牛津高中英语模块四uniGrammarandusage

GrammarandUsageDirectspeechandreportedspeechUnit1M4直接引语和间接引语直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句；直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。直接引语：

Shesaid,“Mybrother’snameisTom.” Heaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive?”间接引语：

Shesaidthatherbrother’snamewasTom. HeaskedmewhereIlived.直接引语和间接引语的转换在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。1、如何变人称：

口诀：一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新1.She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said_____brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with___2.Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→Shetoldmethat___playedbasketballbetterthan____.3.Hesaid,“She

willcometohavealongholidaywithus.”→Hesaid

that_____wouldcometohavealongholidaywith_____.

her

her

I

hershethem2.若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语现在时过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变将来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时Hesaid,“I’mapoliceman.” Hesaidthathewasapoliceman.2.Hesaid,“I’mplayingfootballnow.” Hesaidthathewasplayingfootballthen.3.Hesaid,“Ihavedonemyhomework.” Hesaidthathehaddonehishomework.4.Hesaid,“Isawafilmyesterday.” Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybefore.5.Hesaid,“Ihadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm. Hesaidthathehadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendofthetermbefore.

注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingcookingwhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingcokingwhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.3.指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthenthatdaythatnightthisweeklastweekyesterdayfivedaysagotomorrownextweekthatweektheweekbeforethedaybeforefivedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek地点状语herethere动词comegoEx:Page9(1)was(2)wouldbe(3)hadread(4)that(5)would(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)her4.若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或whether。如：Sheaskedhermother,“CanIgoshoppingwithyou?”

Sheaskedhermotherif/whethershecouldgoshoppingwithher.Heaskedme,“WillyouhaveatestonThursday?”

Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldhaveatestonThursday.5.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序。如：“Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonbooks?”heaskedme.

HeaskedmehowmuchmoneyIspentonbooks.“Whatisyouruncle?”heaskedme.

Heaskedmewhatmyunclewas.6.当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为tell(ask,order,advise,encourage,warn)sb.(not)todosth.的句型。直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest

+动名词（或从句）”1.况T稳he域p集ol妙ic设e灾ma广n戒sa宰id蹲t蜂o柿th爬e叙ch掘il诱dr仇en姿,中“D涛on岭’t访p卡la截y客fo软ot里ba贺ll梳i机n快th吊e哈st批re连et递.”Th臣e国po灵li叙ce介ma烈n魂to闪ld引t歪he蛾c奸hi烈ld汽re总n钳no竞t劝to改p扭la椅y仙fo变ot慢ba饮ll痛i夕n偏th岔e移st霸re血et孔.2.纸M投y托mo粥th弓er阅s炕ai技d迟to云m唤e,刑“赔Pl爹ea耗se悔c狡om洪e董an睡d拼he唐lp炼m剩e.径”My丙m扯ot迎he榨r阶as雄ke添d牌me亏t表o违go菠a类nd讯h抚el醋p棒he棍r.3.这H陪e骆sa哗id明,掏"L永et训's谅g吩o本to宿t杨he菜m裂ov舰ie称s.沃"He联s颈ug吓ge邻st化ed仿g沈oi厚ng蔽t质o蹈th恶e砖mo松vi励es势./He肚s基ug犹ge兴st揉ed惭t粥ha暑t剪th匆ey专s旦ho时ul完d逮go最t止o袜se但e始th其e抹mo宽vi舱es糊.Ke纺y索to须E杜xe羽rc劲is旧e贼A2.雅a聪sk惩ed兰h谎ow温i际t仓co匙ul将d挣he采lp豪h红im缘瑞r酒em杯em偷be胜r程En握gl离is干h煌wo阔rd舟s.3.握A译sk贸ed辈w丸he激th忽er辉/i复f剂it羡t拍au慨gh职t偷li两st预en刑in谊g瘦an茄d路sp逃ea侮ki携ng厨.4.骑a染sk叨ed示w晒ha勉t摩th刺e僵de矿si曲gn到er科w甩ou房诚ld得d涌o席if驱s激he追w珍as矿n夹ot炮s胳at乒is怕fi茶ed膝w蜂it顿h祖th改e且so命ft术wa棍re皂.5.附a算sk惕ed宇w执he别th补er教/i沙f侧it村w辽as恐e酒as蔽y客to川u施se佣.Ke居y贿to方E岸xe密rc盐is顺e钳B2.翼T疼he算e斯xp坚er龟t因en越co律ur气ag寒es晨u释s鹊to顿u面se默i穷nt冒er浆es叼ti顷ng普a杜nd润a逮tt宁ra嫁ct胆iv挎e邻ph踢ot搅os妈.3.归T报he终e蚂xp买er项t街re隶co油mm落en厌ds扬t寺ha扫t睬we崭(哪sh畅ou围ld庸)笔us壁e巩ey评e-浮ca链tc链hi悲ng愚l洋og报os秒.4.垫T识he颠e候xp叉er俩t乓su善gg希es搜ts挡t营ha脆t校we衰(锻sh高ou委ld费)决ma盏ke兆t治he句s选lo误ga延ns罗s渣ho因rt倘a泡nd罗e红as研y尺to目r星em央em站be祥r.5.买T垄he乘e附xp睬er起t邮te汇ll石s谣us追t膊o颗ma季ke毙g渠oo泰d棕us腔e昨of脖c筹ol筛or摸s极to敲a征tt够ra珠ct冬p岔eo氏pl漂e’法s旅at筋te娘nt唉io疲n.把下克列句嘱子改拨为间沙接引榴语“I西d伍on暂’t插t到hi汗nk夫I之w撕il末l框be筒a男bl桥e踩to续f绑in盲is重h年it驾i挪n伍ti嗓me件,”艺M荡ik平e暖sa捐id贿.“I侍t’详s京th私e碧mo械st壁i屈nt要er拨es吐ti和ng荣f唯il咱m放I’择ve松e次ve丧r前se挽en浴,”物h播e往to金ld符h掌is港f趋ri核en叨d.Mi升ke承s烫ai董d和th菌at袋h粗e洪di评dn冲’t仍t赌hi局nk梯h滴e兰wo引ul恼d陪be惧a墓bl送e封to比f社in范is括h妇it蹦i恐n择ti旺me镇.He访t忆ol奖d筋hi状s磁fr帜ie番nd屑t晕ha滋t昏it莫w眨as鼠t俭he楼m骂os拐t缴in绒te笑re染st猴in桨g急fi孙lm与h现e棕ha区d毒ev欧er房诚s眼ee行n.3.枣T予he嘱d洞oc短to难r头sa址id权,拳“T穿he占m拐an胳h惩as进h伐ur屑t草hi泽s景le付g护ra仗th料er奥b最ad型ly鸣.”4.礼M足y养mo涌th黑er嫌s欲ai盼d,絮“草Ha虫ve贩y矛ou剪r研ba故d衔to顾ot笔h许be丽en咸p在ul柱le继d背ou揉t?裕”5.咬“皆Ho悔w插wi侦ll警y淹ou蹈g障o饲to漏t盈he苦p维ar负k?救”炼Br承ow允n膛sa繁id蒸t伶o俱hi拦s餐yo享un于ge肚r捡br蔽ot外he肉r.Th某e懂do卫ct假or束s守ai他d尽th胳at薪t查he嘱m购an颗h础ad曾h左ur匹t粉hi俯s剖le番g绘ra堪th斗er教b拉ad惕ly剧.My伏m孤ot滴he剖r窑as傲ke春d加if瓜m康y好ba混d伞to阅ot棚h雄ha佳d浑be首en到p旦ul肠le睛d助ou滴t.Br讨ow竹n禾as骡ke巧d却hi伯s闪yo撒un骑ge屑r揭br崖ot握he拍r文ho薪w陕he懒w止ou帮ld岂g弹o肚to倾t暗he竖p乏ar债k.把下宿列句动子改坐为直遍接引短语He鞭a悟sk黄ed雪w涨hy忽p渴eo辱pl静e鹿we歌nt困t依o评ha英mb控ur因ge忍r百re蛛st傲au岗ra晋nt束s.Th栋e奔st照ud毒en轮t渴to忠ld壤h东is颠h贞ea争d宫te徒ac猜he梳r捧th然at绪h裤e杨wo考ul山d宫go念t凝o山th重e捉Gr杯ea从t疫Wa径ll铜t钳he灭n痒ex已t途da坑y.He犹a商sk育ed箭,估“W备hy汗d箩o即pe草op虹le晃g轨o必to剧h胖am向bu欢rg怖er闪r稼es告ta晚ur腹an打ts畅?”Th钢e峰st未ud后en隶t怀sa刘id帜t密o缩慧hi砌s作he伴ad适t千ea削ch炼er稳