常见知识点完美版(全)

常见知识点一：常见介词常用介词随便也有二三十个，如：at,in,on,beside,by,near,behind,but,except,besides,among,between,from,to,with,without,about,like,into,onto,through,before,against,along,during,for,of,off,past,since,towards,until,within,up,down,per,over,upon,till等等。二:常见系动词be，look,sound,taste,feel （感官）get,turn,become,go,fall（变化）keep,remain,stay（保持）三：todo,doing作宾语口诀1）常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀：consider,suggest/consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练否认完成停能赏不禁介意准逃亡不准冒险凭想象。forbid,risk,imagine2）常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：想要拒绝命令需要努力学习,期望同意帮助希望决定开始三个希望两答应，hope;wish;want;agree;promise两个要求莫拒绝,demand;ask;refuse设法学会做决定,manage;learn;decide想要拒绝命令需要努力学习,期望同意帮助希望决定开始3）以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的ing作宾语：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue.不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。remember,forget,try,mean,stop,regret,want,need,require在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。在begin/start,continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C.在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：在try,mean之后，意义各不相同，如trytodo（设法），trydoing（试试）,meantodo（打算，有意要做），meandoing（意思是，意味着）。goondoing和goontodogoondoing继续做一直在做的事；goontodo接着做另一件事。如：1） 请接着做这同一个练习。 thesameexercise．2） 请做另外一个练习。 theotherexerciseneed,require,want作“需要”解时，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.四：常见不可数名词（以后遇到别的不可数名词继续添加哦）单词意义短语、例句advice建议givesb.someadviceonsth.equipmentasetofequipmentexperience经验（注：“经历”可数）Mr.Lihasmuchteachingexperience.exercise锻炼（注：“练习”可数）takeexercisefun开心、快乐的事Whatfunitistodosth.!furniture家具asetoffurniturenews/information/word消息，新闻Wordcamethathewonthefirstprizeinthematch.baggage/luggage行李apieceofbaggage/luggageprogress进步makegreat/rapid/some/noprogressinsth.practice练习Practicemakesperfect.work工作weather天气applause掌声aburstofapplause一阵掌声wealth财富，富裕friendship友谊energy精力homework家庭作业knowledge知识nature自然luck运气health健康technology技能courage勇气

doingdone做定语ing形式作定语单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，可以表示：1） 被修饰者的作用或功能，drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水2） 表示与被修饰词之间是主动关系Arethereanylivingthingsonthemoon.developingcountrythecryingboy3）表示“令人 ”surprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果形式短语作定语-ing时，放在所修饰的名词之后，和名词之间是主动关系，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter'sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。done形式作定语done可以用作前置定语，此时，done和名词之间有两种语意关系：一种是done和被限定词表被动（常见）一种是done表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；。Heisaretiredworker.他是一个时退休工人。Thisisanewly-developeddevice（对比acryingboy）这是一个新开发的工具。过去分词短语作后置定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver bythedirtywaterfromLondon.Let'strythebookstorethatwasopenedlastmonth.Let'strythebookstoreopenedlastmonth.tobedone/beingdone/done做定语的区别。thebuildingtobebuilt将被建的建筑物thebuildingbeingbuilt正在被建的建筑物thebuildingbuilt被建成的建筑物

Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowingAgreatnumberofstudents saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questioned D.questioningSofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredTomknewhewouldcertainlyget ifhewaslatehome.A.shoutatB.toshoutatC.shoutedat D.tobeshoutedatThenextthinghesawwassmoke frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.risingC.toriseD.risenOnreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.A.says B.saidC.sayingD.tosayLookoverthere—there'saverylong,windingpath uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.toleadThetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighed D.weighingListen!Doyouhearsomeone forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.calledA.callingB.callC.tocallD.calledtodo/doing/done做状语的区别todo/doing/done做状语的位置：在句中的位置：一句话的前或后边，中间用逗号隔开。（表伴随时有时不加）todo做状语表目的，结果：（1）固定搭配（2）单独使用表意外结果doing/done做状语不表目的，doing表结果，表示自然而然，意料中的结果的结果。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewenttoseehisaunt,onlytofindherout.3.doing和done做状语有何区别Seeingnobodythere,heturnedoffthelight.WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.总结：doing做状语和句子主语存在主动关系。done做状语和子主语存在被动关系练习：Sarahpretendedtobecheerful, nothingabouttheargument.（2011大纲全国卷）A.says B.saidC.tosay D.saying aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelo-calpeople.（辽宁2011）A.Gather B.TogatherC.Gathering D.TobegatheringDoyouwakeupeverymorning energeticandreadytostartanewday?（湖南2011）A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.feltMorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina, itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoan-other.（陕西2011）A.making B.madeC.tomake D.havingmadeDina, formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（湖南2010）A.struggling B.struggled C.havingstruggledD.tostruggleWhenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroducedDon'tusewords,expressions,orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknown D.knownAllofuswere bythe question___byalittlegirl.A.puzzled,puzzling,roseB.puzzling,puzzled,raisedC.puzzled,puzzling,raisedD.Puzzled,puzzled,liftedWithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank presentsformydad.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.tohavebought10.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetold B.tellingC.beingtold D.toldtododoingdone做宾补不定式做宾补(todo)1.引导todo做宾补的常见动词warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect/get+sb.todosth.Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.Theteachertoldme (擦黑板)2．不带to的动词不定式做宾补五看:seewatchlookatobservenotice三使：makehavelet两听：hearlistento一感觉：feel例:1)Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2)MothermadeJohnwashthecar.Johnwasmadetowashthecar.以上的动词用于被动时，to要还原doing做宾补五看:seewatchlookatobservenotice一使have两听：hearlistento 一感觉：feel如:Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Listentothebirdssinging./Ididn'tnoticehimwaiting.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking表示指使意义的动词，常见的有set,keep,get,catch,leave,find,等。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.★see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：前者(doing)表示宾语动作正在进行，而后者(todo)表示(或强调)宾语动作从开始到结束的全过程。如Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验)Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。(一个小时之内看完老师作实验)done做宾补的动词：1).keepleave2)gethavemake3).watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find.4).want,wish,like,expect,order.5).With+宾+done例：Hekeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.IhavehadmybikerepairedWhenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.IwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasureThethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.todo/doing/done做宾补的区别1）Withalltheproblemssettled,hefelthappy.（done做宾补表被动完成）2）Withmanyproblemstosettle,hefeltworried（todo做宾补表将来）Isawhercomeintotheclassroom（todo做宾补表动作全过程）3）Iheardsomeonecallingme.（doing与宾语之间是主谓关系（主动进行）总结：done强调与宾语之间的被动关系，表示动作已完成。todo强调动作发生的全过程、或表将来要发生的事情。doing与宾语之间是主动进行关系他说的话让我吃惊。Whathehadsaidmademe .我的眼镜坏了。我要修理一下.Myglassesarebroken.I'llhavetogetthem .指着那个碎花瓶，妈妈问我：“谁干的？”Withherfinger tothebrokenvase,mymotheraskedme,“Whodidthat?”医生看到他偷偷吸烟了。Thedoctorsawhim secretlyThemanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout There'saholeinyourbag. Iknow,I'mgoingtohaveit .A.mend B.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedThoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister ,todayhewasmade byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cry D.tocry;cryHemanagedtomakehimself withhis English.A.understand;breaking B.understand;brokenC.understood;breaking D.understood;broken.Ifoundthedoor whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlocking D.openTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound .A.exposeB.exposed C.toexpose D.exposingIhaveoftenheardtheABCSong ,butIhaveneverheardAlice it.A.tobesung;tosingB.beingsung;sangC.sung;singD.sang;singingWhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill .A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating二：常见系动词（感官） （变化） （保持） 三：todo,doing作宾语口诀1）常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀：consider,putoff,fancy/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,enjoy/appreciateexcuse,pardoncan'thelp,mind,alpleorwm/it,escapeadmit,delay/avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,forbid,risk,ima