英语专业四级必备练习

英语专业四级必备练习英语专业四级必备练习/英语专业四级必备练习TEST4Whenastatementisnegated,itspresuppositionis__________.当一个语句的否定，其前提是A.stilltrueB.falseC.alsonegatedD.neithertruenorfalse（正确答案：A）Pragmaticfailuremayoccur_________语.用失误可能发生A.amonglearnersofaforeignlanguageonlyB.communicationonlyC.inbothcross-culturalandintra-culturalcommunicationspeakersofthesamelanguageonly

incross-culturalD.among（正确答案：C）在跨文化和文化交流中Whichofthefollowingisapairofrelationalantonyms关系反义词A.

dead/aliveB.large/smallC.male/femaleD.husband/wife（正确答案：

D）4.A.

Thesentencepresupposes

“JohnboughtaFordB.entailsC.

”

____“Johnboughtacar.issynonymouswithD.

”isconsistentwith（正确答案：B）需要Theinferenceofconventionalimplicaturedependson_________.常例含意的推导A.thecontextofcommunicationB.thehearers’knowledgeofthelanguageC.thesharedknowledgeofthespeakerandthehearerD.thehearer’sknowledgeoftheCP.（正确答案：B）6.Therelationbetweenthewords“animal”and“monkey”isthatof_______.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.antonymyD.hyponymy（正确答案：D）上下义关系7.AccordingtoSearle’sclassificationofspeechtheacts,of“advising”belongstothecategoryof__________.A.directivesB.commissivesC.expressivesD.assertives（正确答案：A）指令Whichofthefollowingutterancescanserveasanexampleofthetypeofspeechactscalled“declarations”I’mawfullysorryforsteppingonyourtoes.B.Youarefired!C.WillyousitdownpleaseD.Theearthisaglobe.（正确答案：B）Theexchangebelowcanbeusedasanillustrationof_______.A:Yournewskirtisreallynice!B:No,no.Itisverycheap.A.agrammaticalmistakeB.floutingofthemaximofmanneC.apragmaticfailureD.theviolationofCP（正确答案：C）语用失误Intheexchangebelowthesecondspeakerhasfloutingthemaxim违反准则of_______.A:Themoviewesawlastnightwasfantastic,don’youtthinkB:Thesoundeffectwasgood.A.qualityB.relationC.quantityD.manner（正确答案：C）relationbetween“ChristopherealizedthatWinniewasgone”and“Winniewasgone”is___________.A.synonymyB.entailmentC.presuppositionD.inconsistency（正确答案：C）预设12.“careful”inthephrase“averycarefulgirl”is__________.A.specifierB.modifierC.headD.complement（正确答案：B）修饰语Thesentence“C”_____“C.”A.entailsB.contradictsC.presupposesD.inlcudes（正确答案：C）预设Predicationanalysis展望剖析isawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticists结构语义学toanalyzethemeaningofa_______.A.morphemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence（正确答案：D）15.Thefunctionoftheutterance“Niceweather,isn’tit”is__________.A.referentialB.directiveC.phaticD.descriptive（正确答案：C）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasic_____ofsentences.A.formB.structureC.meaningD.soundpattern（正确答案：C）“Liftand”“elevatorare”usedrespectivelyinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish,buttheyrefertothesamething.Thewordsare_____synonyms.（正确答案：B）方言AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryacts言外行为whosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled________.A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives（正确答案：A）承诺Inthephrasestructurerule“S→NPVP”,thearrowcanbereadas________.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates（正确答案：B）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasic_____ofsentences.（正确答案：C）Utterancemeaning话语意义isricherthansentencemeaning;itisidenticalwiththepurposeforwhichthespeakeruttersthesentence.2.Alocutionaryistheactofsayingsomethinginthefullsenseof“say”.Specificactsthatfallintoeachtypesharethesameillocutionary言外point,butdifferintheirstrength.actofostensivecommunication明示交际communicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptimalrelevance.最正确关系性5.Reference参照iswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.argumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementsinasentence.三、TrueorFalse（每题分，总合分）samesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.（正确答案：错误）toSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives（.正确答案：错误）formshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense。（.正确答案：错误）importantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue。.（正确答案：正确）预设和蕴涵的重要差异是，预设不像蕴涵，是不简单的否定。也就是说，若是一个句子可否定的，本来的前提依旧是真实的theviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics语义,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.语企图识。（正确答案：正确）performinganillocutionaryactofrepresentative,thespeakerismakingastatementorgivingadescriptionwhichhehimselfbelievestobetrue.。（正确答案：正确）isbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyincontext.。（正确答案：正确）8.“above”and“below”areapairofcomplementaryantonyms.。（正确答案：错误）DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish。.（正确答案：错误）whenamaximunderCooperativePrinciple合作原则下的一条准则isblatantlyviolated公然违反andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.。（正确答案：正确）TEST5Thechildrenknowthetaboowords禁忌词,thepoliteformsofadress,during______.A.atypicaldevelopmentB.grammaticaldevelopmentC.pragmaticdevelopmentD.vocabularydevelopment您的答案：C语用发展2._________theorizedthatacquisitionoflanguageisaninnateprocess与生俱来的过程determinedbybiologicalfactorswhichlimittheimportantperiodforacquisitionofalanguagefromroughlytwoyearsofagetopubery.A.InputHypothesisB.CriticalPeriodHypothesisC.InteractionHypothesisD.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis您的答案：B临界周期假说Infirstlanguageacquisition,imitationplays________.A.aminorroleB.asignificantroleC.abasicroleD.norole您的答案：A小角色Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccurs_______.withlittleconsciousinstructionwithmuchimitationwithmuchcorrectionfromtheirparentswithlittlelinguisticinput您的答案：AInthefollowingstatementsaboutmotivation,whichoneisNOTtrueA.Itisdefinedasthelearnerattitudes’andsaffectivestateorlearningdrive.B.Ithasastrongimpactonalearner’seffortsinlearningasecondlanguage.Itoccursonlywhenlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.Itplaysanimportantroleinlearner’suseoflearningstrategies.您的答案：Cmeaningthatcanbefoundinthedictionaryisthe______meaningofaword.A.connotativeB.iconicC.cultureD.denotative您的答案：D外延7.TheSapir-WhorfHypothesisisabout萨.丕尔-沃尔夫假说A.languageandthoughtB.languageandtranslationC.culturalstructureD.secondlanguageacquisition您的答案：A8.Thefactthatalexicalitem一个词项mayundergoashiftinmeaningiscalled____inlinguistics.A.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaningC.meaning-shiftD.losingofmeaning您的答案：Cmeaning-shiftLanguagechangeis_________.continuous,regular,systematic,butnotuniversaluniversal,continuous,butnotregularandsystematicalwaysregularandsystematic,butnotuniversalandcontinuousuniversal,continuousand,toalargeextent,regularandsystematic您的答案：D宽泛的，连续的，在很大程度上，如期和系统的theageoftwo,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterancessuchas“mommysock”,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesitsfeatureThiskindofspeechiscalledcaretakertalk.Thiskindofspeechiscalledtelegraphicspeech.Therearecontentwordsinthespeech.Therearenotfunctionelementsinthespeech.您的答案：AThelanguagecharacteristicofpeopleofthesamesocialbackgroundiscalled__________.A.idolectB.genderspeechC.sociolectD.localdialect您的答案：C方言Themoststrikingdifferencebetweenthelanguageoftheoldandthatoftheyoungisfound______.inthewaytheyconstructsentencesinthewaytheyusebodylanguage您的答案：A13.AccordingtoFergusonnvestigation,’ithehighformofalanguageisusedinallthefollowingsituationsinadiglossiccountryEXCEPT____.A.universitylecturesB.newsbroadcastC.captiononpoliticalcartoonD.sermoninChurch您的答案：C政治漫画标题toSapir-WhorfHypothesis,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueDifferentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.Languagestructurepeoplehabituallyuseshowsnoinfluenceonpeople’sbehavior.Languagefilterspeople’sperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.D.Languagepatternsdetermineorinfluencepeople’sthinkingandbehavior.您的答案：B人们习惯性地使用语言结构对人们的行为没有影响。ofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisNOTtrueLanguageuseistintedwithitsculture.Therelationshipisanalogoustothatofstructuresandprocesses.Languageexpressesculturalreality.Therelationshipoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.您的答案：B这种关系近似于结构和过程的关系。culturethatisabstract,ambiguousandhiddenrefersto_____.A.spiritualcultureB.folkcultureC.theproductsofnatureD.whatisbornandgrows您的答案：A“Radar”isa/an______.A.blendingB.acronymC.clippingD.coinage您的答案：D钱币制度Thestudyofhowlanguageislearnediscalled_____.A.appliedlinguisticsB.languageacquisitionC.psycholinguisticsD.pragmatics您的答案：Bthefollowingtheories,whichhasnothingtodowithchildlanguageacquisitionA.Thecontextualistviews.B.Thebehavioristviews.C.Theinnatistviews.D.Theinterationistviews.您的答案：AAccordingtosomeinvestigations,allthefollowingcharacterizewomenspeakers’speechEXCEPT_______.theytendtousesuchwordsasawfully,terriblemoreoftenthanmentheytendtobemorecorrectintheirusagethanmentheytendtospeakmorequicklythanmentheytendtousequestiontagsmoreoftenthanmen您的答案：CWhatdescriptionisTRUEwithstandarddialectItisrelatedtosomeparticulargroupoflanguageusersinChina.Itisasociallyprestigiousdialectofalanguage,henceasociolect.Itisasuperimposedformaboveovertherangeofregionaldialect.Itismostcorrectinlinguisticformsamongallthelanguagevarietiestolinguists.您的答案：C这是一个叠加的形式以上的地域方言的范围。famousline“Myloveisared,redrose”stirsuptheimaginationofagbeautifulyounlady.Thisisthe____meaning.A.denotativeB.iconicC.connotativeD.cultural您的答案：B标志性的ThefollowingisthelanguageusedbytwospeakersAandB.A:Ididityesterday.B:Idoneityesterday.AandB’srelativesocialstatuscanroughlybeestimatedAndBhavecomefromdifferentregionsAandBdisplaydifferentlinguisticskillsandlinguisticcompetenceAandBhavelearneddifferentlanguagesatschool您的答案：A,B方的相对社会地位可以大概估计istruethatwordsmayshiftinmeaning,.semanticchange.Thesemanticchangeofthewordtailbelongto_____.narrowingofmeaningmeaningshiftwideningofmeaninglossofmeaning您的答案：C意义扩大Aslateasthefifteenandsixteenthcenturies,onecouldmerelyaddnotattheendofanaffirmativesentencetonegateit,asinILovetheenot.However,inmodernEnglish,peoplewillsay“Idonotloveyou.”Thisshowschangein_____.A.vocabularyB.agreementruleC.syntacticrelationsD.negationrule您的答案：D否定规则isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.A.AspeechcommunityB.AraceC.AsocietyD.Acountry您的答案：A语言社区VariationinlanguageuseisalsoassociatedwiththesexofindividualspeakersWhichofthefollowingtermdoesthisdefinitionfitforA.RegisterVariationB.GenderVariationC.EducationVariationD.AgeVariation您的答案：

BsociolinguisticconceptdoesthisfollowingsayingbelongtoIfwedon’tbeginstudyingforthefinal,awholesemester’sworkisgoingdownthetubes.A.SlangB.EuphemismC.TabooD.Ethnicdialect您的答案：A俚语ofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutBlackEnglishBlackEnglishhasitsownfeaturesatthesound,word,andsentencelevel.BlackEnglishisspokenbyasmallsectorofprivilegedblacks.BlackEnglishtendstoimpresspeopleasuneducatedandinferior.BlackEnglishisjustanothernon-standardvarietyofEnglish.您的答案：B黑人英语是由一个小部门的特权黑人所说的。Amongthefollowingtermsforthetypesoflanguage,whichisconsideredamoreneutralterms中立项A.StandardlanguageB.non-standardlanguageC.DialectsD.Speechvariety您的答案：D语言变体InHalliday’stermsregisterrefersto_______________________.thelanguageusedforacertainoccupationthetypeoflanguageselectedasappropriatetoatypeofsituationtheareaofoperationofthelanguageactivitythechannelofcommunicationselectedasappropriateforacertainsituation您的答案：B选定的语言种类为合适的一种情况_______varietyreferstospeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.A.RegionalB.SocialC.StylisticD.Idiolectal您的答案：A地域________inaperson’speech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativecontext.A.RegionalvariationB.SocialvariationC.StylisticvariationD.Idiolectalvariation您的答案：C语体二、TrueorFalse（每题分，总合分）reasonforFrench