初高中英语衔接+Part2【 知识精讲+备课精思+拓展提升 】 词法基础知识课件

PINKOCEAN英语初高中衔接Part2词法基础知识TeachingObjectives1.Getstudentsknowthedefinitionandclassificationofnounsandverbs.2.Letstudentslearnthechangingrulesofnounsandverbs.3.Letstudentscorrectlyusethechangingrulesofnounsandverbs.4.Enhancestudents’interestinEnglishgrammarlearning.什么是词性？词性指以词的特点作为划分词类的根据。英语中有几种词性？1.名词2.动词3.代词4.数词5.冠词6.形容词7.副词8.介词9.连词10.感叹词名词名词是指形容物体名称的词，名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、可数名词1.定义：可数名词是可以用来计数的名词，可数名词有单数和复数的形式。2.可数名词单数变为复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况下加s

如:

girlsstudents(2)以sxshch结尾加es

如：busesboxes

disheswatches

(3)以o结尾有生命加es,无生命加s如:tomatoes

heroespianos

(4)以f或fe

结尾，f或fe变v+es如:life-lives

wife-wives(5)以辅音字母+y结尾

y变i+es

如:lady-ladiescountry-countries

以元音字母+y结尾直接加s

如:boy-boystoy-toysway-ways(6)单复同形。中日鹿鱼羊

如:Chinese

JapanesedeerfishsheepExercise1:match_______wish______photo_____fox_____tomato________city_____friend_____day_____Exercise2:1.Ihavetwo________.(knife)2.Therearemany______here.(box)3.Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)matcheswishesphotosfoxestomatoescitiesfriendsdaysknivesboxesbusesboys口诀：三加二变一特殊三加：一般情况下直接在词尾+ss,x,ch,sh结尾+es元音+y结尾直接+s二变：辅音+y要y变i,再来一个esf,fe结尾有脾气,需把他们变成v,还要带上es一特殊：以o结尾有脾气,有生命则带es,无生命只加个s。3.不规则变化(1)-man变为-menman-menwoman-women(2)-oo变为-eefoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese(鹅)(3)其他

ox-oxen(公牛)child-children

mouse-mice二、不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。①abagofrice——twobagsofrice,②apieceofpaper——threepiecesofpaper③abottleofmilk——fivebottlesofmilk常见的一些不可数名词：advice,furniture,clothing,equipment,homework,knowledge,information,paper,work,evidenceExercise3:请用括号中名词的正确形式填空1.Lookatthose__________.(child)2.Icanseea__________standingnearthedoor. (policeman)3.Doyouwantsome________fordinner?(potato)4.Ihavesome__________youmaybeabletouse. (information)5.Two________liveinthisbuilding.(family)childrenpolicemanpotatoesinformationfamilies三、主谓一致(1)主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Thecomputerisagreatinvention.计算机是个了不起的发明。Thewaterintheglassisverycold.玻璃杯里的水很冷。(2)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数;表示许多时，谓语用复数。Thereisasheepintheyard.院子里有只绵羊。Therearesomesheepintheyard.院子里有一些绵羊。(3)集体名词做主语。如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等。①表示整体概念,谓语用单数形式。ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.三班是好班。②强调其中的所有成员都有的情况，谓语用复数形式。ClassThreehaveamapofChina.三班有张中国地图。动词一般用来表示动作或状态的词语，在英语里，动词有人称和时态的变化。一、动词的第三人称单数除了“我”“你”以外,其它的人称都属于第三人称,而这个人称所指的人或物只有一件时就称作第三人称单数。(1)直接在词尾加s,例如：like-likeswork-workscome-comes(2)以s,x,o,sh,ch结尾的在词尾加es,例如：miss-misses

fix-fixes

go-goes

wish-wishes

teach-teaches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加es,例如：fly-fliesExercise4:1.Heoften__________(have)dinnerathome.2.Thegirl____________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.3.SheandI_________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.4.There__________(be)somewaterinthebottle.hasteachestakeis(1)在一般情况下,在动词词尾加-ing.例如：go-going;do-doing;ask-asking;read-reading特别要注意：动词词尾如为“辅音字母+y”时不变,在其后直接加–ing.例如：study–studying;carry–carrying;fly–flying;worry–worrying;(2)在以不发音的e结尾的动词后,去掉e,再加-ing.例如：come–cominglive–livingdance–dancingmake–making二、动词-ing形式(3)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者,而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,将这个辅音字母双写（x除外）,然后再加–ing.例如：sit–sitting;run–running;begin–beginning(4)在少数几个以-ie结尾的动词后：须将–ie变作y,再加-ing.(这些动词词典一般均注明)例如：die–dying;tie–tyinglie–lyingExercise6:1.Shekeep________myeyes.(avoid)

2.Mysisteravoided_______atmeyesterday. (look)3.Inmyfreetime,Ienjoy______.(read)lookingreadingavoiding(1)一般情况下,词尾加-ed例如：work-workedplay-playedwant-wanted(2)若末尾已有字母e加-d例如：live-livedmove-moved(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,例如：study-studiedtry-tried(4)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,例如：stop-stoppedplan-planned三、动词过去式及过去分词Exercise6:1.He__________(visit)theGreatWalllastyear.2.We_________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.3.I________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.visitedhadlivedSummary一、名词

1.可数和不可数名词 2.主谓一致二、动词

1.动词第三人称单数变化 2.动词-ing形式 3.动词的过去式和过去分词Exercise7:1.There_______(be)manysheeponthefarmlast