2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案m

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Imagineaworld

where

everythinghastheirown

virtual,real-timecomputerizedreplica(替身)—adigitaldouble.Thatconceptis

knownas

thedigitaltwinanditcouldprovideawaytoimproveourlivesintherealworld.Morethanjust

imitation,digitaltwinstakeinformationfromInternet-connectedobjectsthroughInternetofThings(IoT)devices,usedataalmost

instantly

toseetheeffectsofchangingconditionsandthenmake

adjustments

rapidly.Inconstruction,thedigitaltwinmeansbuildingsbecome

safer

andcheapertobuildbecausedigitaltwins

haveaccessto

realweather,structuralandstresspointdata.BridgesliketheQueensferryCrossinginScotland,forexample,usemeasurementsofwaterlevelandwindspeedtoimprovesafetyandmanagetrafficflow.Connectedbuildingsthenmakesmartcities,

where

buildingstalktooneanotherandfuturefunctioncanbepredicted.InAustralia’sstateofVictoria,localgovernmentisbuildingadigitaltwinoftheentirestate.Manufacturingisanothersectorbeingaffectedbydigitaltwintechnology.Placingthousandsof

sensors

throughouttheproductionlineallowscompaniestoseehowworkisperformedateachstepoftheprocess,system

efficiency

andany

bottlenecks.Likewise,inhealthcare,thedigitaltwinconceptmeanscreatingcomputermodelsofdiseaseorevena

virtual

humanbody.

Personalized

medicinesortreatmentscouldthenbedevelopedusingamedicaltwinofeachpatient.Andevenhealthproblemscouldbecutoutbeforetheybegin.“Ithink

maintaining

a

persistent

setofcomputerizedmodelsthatareconstantlybeingupdatedandevolvedalongsidephysical

equivalents

isreallythe

essence

ofdigitaltwins,”saidMichaelKapteyn,a

leading

researcherstudying

digital

twincomputermodels.Intheforeseeablefuture,digitaltwinsmay

eventually

becomean

essential

partofoureverydaylivesby

enabling

individuals

withoutprevioustechnicalknowledgetofinallygetsimpleanswersto

complex

questions.12．Inwhatwaydodigitaltwinsbenefitpeople?A．Theycreateacolorfulvirtualworld.B．Theyprovideawaytobetterpeople’slives.C．TheyimprovethedatathroughIoTdevicesinstantly.D．TheypromotethecopiesofInternet-connectedobjects.13．WhydoestheauthormentiontheQueensferryCrossinginparagraph2?A．Toclarifyadetail.B．Tomakeacomparison.C．Toexplainarule.D．Topresentanapplication.14．Whatcanweexpectofthedigitaltwintechnology?A．Itwillpopularizetheapplicationofsensors.B．Itmayreplacethetraditionalproductionline.C．Itmightofferpatientspersonalizedtreatments.D．Itcouldmanagetoavoidallhealthproblems.15．WhatisvitalfordigitaltwinsaccordingtoMichaelKapteyn?A．Updatingphysicalequivalentsconstantly.B．Addingmoresetsofcomputerizedmodels.C．Enablingpeopletofigureouttoughquestions.D．Keepingadigitaldoublerenewedcontinually.BDCDIfyoufacetwosimilarvaluedoptionsforwheretoattendcollege,you

haveweighedtheprosandcons,butyoustillhavedifficulty

deciding.Youdecidetogiveitmoretime,andthinkaboutitabitmore.Thefindingsofafascinatingpaper

titled

IrrationalTimeAllocationinDecision-Making

suggestsyoumightbemakingamistake.

Participants

intheresearchviewedimagesthatcontainedpairsofdifferentfoodsandtheyhadtochoosewhichitemtheypreferredtoeat.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsspentmoretime

choosing

betweenoptionsthatwereroughlyequalinvaluethanbetweenoptionsinwhichtherewasalargevalue

disparity.Inotherwords,peopletooklongerthantheyshouldhavewhendecidingbetweentwoequally

appealing

choices.Whenshownanunpleasantfoodalongsideafavoredfood,participantschosequickly.Whenshownafavoredfoodalongsideanotherfavoredfood,peopletookawhile.Relatedly,thereisresearchsuggestingthatpeopletakelonger

todistinguish

betweentwonumberswhenthereisasmalldifferencethanwhenthereisalargeone.Forexample,peopletakelongertodeterminewhichnumberislargerbetween47vs49thanfor12vs35.Perhapsthistendencyexplainswhypeopletakesolongtochoosebetweentwooptionswithroughlyequal

payoffs.Inthesamewaythatwehavedifficulty

distinguishing

numbersthatarenearlyequalinvalue,wealsohavedifficulty

choosing

betweenoptionsthatareroughlyequallypleasant.However,therearedoubtsamongpeople.Somethinkthisseemsnotreasonable.Iftwochoicesareequallyappealing,thenthedecisionshouldn’ttakesolong.Somewonderwhetherthisworksintheoppositedirection—whether

duration

ofdecision-making

implies

thatoptionsareequal.Whenoptionsareroughlyequal,peopletendtotakealongtimetodecide.Doesthissuggest

thatif

peopletakealongtimetodecide,then

options

are

roughly

equal?Maybeinsomeinstances,thelongerwetaketomakeadecision,thelessitmatterswhatweactuallychoose.8．What’speople’scommonpracticeindecisionmaking?A．Theyoftenrushadecisionwithoutmuchthinking.B．Theyseldombalanceadvantagesanddisadvantages.C．Theyonlyconcentrateontheirpersonalpreferences.D．Theytendtospendtoomuchtimeontheiroptions.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparity”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Difference.B．Preference.C．Growth.D．Potential.10．Whatdoestheresearchconveyinparagraph4?A．Itisdifficultforpeopletovaluetheiroptions.B．Thevalueofnumbersisdifficulttodistin