【移动应用开发技术】RHEL6中文件基本操作命令有哪些

【移动应用开发技术】RHEL6中文件基本操作命令有哪些

ls--显示指定目录下内容/upload/information/20200311/45/197857.jpg/upload/information/20200311/45/197859.jpg/upload/information/20200311/45/197861.jpg[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-ld

/home

drwxr-xr-x.

4

root

root

4096

9月

22

10:41

/home

[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-d

/home

/home

[root@localhost

~]#[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-h

/home

justin

lost+found

[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-lh

/home

总用量

20K

drwx.

27

justin

justin

4.0K

9月

22

13:19

justin

drwx.

2

root

root

16K

9月

18

15:30

lost+found

[root@localhost

~]#[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-lR

/home

/home:

总用量

20

drwx.

27

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

13:19

justin

drwx.

2

root

root

16384

9月

18

15:30

lost+found

/home/justin:

总用量

32

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

公共的

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

模板

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

视频

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

图片

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

文档

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

下载

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

音乐

drwxr-xr-x.

2

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

10:49

桌面

/home/justin/公共的:

总用量

0

/home/justin/模板:

总用量

0

/home/justin/视频:

总用量

0

/home/justin/图片:

总用量

0

/home/justin/文档:

总用量

0

/home/justin/下载:

总用量

0

/home/justin/音乐:

总用量

0

/home/justin/桌面:

总用量

0

/home/lost+found:

总用量

0

[root@localhost

~]#[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-l

/home

总用量

20

drwx.

27

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

13:19

justin

drwx.

2

root

root

16384

9月

18

15:30

lost+found

-rw-r--r--.

1

root

root

0

9月

22

15:21

t

[root@localhost

~]#

ls

-lt

/home

总用量

20

-rw-r--r--.

1

root

root

0

9月

22

15:21

t

drwx.

27

justin

justin

4096

9月

22

13:19

justin

drwx.

2

root

root

16384

9月

18

15:30

lost+found

[root@localhost

~]#gssapi_mech.conf

popt.d

xml

gtk-2.0

portreserve

yp.conf

hal

postfix

yum

host.conf

ppp

yum.conf

hosts

prelink.cache

yum.repos.d

hosts.allow

prelink.conf

hosts.deny

prelink.conf.d

[root@localhost

etc]#

ll

-d

/etc/po*.d

drwxr-xr-x.

2

root

root

4096

1月

11

2010

/etc/popt.d

[root@localhost

etc]#

ll

-d

/etc/po?.d

ls:

无法访问/etc/po?.d:

没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost

etc]#du显示文件或目录大小[root@localhost

src]#

du

-h

nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

1.8M

nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost

src]#

du

nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

1748

nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost

src]#[root@localhost

local]#

du

-b

src/nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

1789376

src/nagios-3.5.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost

local]#[root@localhost

local]#

du

-sh

src/

41M

src/

[root@localhost

local]#df显示档案系统的状况；主要用来了解系统中已经挂载的各个文件系统的磁盘使用情况[root@localhost

~]#

df

-Th

文件系统

类型

容量

已用

可用

已用%%

挂载点

/dev/sda2ext4

9.9G

2.6G

6.9G

28%

/

tmpfs

tmpfs

504M

112K

504M

1%

/dev/shm

/dev/sda1ext4

194M

27M

158M

15%

/boot

/dev/sda5ext4

7.7G

147M

7.2G

2%

/home

/dev/sr0iso9660

2.9G

2.9G

0

100%

/media/RHEL_6.3

i386

Disc

1

[root@localhost

~]#file查看文件类型[root@localhost

home]#

file

justin/

justin/:

directory

[root@localhost

home]#

file

justin1

justin1:

empty

[root@localhost

~]#

file

install.log

install.log:

UTF-8

Unicode

text文件内容查看cat显示文件内容[root@localhost

log]#

cat

/var/log/messagesmore分页显示文件内容[root@localhost

log]#

more

-5s

/var/log/messages

Sep

22

10:36:06

localhost

kernel:

imklog

5.8.10,

log

source

=

/proc/kmsg

started.

Sep

22

10:36:06

localhost

rsyslogd:

[origin

software="rsyslogd"

swVersion="5.8.10"

x-pid

="1323"

x-info=""]

start

Sep

22

10:36:06

localhost

kernel:

Initializing

cgroup

subsys

cpuset

Sep

22

10:36:06

localhost

kernel:

Initializing

cgroup

subsys

cpu

--More--(0%)less分页显示文件内容head查看文件开头部分的内容[root@localhost

~]#

head

-5

/etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost

~]#tail查看文件末尾部分的内容[root@localhost

~]#

tail

-5

/etc/passwd

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous

NFS

User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated

SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

justin:x:500:500:justin_peng:/home/justin:/bin/bash

[root@localhost

~]#paste用于合并文件的列，将多行合并为一行[root@localhost

~]#

cat

>

1.txt

<<

EOF

>

1

>

11

>

111

>

EOF

[root@localhost

~]#

cat

>

2.txt

<<

eof

>

2

>

22

>

222

>

eof

[root@localhost

~]#

cat

>

3.txt

<<

eof

>

3

>

33

>

333

>

eof

[root@localhost

~]#

paste

1.txt

2.txt

3.txt

1 2 3

11 22 33

111 222 333

[root@localhost

~]#[root@localhost

~]#

cat

>

test.txt

<<

EOF

>

001

>

002

>

003

>

004

>

005

>

006

>

007

>

EOF

[root@localhost

~]#

paste

-d

"

"

-s

<

test.txt

001

002

003

004

005

006

007

[root@localhost

~]#

cat

test.txt

001

002

003

004

005

006

007

[root@localhost

~]#

cat

test.txt

|

paste

-d

"

"

-s

>>

test1.txt

[root@localhost

~]#

cat

test1.txt

001

002

003

004

005

006

007

[root@localhost

~]#创建文件（夹）命令touch改变档案的时间记录,档案不存在则创建一个空文件，通常用来创建一个文件[root@localhost

home]#

touch

file1

file2

[root@localhost

home]#

ls

file1

file2

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#[root@justin

touch]#

touch

file{1..5}

[root@justin

touch]#

ls

file1

file2

file3

file4

file5

[root@justin

touch]#

touch

file{6...9}

[root@justin

touch]#

ls

file1

file2

file3

file4

file5

file{6...9}

[root@Zabbix

zabbix]#

mkdir

dir{1..5}

[root@Zabbix

zabbix]#

ls

dir1

dir3

dir5

file10

file12

file14

file16

file18

file2

file3

file5

file7

file9

dir2

dir4

file1

file11

file13

file15

file17

file19

file20

file4

file6

file8

[root@Zabbix

zabbix]#

touch

dir{1..5}/file{1..20}

[root@Zabbix

zabbix]#

ls

dir1

dir3

dir5

file10

file12

file14

file16

file18

file2

file3

file5

file7

file9

dir2

dir4

file1

file11

file13

file15

file17

file19

file20

file4

file6

file8

[root@Zabbix

zabbix]#[root@localhost

touch]#

date

Sat

Jan

14

10:54:16

CST

2017

[root@localhost

touch]#

touch

test1.txt

[root@localhost

touch]#

touch

-t

201610141053

test2.txt

[root@localhost

touch]#

ll

total

0

-rw-r--r--

1

root

root

0

Jan

14

10:54

test1.txt

-rw-r--r--

1

root

root

0

Oct

14

10:53

test2.txt

[root@localhost

touch]#

touch

-r

test1.txt

test2.txt

[root@localhost

touch]#

ll

total

0

-rw-r--r--

1

root

root

0

Jan

14

10:54

test1.txt

-rw-r--r--

1

root

root

0

Jan

14

10:54

test2.txt

[root@localhost

touch]#mkdirMakeDirectory创建新的目录[root@localhost

home]#

ls

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

dir1

[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

dir2/dir

mkdir:

无法创建目录"dir2/dir":

没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

-p

dir2/dir

[root@localhost

home]#[root@localhost

home]#

ls

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

-p

{dir1,dir2/{dir3,dir4}}

[root@localhost

home]#

ls

dir1

dir2

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#

ls

dir2

dir3

dir4

[root@localhost

home]#删除文件（夹）命令rmdir删除空目录(若目录非空删除中会报错）[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

-p

{dir1,dir2/dir3}

[root@localhost

home]#

ls

dir1

dir2

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#

rmdir

dir1

[root@localhost

home]#

rmdir

dir2

rmdir:

删除

"dir2"

失败:

目录非空

[root@localhost

home]#

rmdir

-p

dir2/dir3/

[root@localhost

home]#

ls

justin

lost+found

t

[root@localhost

home]#rm删除档案或目录[root@localhost

home]#

mkdir

-p

dir1/dir2

[root@localhost

home]#

rm

-r

dir1/

rm：是否进入目录"dir1"?

y

rm：是否删除目录

"dir1/dir2"？y

rm：是否删除目录

"dir1"？y

[root@localhost

home]#[root@APP

rm]#

ls

sda

SDa

sdaa

SDaa

sdaaa

sdaaaa

SDaaaa

sdaab

sdaz

[root@APP

rm]#

ls

|grep

-v

SD|xargs

rm

-f

[root@APP

rm]#

ls

SDa

SDaa

SDaaaa

[root@APP

rm]#[root@APP

rm]#

touch

sda

SDa

sdaa

SDaa

sdaaa

sdaaaa

SDaaaa

sdaab

sdaz

[root@APP

rm]#

rm

-f

!(SD*)

-bash:

!:

event

not

found

[root@APP

rm]#

shopt

-s

extglob

[root@APP

rm]#

rm

-rf

!(SD)

[root@APP

rm]#

ls

SDa

SDaa

SDaaaa

[root@APP

rm]#

rm

-f

!(a|b)

#保留a和b[root@mail

cur]#

rm

-rf

*

-bash:

/bin/rm:

Argument

list

too

long

[root@mail

new]#

ll

|wc

-l

221993

[root@mail

cur]#

ls

|

xargs

-n

10

rm

-fr

ls

[root@mail

new]#

ll

|wc

-l

1

[root@mail

new]#root@localhost

node_api]#

ls

-i

403627443

config

16073267

-g

[root@localhost

node_api]#

find

./

-inum

16073267

-exec

rm

{}

\;

[root@localhost

node_api]#

ls

config

[root@localhost

node_api]#[root@localhost

rename]#

ls

111222

111.sh

111.txt

222.txt

333.txt

[root@localhost

rename]#

rename

111

aaa

*

将所有的文件（夹）中的111替换成aaa

[root@localhost

rename]#

ls

222.txt

333.txt

aaa222

aaa.sh

aaa.txt

[root@localhost

rename]#

rename

'.txt'

'.sh'

*

将所有的以.txt的后缀替换成.sh

[root@localhost

rename]#

ls

222.sh

333.sh

aaa222

aaa.sh

[root@localhost

rename]#

rename

\.sh

''

*

去掉所有的.sh后缀

[root@localhost

rename]#

ls

222

333

aaa

aaa222

[root@localhost

rename]#[root@localhost

~]#

dd

if=/dev/zero

of=test

bs=1M

count=1024

[root@localhost

~]#

du

-sh

test

1.1G test

[root@localhost

~]#

>

test

[root@localhost

~]#

du

-sh

test

0 test

[root@loca