维吉尼亚伍尔夫

TheauthorVirginiaWoolf(25January1882–28March1941)AnEnglishauthor,essayist,publisher,andwriterofshortstories,regardedasoneoftheforemostmodernistliteraryfiguresofthetwentiethcentury.Duringtheinterwarperiod,WoolfwasasignificantfigureinLondonliterarysocietyandamemberoftheBloomsburyGroup.HermostfamousworksincludethenovelsMrs.Dalloway(1925),TotheLighthouse(1927)andOrlando(1928),andthebook-lengthessayARoomofOne'sOwn(1929),withitsfamousdictum,"Awomanmusthavemoneyandaroomofherownifsheistowritefiction.“WoolfisconsideredoneofthegreatestinnovatorsintheEnglishlanguage.Inherworkssheexperimentedwithstream-of-consciousnessandtheunderlyingpsychologicalaswellasemotionalmotivesofcharacters.Woolf'sreputationdeclinedsharplyafterWorldWarII,buthereminencewasre-establishedwiththesurgeofFeministcriticisminthe1970s.ThemovieadaptedfromMrs.Dallowaystream-of-consciousnessthecontinuousflowofsense‐perceptions,thoughts,feelings,andmemoriesinthehumanmind;oraliterarymethodofrepresentingsuchablendingofmentalprocessesinfictionalcharacters,usuallyinanunpunctuatedordisjointedformofinteriormonologue.thetechniquewaspioneeredbyDorothyRichardsoninPilgrimage(1915–35)andbyJamesJoyceinUlysses(1922),andfurtherdevelopedbyVirginiaWoolfinMrsDalloway(1925)andWilliamFaulknerinTheSoundandtheFury(1928).Forafulleraccount,consultRobertHumphrey,StreamofConsciousnessintheModernNovel(1968).BackgroundInlateOctober,1928,VirginiaWoolfdeliveredalectureon"WomenandFiction"atNewnhamandGirton,thetwowomen'scollegeatCambridge,England.WoolfhadwrittenthelectureinMay;in1929,sheexpandeditintowhatisnow"ARoomofOne'sOwn,"andtheessaywaspublishedinbookformonOct.24,1929.Woolfcannilyutilizedthesettingofthelecture.Thefictionaluniversityshevisits,Oxbridge,isanamalgamofEngland'sprestigiousOxfordandCambridgeuniversitiesNewnhamGirtonSummaryPartoneThenarratordoseainvestigationatOxbridgeCollege,whereshereflectsonthedifferenteducationalexperiencesavailabletomenandwomenaswellasonmorematerialdifferencesintheirlives.ShethenspendsadayintheBritishLibraryperusingthescholarshiponwomen,allofwhichhaswrittenbymenandallofwhichhasbeenwritteninanger.Turningtohistory,shefindssolittledataabouttheeverydaylivesofwomenthatshedecidestoreconstructtheirexistenceimaginatively.ParttwoThefigureofJudithShakespeareisgeneratedasanexampleofthetragicfateahighlyintelligentwomanwouldhavemetwithunderthosecircumstances.Inlightofthisbackground,sheconsiderstheachievementsofthemajorwomennovelistsofthenineteenthcenturyandreflectsontheimportanceoftraditiontoanaspiringwriter.Asurveyofthecurrentstateofliteraturefollows,conductedthroughareadingthefirstnovelofoneofthenarrator'scontemporaries.PartthreeWoolfclosestheessaywithanexhortationtoheraudienceofwomentotakeupthetraditionthathasbeensohardlybequeathedtothem,andtoincreasetheendowmentfortheirowndaughters.Highlights1.Onemuststrainoffwhatwaspersonalandaccidentalinalltheseimpressionsandsoreachthepurefluid,theessentialoiloftruthItcharacterizesthenarrator’sinitialmissioninARoomofOne’sOwn.Sheendeavorstofindtheabsolutelyessentialtruthandexposeit,butoverthecourseofthetext,thenarratorcomestorealizethatnoabsolutetruthexists.Sheseesthattheexperienceofeachpersonandhisorherlifeisinextricablefromhisorherperceptionsofreality.2.Itwouldhavebeenimpossible,completelyandentirely,foranywomantohavewrittentheplaysofShakespeareintheageofShakespeare.ItisoneofthemostsignificantconclusionsofARoomofOne’sOwn.Whilethemorecommonargumentisthatthelackofimportant,impressiveliteraryworksbywomenprovesthattheyarelesscapablethanmen,thenarratortakestheoppositeapproach.Whatsherealizesisthattheplayingfieldisincrediblyunequal.Giventhecircumstancesofthetreatmentofwomenofhertime,thereisnowaytheycouldhaverivaledmeninliteraryachievements.3.Lifeforbothsexes—andIlookatthem,shoulderingtheirwayalongthepavement—isarduous,difficult,aperpetualstruggle.Itcallsforgiganticcourageandstrength.Morethananything,perhaps,creaturesofillusionthatweare,itcallsforconfidenceinoneself.

Sheassertsthispointamidstadiscussionabouttheunequaltreatmentofwomenbymen.Thelackofconfidenceamongstwomenhasledtothegenerallyinferiorqualityoftheirart.Sherelatesthefactthatwomencontinuetowriteeventhoughtheyareactuallylackinginconfidencetothewaythatpeoplecontinuelivingtheirlivesevenwhenwrackedbydoubtabouttheirrelevanceinsociety.ThemesTheImportanceofMoneyTheSubjectivityofTruthInterruptionsGenderInequalitySy溜mb壁ol仍sTh暮e陶ce归nt掉ra至l举po慌in盾t积ofA冻Ro属om叔o吊f经On绵e’迎s肚Ow凳nis啊t翁ha狂t拌ev肃er逢y递wo数ma暮n肤ne健ed喝s滋a裂ro京om浅o着f丧he编r脾ow壮n—有so庆me和th狠in医g妹me求n掠ar欲e兰ab驾le剩t始o混en庭jo仿y持wi填th座ou评t屡qu岗es认ti教on杏.乖A挨ro览om悔o着f仪he煮r效ow县n眨wo茶ul溪d筐pr灯ov麦id房诚e扰a军wo间ma那n臂wi泳th父t暗he助t张im贱e走an洪d取th置e考sp推ac冷e碗to隙e琴ng太ag霜e丸in润u杂ni汗nt岛er功ru佣pt舰ed冤w细ri跪ti衰ng双t搁im适e.时D蝴ur洗in殊g房诚Wo持ol圆f’绒s永ti境me破,苹wo均me派n抹ra固re酒ly灯e约nj狂oy恢ed傍t报he插se锋l澡ux难ur筋ie植s.浩T菠he焦y转re设ma气in缠ed现e杂lu牺si说ve河t犯o书wo犹me掩n,盗a仍nd白,尚as石a芽r茧es搞ul追t,醉t居he痒ir续a棵rt奏s绪uf确fe斯re栋d.抗B援ut壁W支oo俩lf沾i斤s哗co都nc涨er概ne赴d弹wi飘th代m石or滴e核th砌an患j姓us县t稼th谣e连ro笋om冲i院ts胀el冲f.Sh躬e哭us挡es叮t宇he图r须oo崇m镜as臣a封s岔ym叠bo堤l鸭fo酷r暖ma册ny采l晒ar泻ge吓r庄is携su施es规,菠su厚ch窃a揪s暮p