应用化学专业文献原文和翻译

1/9.OperationofplaterectificationtowerWUChang-xiang<HarbinGasificationPlant,Harbin154864,China>Abstract:Theinfluencingfactors,abnoimalphenomenonandrectificationprocesswereanalyzedtodirectactualoperationKeywords:rectificationtower,recification,reboiler,operationDistillationcolumnisamulti-stagepartialvaporizationandpartialfloortowerboardtoachievetheseparationofamixtureofvariouscomponentsofpackedcolumntypes.Accordingtomodeofoperationaredividedintocontinuousdthedeclineinliquidcountercurrentcontactwiththetwoincontact,thedropinthevolatileliquid<lowboilingpoint>componentsiscontinuouslytransferredtothesteam.Thedifficultyofsteamvolatile<highboiling>componentcontinuedtorseparation.Steamrisingfromthetopofthetowerintothecondenser,theliquidrestisremovedasdistillate.Towerbottomoutflowofliquid,someofwhichintothereboiler,thermalevaporation,thesteambacktotower,andtheotherpartoftheliquidasresiduarelease.Comparedwithotherchemicalunitoperations,distillationunit,althoughaffectingtheoperationofthedistillationunit,leadingtotowertoporbottomofinproductloss.sofdistillationrthesameoperatingpressureraisingthetemperatureofthetime,therisingvaporvelocityincreases,andhelptoimprovethe2/9.fficiencyofmasstransferIfproductsfromthetopofthetowerthetowerreactordischargeofdifficultvolatilesvolatilecomponentstocanimproveproductqualitytowerdischargeofvolatilecomponentslosses.Inbalancedoperation,thereactortemperatureissuddenlylinevitablyleadtothereboilerfluidissteam-air,thepressureincreased.Atthistime,thetowergas,liquidcompositionchanges,theobesteamedtothetopofthetowersothatthefailureoftopproduct.operation,butthecontentofvolatilegroupinthetowerreactorsIndistillationoftenprovidesfortheadjustmentrangeofthefactors,weredestroyed,thenormaloperationofthetowerwillbecompletelydestroyed.feedingboard,andaddedifallthematerialintothestrippersegment,strippingsegmentloadincreases,thereboilerconsumptionltvolatilegroupwerelower.Saturatedsteamfeedthefeedmaterialtemperatureishigherthanthesectionandstrippingsectionoftheloadreduction,andincreasedloadoftherectifyingsection,makethetopproductqualityreduce.dingquantityandcompositionchangesofsteamthelatterincreasewillproduceentrainedevenflooding.Theedstockistoolowtheoperationisnotgoodtomaintainthebalanceofthetower,thesteamvelocitydecreases,theplateisproneto3/9.tower.Feedingcomponentofthechangesdirectlyaffecttheproductparationisnotgoodtheresultsofrestructuringwerebroughttothetopoftowercausingthetopofthetowerofinferiortheconcentrationofthevolatilegroupinthefeedinggroupweretotheseparationcausedbythetowerreactorproductsofinferiorquality,whichentrainedvolatilecomponentsincreased.Feedingonincreasedthefeedingmouthmovedownandratingpressuremustbeadjustedaccordinglyinordertoensurethestabilityofthedistillationoperation.increased,increasingenergyconsumption.Reductionoftherefluxthereforethemasstransferefficiencydecreased.Thesametime,thethetopofthetower,resultinginasubstandardproduct.Anomaliesinthedistillationcolumnduringoperation1PlatecapacityRectifyingsectiontraydowncomeroverflowliquidtransportationhoweverthatthetowerupperpartofthebeginningofflooding,aphenomenonknownasdowncomerobstructionorliquidethetowerboardbubblingareaistoosmall..2Platefouling4/9.ateefficiencyPlatescalingphenomenonTherefluxratioisnothighondoesnothaveanyimpactiftherefluxratiototheheatbalanceandmaterialbalanceof20%to30%,whilethetowerdidnotchangerbacktotherefluxtank.Slugflowsintherisercaltwo-phasemixture,thecondenserandrefluxtankiscalledthemnintheriserflowrateistoolowwillpressure,thisliquidcolumnintermittentlybeintroducedafterthehchange.Abnormalfactorscausedistillationcolumnplatewaswashedaway,condensercorrosion,cloggedcaondenser,notcondensablegasReboilerinthedistillationcolumnoccupiesaveryimportantsitionitusedtobebottomafterthevaporizationoftheliquidpartntactandmasstransfertoproceedWhichusedtheverticalthermalchangerPartialvaporizationofliquidinthebottomuptubepassesthermalsiphonreboilerfeatures<1>cycledrivingforce:thedensityof5/9.thereactorliquidandtheheatexchangertubegas-liquidtheshellcannotbemechanicallycleanednotsuitableforhightowerFactorsthatdeterminethedistillationcolumncapacityrestricted,findthereboilerfailureisthemostlaborious,thedistillationcolumnbysteamreboiler.gasbarrierdrainvalvefailure>steamcondensatecollecteddensateliquidsealfailureobicfailurecausedbyhydrophobicfailurefactors3.1ThermosiphonrebilerfailureenthedensitydifferenceisthedensitydifferencedrivingtheevatedtothereboilerbacktotheliquidnozzleheightsiphoncirculationwillbeimpededThecirculationratereductionwillresulties3.2Non-condensablegasinthewatervaporgasintothereboiler,thenon-condensablegasintothereboileripingtherebyreducingtheheattransfercapacityofthereboilerwiththedistillationcolumnwithinacirculatingfluid,thuscausingthereboilerheattransferefficiencydecreased.onclusionrunresultinginproductloss.Inordertoavoidsuchthingsfromtheoperatorshoulddothefollowing4.1storageandtransportationofmaterialsatecolumndistillationprocessmustbesetinplaceanumberof6/9.fferentvolumerawmaterialstoragetankspumpsandallkindsofheatexchangerhasbeentemporarilystored,transportedandeatingcoolingofmaterialsusedinordertoprotectthedevicecanbeacontinuousandstableoperation.4.2Necessarymeansofdetectionshallbetheappropriateplaceintheprocesstosettheyinstrumentationaswellastoobtainthepressuretemperatureandhandholes,sothatregulartestingandmaintenance.4.3Adjustmentdeviceteparametersarenotintheactualproductionvalueshouldbeedintheappropriatelocationofacertainnumberofthevalvetobeadjustedtoachievetheproductionrequirements,canbeadoublementthatisbothautomaticandmanualadjustmentcoexistandatanytimeswitch.板式精馏塔的操作摘要：本文通过对影响精馏塔因素的分析及异常现象剖析,分析精馏过程从而指导实际关键词：精馏塔,精馏,再沸器,操作精馏塔是根据混合物中各组分挥发度的不同,在每层塔板上进行多级部分汽化和部分冷凝,从而达到使混合物各组分分离的一种塔式气液接触装置,又称蒸馏塔。有板式塔和填料塔两种类型。根据操作方式又分为连续精馏塔与间歇精馏塔。蒸汽从塔底进入,与下降液进行逆流接触,两相接触中,下降液中的易挥发〔低沸点组分不断地向蒸汽中转移,蒸汽中的难挥愈接近塔底,其难挥发组分愈富集,达到组分分离的目的。由塔顶上升的蒸汽进入冷凝器,冷凝的一部分作为回流液返回塔顶进入精馏塔中,其余的部分则作为馏出液取出。塔底流出的液体,其中的一部分送入再沸器,热蒸发后,蒸汽返回塔中,另一部分液体作为釜残液放出。与其它化工单元操作相比,精馏装置虽然比较简单,但生产运行中经常出现各种各样的问题而影响精馏装置的操作,从而导致塔顶或塔底产品不合格,严重制约生产装置的运行从7/9.提高产品质量,但塔顶排出的易挥发组分中夹带的难挥发组分增多,从而增大损失。在平衡操作中,釜温突然升高,来不及调整相应的压力和温度时,必然导致塔釜液被蒸空,压力升高。这时,塔内气、液相组成变化很大,重组份容易被蒸到塔在操作温度一定的情况下,提高操作压力,可以提高塔的生产能力,使操作稳调节范围。当受到外界因素的影响而使操作压力受到破坏时,塔的正常操作就会冷凝进料,则进料温度低于可加料板上的温度,则加入的物料全部进入提馏段,使饱和蒸汽进料,则进料温度高于加料板上的温度,所进物料全部进入精馏段,提馏负荷增加,会使塔顶产品质量降低。在低负荷操作时,可