答案请用红色标出）

Denoma,amajorconsumer-electronicsmaker,hadasizeabledeclineinsalesrevenueforitsmostrecentfiscalyear.Thisresultappearssurprising,becauseelectronicsretailersreportthatalthoughtheiroverallsaleswereconsiderablylowerthaninthepreviousyear,theirsalesrevenuefromDenomamodelsactuallygrew,largelythankstosomeinnovativeandpopularmodelsthatDenomaintroduced.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,doesmosttoex intheapparentlysurprisingresult?

逻辑链分析：

ABecauseoftheneedtoeducatethepublicaboutitsnewmodels'capabilities,Denoma'sadvertisingspendingwashigherthannormalovertheperiod.

BFortheperiodatissue,Denoma'smajorcompetitorsreporteddeclinesinrevenuethatwere,inpercentageterms,greaterthanDenoma's.

CAsignificantproportionofDenoma'srevenuecomesfrommakingcomponentsforotherconsumer-electronicsmanufacturers.

DUnlikesomeofitsmajorcompetitors,Denomahasnolinesofbusinessoutsideconsumerelectronicstoproviderevenuewhenretailsalesofconsumerelectronicsareweak.

EDuringtheperiod,consumer-electronicsretailerssoldremainingunitsofDenoma'ssupersededmodelsatpricesthatweredeeplydiscountedfromthosemodels'originalprices.

Brochure:Helpconserveourcity'swatersupply.Byconvertingthelandscainyouryardtoawater-conservinglandscape,youcangreatlyreduceyouroutdoorwateruse.Awater-conservinglandscapeisnaturalandattractive,anditalsosavesyoumoney.

Criticism:Formostpeoplewithyards,thesavingsfromconvertingtoawater-conservinglandscapecannotjustifytheexpenseofnewlandsca,sincetypicallytheconversionwouldsavelessthantwentydollarsonahomeowner'syearlywaterbills.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthebestbasisforarebuttalofthecriticism?

逻辑链分析：

AEvenhomeownerswhoseyardsdonothavewater-conservinglandscapescanconservewaterbyinstallingwater-savingdevicesintheirhomes.

BAconventionallandscapegenerallyrequiresamuchgreaterexpenditureonfertilizerandherbicidethandoesawater-conservinglandscape.

CAsignificantproportionoftheresidentsofthecityliveinbuildingsthatdonothaveyards.

DItcostsnomoretoputinwater-conservinglandsca thanitdoestoputinconventionallandsca .

ESomehomeownersusemorewatertomaintaintheiryardsthantheyuseforallotherpurposescombined.

Twocomputercompanies,GarnetandRenco,eachpaySalcortoprovidehealthinsurancefortheiremployees.Becauseearlytreatmentofhighcholesterolcanpreventstrokesthatwouldotherwiseoccurseveralyearslater,SalcorencouragesGarnetemployeestohavetheircholesterollevelstestedandtoobtainearlytreatmentforhighcholesterol.RencoemployeesgenerallyremainwithRencoonlyforafewyears,however.Therefore,SalcorlacksanyfinancialincentivetoprovidesimilarencouragementtoRencoemployees.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

AEarlytreatmentofhighcholesteroldoesnoteliminatethepossibilityofastrokelaterinlife.

BPeopleoftenobtainearlytreatmentforhighcholesterolontheirown.

CGarnethiresasignificantnumberofformeremployeesofRenco.

DRencoandGarnethaveapproxima ythesamenumberofemployees.

ERencoemployeesarenot,onaverage,significantlyyoungerthanGarnetemployees.

InpartsofSouthAmerica,vitamin-Adeficiencyisaserioushealthproblem,especiallyamongchildren.Inoneregion,agriculturistshopetoimprovenutritionbyencouragingfarmerstontanewvarietyofsweetpotatocalledSPK004thatisrichinbeta-carotene,whichthebodyconvertsintovitaminA.Thenhasgoodchancesofsuccess,sincesweetpotatoisastapleoftheregion'sdietandagriculture,andthevarietiescurrentlygrowncontainlittlebeta-carotene.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportsthepredictionthatthenwillsucceed?

逻辑链分析：

AThereareothervegetablescurrentlygrownintheregionthatcontainmorebeta-carotenethanthecurrentlycultivatedvarietiesofsweetpotatodo.

BThefleshofSPK004differsfromthatofthecurrentlycultivatedsweetpotatoesincolorandtexture,sotraditionalfoodswouldlooksomewhatdifferentwhenpreparedfromSPK004.

CForsuccessfulcultivationofSPK004,asoilsignificantlyricherinnitrogenisneededthanisneededforthevarietiesofsweetpotatocurrentlycultivatedintheregion.

DTherearenoothervarietiesofsweetpotatothataresignificantlyricherinbeta-carotenethanSPK004is.

EThecurrentlycultivatedvarietiesofsweetpotatocontainnoimportantnutrientsthatSPK004lacks.

Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheargumentbelow?

逻辑链分析：

AmoretouristsstayinhoRoyalArmsHo

modationsinHarristownthanstayinthe

BtheRoyalArmsHo istheonlyho inSpringfield

Cthereareseveralho sinHarristownthatarelargerthantheRoyalArmsHo

Dsomeofthetouristswhohavestayedinho sinHarristownhavealsostayedintheRoyalArmsHo

Esomeho sinHarristownhavefewertouristguestseachyearthantheRoyalArmsHo has

AccordingtopromotionalmaterialpublishedbythecityofSpringfield,moretouristsstayinhosinSpringfieldthanstayintheneighboringcityofHarristown.AbrochurefromthelargesthoinHarristownclaimsthatmoretouristsstayinthathothanstayintheRoyalArmsHoinSpringfield.Ifbothofthesesourcesareaccurate,however,thecounty's"ReportonTourism"mustbeinerrorinindicatingthat .

Nitrogendioxideisapollutantemittedbyautos.Catalyticconverters,devicesdesignedtoreducenitrogendioxideemissions,havebeenrequiredinallnewcarsinDoniasince1993,andasaresult,nitrogendioxideemissionshavebeensignificantlyreducedthroughoutmostofthecountry.YetalthoughtheproportionofnewcarsinDonia'scapitalcityhasalwaysbeencomparativelyhigh,nitrogendioxideemissionstherehaveshowedonlyaninsignificantdeclinesince1993.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoex intheinsignificantdeclineinnitrogendioxideemissionsinDonia'scapitalcity?

逻辑链分析：

AMoreofthecarsinDonia'scapitalcityweremadebefore1993thanafter1993.

BThenumberofnewcarssoldperyearinDoniahasdeclinedslightlysince1993.

CPollutantsotherthannitrogendioxidethatareemittedbyauto shavealsobeensignificantlyreducedinDoniasince1993.

DManyDonianswhoowncarsmadebefore1993havehadcatalyticconvertersinstalledintheircars.

EMostcartripsinDonia'scapitalcityaretooshortforthecatalyticconvertertoreachitseffectiveworkingtemperature.

Capuchinmonkeysoftenrubtheirbodieswithacertaintypeofmillipede.Laboratorytestsshowthatsecretionsfromthebodiesofthesemillipedesarerichintwochemicalsthatarepotentmosquitorepellents,andmosquitoescarryparasitesthatdebilitatecapuchins.Somescientistshypothesizethatthemonkeysrubtheirbodieswiththemillipedesbecause ngsohelpsprotectthemfrommosquitoes.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthemostsupportforthescientists'hypothesis?

逻辑链分析：

AAsinglemillipedeoftengetspassedaroundamongseveralcapuchins,allofwhomrubtheirbodieswithit.

BThetwochemicalsthatrepelmosquitoesalsorepelseveralothervarietiesofinsects.

CThecapuchinsrarelyrubtheirbodieswiththemillipedesexceptduringtherainyseason,whenmosquitopopulationsareattheirpeak.

DAlthoughthecapuchinseatseveralspeciesofinsects,theydonoteatthetypeofmillipedetheyusetorubtheirbodies.

EThetwoinsect-repellingchemicalsinthesecretionsofthemillipedesarecarcinogenicforhumansbutdonotappeartobecarcinogenicforcapuchins.

AprominentinvestorwhoholdsalargestakeintheBurtonToolhasrecentlyclaimedthatthe ismismanaged.Asevidenceforthisclaim,theinvestorcitedthe 'sfailuretoslowproductioninresponsetoarecentriseinitsinventoryoffinishedproducts.Itisdoubtfulwhetheraninvestor'ssniatmanagementcaneverbeanythingotherthancounterproductive,butinthiscaseitisclearlynotjustified.Itistruethatanincreasedinventoryoffinishedproductsoftenindicatesthatproductionisoutstrip demand.InBurton'scaseitindicatesnosuchthing,however:theincreaseininventoryisentirelyattributabletoproductsthathavealreadybeenassignedtoordersreceivedfromcustomers.

Intheargumentgiven,thetwoboldfacedportions ywhichofthefollowingroles?

AThefirstprovidesevidencetosupporttheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole;thesecondstatesthatconclusion.

BThefirststatestheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole;thesecondstatesanintermediateconclusionthatisdrawninordertosupportthatconclusion.

CThefirstisthepositionthattheargumentasawholeopposes;thesecondprovidesevidenceagainstthepositionbeingopposed.

DThefirststatesanintermediateconclusionthatisdrawninordertosupporttheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole;thesecondstatestheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole.

EThefirstandthesecondbothstateintermediateconclusionsthataredrawninordertosupportjointlytheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole.

Untilnow,onlyinjectablevaccinesagainstinfluenzahavebeenavailable.Theyhavebeenusedprimarilybyolderadults,whoareatriskforcomplicationsfrominfluenza.Anewvaccineadministeredinanasalsprayhasproveneffectiveinpreventinginfluenzainchildren.Sincechildrenaresignificantlymorelikelythanadultstocontractandspreadinfluenza,makingthenewvaccinewidelyavailableforchildrenwillgreatlyreducethespreadofinfluenzaacrossthepopulation.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

AIfa receivesboththeinjectableandthenasal-sprayvaccine,thetwovaccinesdonotinterferewitheachother.

BThenewvaccineusesthesamemechanismtowardoffinfluenzaasinjectablevaccinesdo.

C ernmentsubsidieshavekepttheinjectablevaccineaffordableforallolderadults.

DOftheolderadultswhocontractinfluenza,relativelyfewcontractitfromchildrenwithinfluenza.

EManyparentswouldbemoreinclinedtohavetheirchildrenvaccinatedagainstinfluenzaifthevaccinationdidnotrequireaninjection.

MagazinePublisher:Ourmagazinedoesnothavealiberalbias.Itistruethatwhenabookreviewwehadcommissionedlastyearturnedouttoexpressdistinctlyconservativeviews,wedidnotpublishituntilwehadalsoobtainedasecondreviewthattookastronglyliberalposition.Clearly,however,ouractionsdemonstratenotabiasinfavorofliberalviewsbutratheracommitmenttoabalancedpresentationofdiverseopinions.

Determiningwhichofthefollowingwouldbemostusefulinevaluatingthecogencyofthemagazinepublisher'sresponse?

逻辑链分析：

AWhetheranyothermagazinesinwhichthebookwasreviewedcarriedmorethanonereviewofthebook

BWhetherthemagazinepublishesunsolicitedbookreviewsaswellasthosethatithascommissioned

CWhetherintheeventthatafirstreviewcommissionedbythemagazinetakesaclearlyliberalpositionthemagazinewouldmakeanyeffortstoobtainfurtherreviews

DWhetherthebookthatwasthesubjectofthetworeviewswasitselfwrittenfromaclearlyconservativeoraclearlyliberalpointofview

EWhethermostofthereadersofthemagazineregularlyreadthebookreviewsthatthemagazinepublishes

Thoughsuckingzinclozengeshasbeenpromotedasatreatmentforthecommoncold,researchhasrevealednoconsistenteffect.Recently,however,azincgelappliednasallyhasbeenshowntogreatlyreducethedurationofcolds.Sincethegelcontainszincinthesameformandconcentrationasthelozenges,thegreatereffectivenessofthegelmustbeduetothefactthatcoldestendtoconcentrateinthenose,notthemouth.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

AExperimentalsubjectswhousedthezincgelnotonlyhadcoldsofshorterdurationbutalsohadlessseveresymptomsthandidthosewhousedagelthatdidnotcontainzinc.

BThemechanismbywhichzincaffectsthe esthatcausethecommoncoldhasnotbeenconclusivelyestablished.

CTomakethempalatable,zinclozengesgenerallycontainotheringredients,suchascitricacid,thatcaninterferewiththechemicalactivityofzinc.

DNozinc-basedcoldremedycanhaveanyeffectunlessitistakenorappliedwithin48hoursoftheinitialonsetofcoldsymptoms.

E panyresearchersexperimentingwithanasalspraybasedonzinchavefoundthatithasmuchthesameeffectoncoldsasthegeldoes.

Ofpatientsover65yearsoldwhosurvivedcoronarybypasssurgery-aprocedurewidelyprescribedforpeoplewithheartdisease-only75percentbenefitedfromthesurgery.Thusitappearsthatforoneinfoursuchpatients,thedoctorswhoadvisedthemtoundergothissurgery,withitsattendantrisksandexpense,weremoreinterestedinanopportunitytopracticetheirskillsandintheirfeethaninhelthepatient.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheargument?

逻辑链分析：

AManyofthepatientswhoreceivecoronarybypasssurgeryarelessthan55yearsold.

BPossiblebenefitsofcoronarybypasssurgeryincludebothrelieffromtroublingsymptomsandprolongationoflife.

CMostofthepatientsinthesurveydecidedtoundergocoronarybypasssurgerybecausetheywereadvisedthatthesurgerywouldreducetheirriskoffutureheartattacks.

DThepatientsover65yearsoldwhodidnotbenefitfromthecoronarybypasssurgerywereasfullyinformedasthosewhodidbenefitfromthesurgeryastotherisksofthesurgerypriortoundergoingit.

EThepatientswhounderwentcoronarybypasssurgerybut