中国清洁煤发展促进基金立项建设可行性研究报告

中国清洁煤发展促进基金可行性研究报告ChinaCleanCoalDevelopmentPromotionFund

FeasibilityStudy提交给：联合国开发计划署（UNDP）Submittedto:UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP)

提交单位：中国国际跨国公司研究会（CIIMC）

Submittedby:ChinaInternationalInstituteofMultinationalCorporations(CIIMC)日期：2008Data：October15,2008目录1.清洁煤产业基金设立背景 41.1清洁煤产业发展必要性 41.2.1经济的可持续发展需要发展清洁煤产业 41.2.2环境污染控制需要发展清洁煤产业 41.2.3应对气候变化需要发展清洁煤产业 61.2国内清洁煤产业发展现状 71.2.1.煤炭加工 71.2.2.洁净燃煤与发电 91.2.3.煤转化 101.2.4.污染物治理及资源综合利用 111.3国外清洁煤产业发展现状 141.3.1美国清洁煤产业现状 141.3.2日本清洁煤产业现状 151.3.3欧盟清洁煤产业现状 161.3.4南非清洁煤产业现状 161.3.5其他 171.4国内产业基金发展现状 171.5国外产业基金发展现状 181.5.1美国产业基金的发展 181.5.2澳大利亚产业基金的发展 202清洁煤产业基金设立的必要性 202.1现有融资渠道分析 202.2现有清洁煤投资项目资金来源 212.2.1神华煤直接液化项目 212.2.2内蒙古伊泰煤制油项目 212.2.3兖矿榆林煤制油项目 222.2.4其他项目 222.3清洁煤产业基金增加融资渠道 223清洁煤产业基金设立的可行性 233.1清洁煤有巨大的发展空间 233.1.1洗选 233.1.2煤发电 243.1.3煤制油 243.1.4煤制甲醇 253.1.5煤矸石综合利用 263.1.6粉煤灰综合利用 263.2国家政策支持清洁煤产业发展 283.2.1行业政策 283.2.2科技政策 303.2.3财税政策 313.3基金资金渠道多样 323.3.1政府 323.3.2企业 323.3.3国外项目支援 323.3.4社会团体 323.3.5项目收益 324．基金方案设计 324.1投资原则 324.2投资决策 334.2.1决策依据 334.2.2决策程序 334.2.3投资组合 344.3目标细分市场领域 344.3.1投资地域 344.3.2投资阶段 344.3.3投资行业 344.4投资后管理与服务 354.5基金方案 354.5.1基金规模 354.5.2最小投资额 354.5.3基金募集期 354.5.4基金目标 354.5.5投资回报目标 364.5.6基金期限 364.5.7投资限制 364.5.8启动费用 374.5.9管理费用 374.5.10利润分配 374.6基金风险管理 374.6.1基金面临的主要风险 374.6.2风险的管理与控制 384.7基金发起人及管理团队 394.7.1发起人简介 394.7.2管理团队 391.清洁煤产业基金设立背景1BackgroundfortheEstablishmentofCleanCoalIndustryFund1.1发展清洁煤产业必要性1.1NecessityforofdevelopingtheDevelopmentofCleanCoalIndustry1.2.1中国经济的持续发展需要清洁煤产业1.1.1China’sSustainableSustainedEconomicDevelopmentRequirestheDevelopmentofCleanCoalIndustry进入二十一世纪以来，中国经济的发展带动着能源的高速发展。从2000年到2007年，中国GDP平均增长速度为9.2%，能源消耗平均增长速度为8.5%，其中70%以上的一次性能源供给来自煤炭，到2007年，中国煤炭消耗量为25.8亿吨（见表1）。根据《国家中国？国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划》，十一五期间，中国GDP平均增长速度为7.5%，煤炭的消耗将继续保持高速增长。然而，煤炭属于不可再生能源，其储存量是有限的。煤炭产业的可持续发展，亟待提高煤炭的资源利用率，为此，需要大力促进清洁煤产业的发展。中国？Sincethetwenty-firstcentury,China’seconomicdevelopmenthasbroughtalongtherapiddevelopmentofenergyresources.From2000to2007,China’sGDPgrowthrateaveragesaveraged9.2percent,theenergyconsumptiongrowthrate8.5percent,ofwhichmorethan70percent%ofprimaryenergysupplycomesfromwerecoal.By2007,China’scoalconsumptionhasreachedamountedto2,.580,000,000billiontons(SeeTable1).Accordingto“The11thFive-yearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment”,duringthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod,China'saverageGDPgrowthrateisexpectedtobe7.5percent,andcoalconsumptionwillcontinuetomaintainrapidgrowthspeed.However,forcoalisnon-renewableenergy,anditsstoragecapacitywhosereservesisarelimited.,Sustainabledevelopmentofthecoalindustryneedstoimprovetheutilizationrateofcoalresourcesurgentlyneedstobeenhancedforsustainabledevelopmentofthecoalindustry.Therefore,greateffortshavetoshouldbemadetopromotecleancoalindustry.Table1:2000~2007ChineseChina’sGDP,coalconsumptionandcoalstoragereserve表1：2000~2007年中国GDP、煤炭消耗量和煤炭存储量能否补齐数据能否补齐数据年份GDP煤炭消耗煤炭储存亿元增长（%）亿吨增长（%）亿吨储/采比20008940482001959337.311.110.92002102398820031166949.115.7913.620041365159.518.714.411455920051823219.921.410.6114552200620940710.723.79.6114548200724661911.425.87.9114545注：GDP和煤炭消耗数量来源于国家统计局，煤炭存储量来源于世界能源数据。YearGDPCoalConsumptionCoalReservesStoragehundredmillionYuanGrowth（%）hundredmilliontonsGrowth（%）hundredmilliontonsReserve/ExploitationProductionRatio20008940482001959337.311.110.92002102398820031166949.115.7913.620041365159.518.714.411455920051823219.921.410.6114552200620940710.723.79.6114548200724661911.425.87.9114545Note:DateofGDPandcoalconsumptionamountdataarefromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,coalstoragereservesdatafromtheworld'senergydata.1.2.2中国环境改善需要清洁煤产业1.1.2China’sEnvironmentalPollutionControlImprovementNeedstheDevelopmentofClean20世纪80年代中期以后，随着我国电力建设的迅速发展，煤炭等化石燃料燃烧导致大量的SOX、NOX等气体的排放，造成了大气污染严重。根据国家环保总局的数据（表2）具体到哪一个统计年鉴？！，从2000年到2007年全国二氧化硫排放量增加593.7万吨，增长速度为29.7%，从2000年到2006年，工业排放增加量625.1万吨，增长速度为38.8%。从表上还可以看出近几年工业排放量所占比例逐年提高。具体到哪一个统计年鉴？！Afterthemid-1980s,withtherapiddevelopmentofChina'spowerconstruction,combustionoffossilfuelssuchascoalleadstogreatamountofSOX、NOX,andothergasemissions,causingseriousairpollution.AccordingtodatafromtheStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministrationdata(Table2),from2000to2007,thenationalsulfurdioxideemissionamounthasincreasedby5,.937,000milliontons,withagrowthrateof29.7percent.From2000to2006,sulfurdioxideindustrialemissionamountfromindustryhasincreasedby6,.251million,000tons,withagrowthrateof38.8percent.Fromthetablebelow,iAstcanbeseenfromthetablebelowthattheproportionofTable2:2000-2007China’snationalSO2totalemissionamountofSO2andindustrialSO2emission表2：2000-2007年全国SO2排放总量和工业SO2排放情况年份SO2排放总量工业SO2排放总量工业排放比例万吨万吨%20001995.11612.580.820011947.2156680.420021926.6156281.120032158.51791.683.020042254.91891.483.920052549.42168.485.120062588.82237.686.420072468.1注：数据来源于国家环保总局YearSO2TotalEmissionAmountIndustrialSO2TotalEmissionAmountIndustrialEmissionRateTenthousandtonsTenthousandtons%20001995.11612.580.820011947.2156680.420021926.6156281.120032158.51791.683.020042254.91891.483.920052549.42168.485.120062588.82237.686.420072468.1Note:DataarefromtheStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration;.二氧化硫的排放直接导致“酸雨”的形成。目前，我国酸雨区占国土面积的30%，主要集中在长江以南，四川省、云南省以东的区域，包括浙江省、江西省、湖南省、福建省、重庆市的大部分地区以及长三角和珠三角地区，见图1：全国降水pH年均等值线图。此外，根据《2007年国家环境公报》，酸雨发生频率比较高。在500个监测的城市（县）中，出现酸雨的城市281个，占56.2%；酸雨发生频率在25%以上的城市171个，占34.2%；酸雨发生频率75%以上的城市65个，占13.0%。SO2emissiondirectlyleadstotheformationofcauses“acidrain”.Atpresent,China’'sacidrain-plaguedareacoversaccountedfor30%percentofthecountry,nationalterritory,mainlyintheareasouthoftheYangtzeRiverand,eastregionofSichuanProvinceandYunnanProvince,includingmostpartsmuchofZhejiang,Jiangxi,Hunan,FujianProvince,ChongqingMunicipality,aswellasinthelong-TriangleYangtzeRiverDeltaandthePearlRiverDeltaregion,seeFigure1:NationalprecipitationpHaverageannualcontourisolinemap.Inaddition,accordingtothe“2007NationalEnvironmentalBulletin”,theacidrainfrequencyofacidrainismuchrelativelyhigher.InAmongthe500monitoredcities(counties)undermonitoring,about281cities,or56.2percentofthetotal,hadacidrain,accountingfor56.2percent;171cities’hadthefrequencyyofacidrainishigherhigherthan25%,percent,accountingfor34.2percent;65citiesoneshadacidrainfrequencyhigherthan75percent,accountingfor13.0percent%,accountingfor13.0%..图1：2007年全国降水pH年均等值线图Figure1:NationalprecipitationpHaverageannualcontourisolinemapin2007在NOx排放方面，排放量也在逐年增加。在1999年~2004年的六年中，火电厂NOx排放总量增加了235.7万吨。2004年全国NOX气体的排放总量为665.7万吨。IntheaspectTheemissionofNOx,theemissionamountisalsowitnessesayear-by-yearincreaseingyearbyyear.From1999to2004,thethepowerplantNOxemissionfromthepowerplanthasincreasedby2,.357,000milliontons.Thecountry’sIn2004,NOxtotalemissionofNOxamountreached6,.657million综上，中国的煤炭燃烧已经造成严重的环境污染，国家非常重视对二氧化硫及氮氧化物排放总量及增长趋势的控制，在《国家酸雨和二氧化硫污染防治“十一五”规划》中，明确提出将以燃煤电厂脱硫工程为主的工业二氧化硫治理工程为工作重点之一。发展清洁煤产业可以更好的控制二氧化硫和氮氧化物等排放所引起的污染。TosumupInconclusion,China’scoalburninghascausedseriousenvironmentalpollution.,andtThestateattachesgreatimportancetocontrolSO2andNOxthetotalemissionamountandincreasetrendofSO2andNOx.In“The11thFive-YearPlanforofNationalAcidRainandSulfurDioxidePollutionControl”,itisclearlypointedoutthatindustrialSO2pollutiontreatmentcontrolprojectbasedoncoal-firedpowerplantdesulfurizationofcoal-firedpowerplantshouldbeamongoneofthetoppriorities.ThedevelopmentofcleancoalindustrycanallowsmuchmorebettercontroloverthepollutioncausedbySO2andNOxemission.1.2.3应对气候变化需要发展清洁煤产业1.1.3AddressingClimateChangeNCallsforeedstheDevelopmentofCleanCoal二氧化碳作为最主要的一种温室气体（占排放总量的80%以上）主要来源于煤炭等化石燃料的燃烧，与能源的生产与利用密切相关。自工业化时代以来，由于人类活动已引起全球温室气体排放增加，其中大气层中二氧化碳的含量在1970年至2004年期间增加了70%。Carbondioxide,Asamajorgreenhousegas,Carbondioxide(accountingformorethan80%percentoftheemittedgreenhousegasemissions)comescomingmainlyfromcombustionoffossilfuelssuchascoal,andiscloselyrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.Sincetheindustrializationtimesage,asaresultofhumanactivity,hadcausedanincreaseofglobalgreenhousegasemissionhasincreased,ofwhichwithariseof70percentinthecarbondioxidecontentofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1970-2004increasedby70%from1970-2004.为了应对和减缓气候变化，1992年在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国环境与发展大会上，150多个国家共同制定了《联合国气候变化框架公约》。1997年又签署了《京都议定书》，《京都议定书》规定附件B中的38个发达国家必须履行温室气体减排义务，在2008-2012年间将该国溫室气体排放量降至1990年水平再減5.2%。Inordertorespondtoandmitigateclimatechange,“UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange”wasformulatedbymorethan150countriesontheUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentheldinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,in1992.In1997,“KyotoProtocol”wassighed,whichstipulatedinAppendixBthat38developedcountriesinAppendixBmustfulfilltheirobligationsofreducinggreenhousegasemissionreductionobligations.During2008-2012,thecountrygreenhousegasemissionreducestothelevelof1990,withanotherreduction虽然在《京都议定书》中中国不履行减排义务，但2007年中国二氧化碳的排放量已经达到27亿吨，位居世界第二，仅次于美国28亿吨。由于中国经济发展速度较快，二氧化碳排放量的增速也快，十五期间中国的二氧化碳排放总量每年以4%的速度增加，有专家预测在2010年后中国的二氧化碳排放量将会超过美国而位居世界第一。Althoughinthe“KyotoProtocol”,ChinadoesnotfulfilltheobligationofmakesnocommitmentstocuttingcarbonemissionreductionsaccordingtoKyotoProtocol,but.With2.7billiontonsemissionin2007,however,ithasbecometheworld’ssecondlargestcarbondioxideemitterin2007China’scarbondioxideemissionhadreached2,700,000,000tons,rankingsecondintheworldafterthe,onlytoUnitedStates’with2,.800,000,000billiontons.AsChina’s’seconomydevelopsfast,andsodoesitscarbondioxideemissiongrowsquickly,,presentinganannualgrowthrateof4percentduringinthe10thFive-YearPlanperiod,China’scarbondioxideemissionincreasesattherateof4percenteachyear..Someexpertshavepredictedthatby2010China’scarbondioxideemissionwillexceedovertaketheU.S.astheandbethehighestlargestemitterintheworldby2010.根据2007年底达成的《巴厘岛路线图》，所有国家都负有“共同而有区别的责任”，即发达国家将承担起量化减排责任，而包括中国在内的发展中国家虽然不必承诺量化减排，但也要积极采取措施控制排放量的增加乃至减排。AccordingtoBasedon“Baliroadmap”passedattheendof2007,allcountrieshave“commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities”,thatis,developedcountriesshouldberesponsiblemeettheirresponsbilitiestoreduceforquantifiedemissionreduction,anddevelopingcountrieswithnoreductioncommitment,includingChina,donothavetopromisequantifiedemissionreduction,buttheyshouldalsotakeactivemeasurestocontrolemissionincreaseaswellastheandeventoreduceemission.面对国际气候变化的谈判压力，中国已经开始积极采取措施应对气候变化。2007年6月国家发改委发布了《中国应对气候变化国家方案》，确定能源生产和转化领域为减排温室气体的重点领域之一，强化清洁、低碳能源开发和利用的鼓励政策，加强煤的清洁高效开发和利用技术。同月科技部联合国家发改委、外交部等发布了《中国应对气候变化科技专项行动》，在技术开发上提出煤的清洁高效开发利用技术，二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术等。发展清洁煤产业将会有力促进中国的二氧化碳减排。

Underthepressureoftheinternationalclimatechangenegotiations,Chinahasbeguntotakingepositivemeasurestohandleaddressclimatechange.InJune2007,NationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionissuedthe“ChinaNationalPlanforCopingwithClimateChangeProgram”,whichsetidentifedtheareaofenergyproductionandconversionasoneofkeyareasofforreducinggreenhousegasemissionsasoneofthetoppriorityareas,bystrengthenedingthepolicyincentivesdevisedforofexploitationandutilizationofclean,low-carbonenergy,andenhancedingtechnologyofcleanandefficientexploitationandutilizationofcoalefficientexploitationandutilizationofcleancoaltechnology.IntThesamemonth,MinistryofScienceandTechnology,ontheUnitedNationsDevelopmentandReformCommission,andMinistryofForeignAffairsjointlyissuedissuedChinaInitiatesaSpecialSci-TechCampaigntoCopewithClimateChanges“China'sScientificandTechnologicalActionsonClimateChange”,whichputforwardtheefficienttechnologyofcleanandefficientexploitationandutilizationofcoal,carbondioxidecapture,utilizationandstoragetechnologyintermsoftechnologydevelopment.ThedevelopmentofcleancoalindustryinChinawillgreatlypromotetheeffectivereductionofcarbondioxideemissionreduction.1.2国内清洁煤产业发展现状1.2DomesticCleanCoalIndustryDevelopmentStatusofChina’sCleanCoalIndustry洁净煤技术（也叫洁净煤技术）是指在煤炭开发和加工利用全过程中，旨在减少污染与提高利用效率而加工、燃烧、转换及污染控制等技术的总称，是使煤作为一种能源达到最大限度潜能的利用而释放的污染应控制的最低水平。Cleancoaltechnologyreferstotheentireisageneraltermfortechnology,iesofsuchasprocessing,combustion,conversionandpollutioncontrol,forreducingpollutionandimprovingenhencingtheutilizationefficiencyofutilizationintheprocessofcoalexploitationandprocessing.Itistoachievethemaximumpotentialuseofcoalenergywiththeminimumreleaseofpollution.目前，我国洁净煤技术开发、应用、推广方面有显著的进展。主要表现在：Atpresent,significantprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopment,application,andpromotionofcleancoaltechnology,whichmainlyembodiesinthefollowingaspectshasachievedsignificantprogress.Forinstance:煤炭的深加工有所进步，煤炭入洗比重逐年提高；工业型煤和水煤浆技术开发和应用开始起步，已有示范性项目投入使用；煤炭气化技术已比较成熟，煤气已成为城市民用燃料的重要组成部分；正在进行煤炭液化的性能和工艺条件试验，以及煤炭液化商业性示范厂的可行性研究。dDeepcoalprocessingofcoalhasbeenimproved,andtheproportionofcoalwashingincreasedyearbyyear;coalindustryInitialeffortshavebeenmadeinthedevelopmentandapplicationofindustrialbriquetteandcoal-waterslurrytechnologyappears,withpilotprojectshavehavingbeenputintouse;coalCoalgasificationtechnologyismuchmoremature,andcoalgashasbecomeanimportantpartofurbancivilianfuel;Effortsarebeingmadetoconducttestsonongoingcoalliquefactionprocessandtechnicalquesconditiontest,aswellastocarryoutfeasibilitystudyoncommercialcoalliquefactiondemonstrationplantofcoalliquefactionfeasibilitystudy;以下从清洁煤技术的煤炭加工、洁净燃煤与发电、煤转化、污染物治理及资源综合利用四个领域分别做详细地介绍。ADdetailedintroductionaboutthefourfieldsofcleancoaltechnologywillbeillustratedinthefollowingfourfields:coalprocessing,cleancoalburningandpowergeneration,coalconversion,andpollutantcontrolandcomprehensiveutilizationofresources..2.1CoalProcessing这是煤炭燃烧前的净化加工技术，包括洗选、型煤、配煤和水煤浆等技术。Itisreferstothepurifyingtechnologiesybeforecoalcombustion,includingcoalwashingandselection,briquettemolding,blending,andcoal-waterslurrytechnologies.洗选CoalWashingandDressingandSelection煤炭的洗选加工是洁净煤技术的源头，经过十几年的攻关，重介选煤技术取得积极进展和广泛推广，实现了传统洗煤工艺的升级和改造。同时，浮选技术也日趋完善，有效地提高了精煤回收率和浮选效果。目前，我国自主研发的煤炭洗选技术装备可以满足年产500万吨大型选煤厂建设的需要。DressingCcoalbywashingandselectionprocessisatechnologywhichasourceofcleancoaltechnologyisdrivedfrom,.andaAftermorethanadecadeofresearch,positiveprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentandwidepromotionofdensemediumcoalpreparationtechnologybyhasmadepositiveprogressandwidepromotion,whichrealizedupgradingandtransformationoftraditionalcoalwashingtechnology.Atthesametime,theincreasingperfectionofflotationtechnologyisbeingperfecteddaybyday,haseffectivelyimprovingimprovedthecleancoalrecoveryrateandtheeffectofflotation.Atpresent,China’sR&Dofcurrentindependently-developedcoalwashingandselectiondressingtechnologyandequipmentcanmeettheneedofconstructionoflargecoalpreparationplantswithanannualoutputof5,000,000tons.oflargecoalpreparationplantconstruction.近年来，我国煤炭洗选加工业取得较快发展，原煤入选能力和入选量分别由2000年的5.25亿吨、3.86亿吨上升到2005年的8.37亿吨和7.03亿吨；选煤技术取得显著进步，采用重介选煤法的选煤厂超过40%；开发了大直径无压三产品(精煤、中煤、矸石)重介旋流器等一批先进技术和设备，提高了产品质量和生产效率。Inrecentyears,China’scoalwashinganddressingindustryhasachievedrapiddevelopment,withrawcoalwashingandselectioncapacityandquantityrisingfrom0.2000’s525,000,000billiontons,to0.837billiontonsandwashingquantityfrom0.386,000,000billiontonsrespectivelyupto2005’s837,000,000tonstoand0.703billion,000,000tonsfrom2000to2005;.significantWiththeremarkableprogresshasbeenmadeonincoalselectionpreparationtechnology,withmorethan40%percentcoalpreparationplantsnowareusingdensemediumtechnology;.large-diameternon-pressurethreeproducts(headcoal,Middlingcoal,coalgangues),densemediumcyclone,Aandanumberofadvancedtechnologytechnologiesandequipmentshavebeendeveloped,suchaslarge-diameterpressurelessthreeproducts(cleancoal,middlings,coalgangues)densemediumcyclone,which,whichgreatlyimproveddproductqualityandproductionefficiency.但从我国煤炭洗选加工整体水平来看，与发达国家相比，仍然存在不小差距。一是原煤入选比例低。2006年，全国原煤入选率为33%，远低于国外55%至95%的水平。二是商品煤质量差。我国的炼焦精煤平均灰分为9.5%，高灰、高硫商品煤已成为我国用煤行业高能耗和高污染的重要因素。三是选煤厂规模小。2005年全国共有选煤厂961处，原煤入选总能力为8.37亿吨，平均生产规模仅为87万吨。四是选煤副产品利用率低。2005年，全国洗选共计排放废水约6700万吨，煤炭开采和洗选加工每年产生和排放的煤矸石、煤泥达3.8亿吨，利用率为53%，煤矸石堆场占用土地高达65000公顷以上。However,Chinastilllagsfarbehindcomparedwithdevelopedcountriesincoalwashinganddressingindustryonthewhole,intheoveralllevelofcoalprocessing,therearestillbiggaps.Firstislow,theselectionrateofproportionofselectedrawcoalislow.In2006,thenationalrawcoalselectionrateonthenationallevelwas33percent%,farbelow55-95%percentlevelabroad.Second,liesinpoorthequalityofcommercialcoalcoalproductsispoor.TheaverageashcontentofChina’scokingheadcoalbeinguseaverages9.5percent,high-ash,andhighsulfurcommercialcoalproductshavebecomeanimportantfactorforthatcauseshighenergyconsumptionandhighpollutionininChina’scoalindustry.Third,coalpreparationplantscaleissmall.In2005,therewere961coalpreparationplantsalloverthecountry,,withthetotalcoalwashingcapacityof0.coalselectionwas837,000,000billiontons,butbuttheaverageproductionamountofamountwasonly870,000tons.Fourthis,lowutilizationrateofby-productoffromcoalselectionwashing.utilizationrateislow.In2005,totalnationalwastewaterdischargedfromcoalwashingindustryreachedaboutwasabout67,000,000milliontons;,coalgangueandcoalslimefromcoalmining,washingandprocessingproducedanannualemissionofcoalgangue,coalmudamountedto0.380,000,000billiontonseveryyear,withtheutilizationratebeingof53%;percent.coalPilesofcoalgangueoccupiedanareauptomorethanover65,000hectares.型煤CoalMoldingBriquette型煤技术已作为中国洁净煤技术的重要组成部分和优先发展的领域，在今后相当长时期内具有十分广阔的发展前景，对提高煤炭利用效率，减轻用煤造成的环境污染，满足部分工业生产和不断提高城乡人民的生活需要具有重要意义。AsanimportantcomponentpartandtheoneenjoyingpriordevelopmentareaofChina’scleancoaltechnology,coalmoldingbriquettetechnologyhasbroaddevelopmentprospectsfordevelopmentforquitealongtimeinthefuture,which.Itisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingthecoalutilizationefficiencyoftheuseofcoal,reducingmitigatingenvironmentalpollutioncausedbyfromcoal,satisfyingtheneedofsomesomeoftheindustryindustrialproductionandmeetingtheever-increasinglivingdemandsofgraduallyenhancingpeopleinbothurbanandruralpeopleareas’sneeds.中国的民用型煤技术一直处于国际领先水平，1997年底全国民用型煤产量达7000万t，民用型煤中80%以上是蜂窝煤，其余为煤球、和其他成型煤。民用型煤普及率65%，其中浙江、江苏、广东、广西、四川等省的一些城市75%左右，北京、天津和沈阳等城市基本上达到100%。能否更新到07年的数据？！能否更新到07年的数据？！China'hasalwaysbeenaninternationalleaderinstermsofcivilcoalmoldingbriquetteciviliantechnologyhasbeenallalongleadingtheworld.Bytheendof1997,theitsnationaloutputofcivilcoalbriquettemoldingcoaloutputreached70,000,000milliontons,over80percentofwhichwashoneycombbriquetaccountedformorethan80%,andtherestwasbriquetteandothers.Theapplicationrateapplicationrateofcivilmoldingcoalratebriquetteaverages65percent;about75percentinsomecitiessuchasofZhejiang,Jiangsu,Guangdong,Guangxi,andSichuanProvince,theratewasabout75percent;andalmost100percentinBeijing,Tianjin,Shenyangandothercities,theratereachedtoalmost100%工业型煤有锅炉、型焦、化肥、城市煤气、机车、燃料气型煤等。目前全国工业型煤年产能力量约3000万t以上，主要是中小型化肥厂和小高炉型焦。全国约有60%的中小化肥厂用型煤做原料，替代了相应数量的焦炭或块煤，具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。其他型煤则处于示范或商业性示范阶段。数据来源？数据来源？Industrialmoldingcoalbriquettehasapplicationinincludesboilercoal,coke,fertilizer,citygas,locomotivesand,fuelgas,moldingcoaletc.Atpresent,Chinanowproducesmorethan30milliontonsindustrialbriquetteeveryyearmoldingcoalindustryhasanannualoutputcapacityofaboutmorethan30,000,000t,whichismainlyusedinsmallandmedium-sizedfertilizerplantsandsmallblastfurnacecoke.About60%ofsmallandmedium-sizedchemicalfertilizerplantsusebriquetteasrawmaterialstoreplacethecorrespondingamountoflumpcoalorcoke,gainingbettereconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsusemoldingcoalasrawmaterialstoreplacethecorrespondingamountoflumpcoalorcoke,withgoodeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Othermoldingcoalbriquetteisinatmodelorcommercialmodelstage.动力配煤DynamicalSteamCoalBlending将不同品质的煤取长补短，经过破碎、筛选按比例配合，并辅以一定的添加剂以适应用户对煤质的要求。统计表明锅炉采用配煤后，平均节煤可达5%。Thetechnologyistoselectbreak,sieveandblendproratathecoalofdifferentqualities,blendthem,andsupplementadditivetomeetusers’requirementsofforcoalquality.Statisticsshowthatafterapplyingcoalblending,boilerscansavecoalcanbesavedbyuptoanaverageof5%onaveragebyapplyingcoalblendingtoboilers.20世纪80年代初期，我国京、津、沪等大城市开始采用动力配煤技术，近几年来，动力配煤技术在我国得到了广泛应用，目前，我国已有年产动力配煤8000万吨的能力数据来源！年份？。数据来源！年份？Intheearly1980s,CoalblendingtechnologystartedtobeapplicableinChina’sBeijing,Tianjin,Shanghaiandotherbigcitiesintheearly1980sandhasbeenwidelyusedbegantousecoalblendingtechnologythroughoutthecountryinrecentyears.Inrecentyears,coalblendingtechnologyiswidelyusedinChina.Atpresent,Chinahasenjoysathenannualblendingcapacitytoblendanoutputof80,000,000milliontonscoaleachyear.水煤浆Coal-waterSlurry由煤、水和化学添加剂按一定的要求配制成的混合物，具有较好的流动性和稳定性，易于储存，可雾化燃烧，是一种燃烧效率较高和低污染的较廉价的洁净燃料，可代重油缓解石油短缺的能源安全问题。Themixtureismadefromcoal,waterandchemicaladditivesinaccordancewithcertainrequirementwhasiththequalityofgoodliquidityandstability,easystorage,atomizationburning