上海市长宁区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）

长宁区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测试卷高三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.音频A.Atthedressshop.B.Atthebutcher’s.C.Atthehairdresser’s.D.Atthegrocerystore.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.音频A.Playtheviolin.B.Stayathome.C.Writeaposition.D.Attendtheconcert.【答案】D【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.音频A.$4.B.$31.C.$40.D.$69.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.音频A.Someonewitnessingacrime.B.Asalesmanoftheshop.C.Someonelookingfortherobber.D.Afriendofthewoman.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.音频A.Howtocontactthetravelagency.B.Whetherhersisterhasarrivedsafely.C.Wheretofindtheairlineinformation.D.Whyhersisterhasrescheduledsuddenly.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。6.音频A.Thesuitcasemightbetakenbymistake.B.Thesuitcasemightnotbeofgoodquality.C.Thesuitcasedoesnotlookidealinsize.D.Thesuitcaseseemsquitecheap-looking.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。7.音频A.ShehasneverbeentoParisbefore.B.SheknowsayoungmanwhocouldbehelpfulC.ShenremembersverylittleaboutParis.D.Shewouldliketotalkaboutitsomeothertime.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。8.音频A.Hecan’tshowthewomanthedirection.B.He’snowworkingintheprincipal’soffice.C.Hehasmetthewomansomewherebefore.D.Hewon'twaitforhisfriendattheentrance.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。9.音频A.Ithasbeengivenanewcolour.B.Helenhashaditcheckedrecently.C.Ithasbeentradedforanewone.D.Helenhasjustrenteditfromagarage.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。10.音频A.Tomhadbeenpreparingthepartyforlong.B.TomstoodoutinthejobinterviewinLondon.C.Tomshouldhavestayedathomefortheexam.D.Tomeventuallymanagedtoshowupattheparty.【答案】D【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音频11.A.OriginoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.B.ProcessofEnglishdictionarypublication.C.IntroductionofEnglishdictionaries.D.HistoryofWebsterDictionaryofEnglish12.A.Itsreliablesources.B.Itsvariousmeanings.C.Itswayofinvention.D.Itsfrequencyofuse.13.A.ToemphasizethefunctionofadictionaryB.Tointroducethemeaningofthephrase.C.ToillustratethedevelopmentoflanguageD.Torecordtheinventionofnewwords.【答案】11.C12.D13.C【解析】【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音频14.A.Bypicturingandaddingmaps.B.Bydrawingandmeasuringpoints.C.Bystoringanddevelopingimages.D.Byparingandmatchingfaceprints.15.A.BanksuseittoofferafastentryB.ItcanonlybeusedwithpermissionC.paniesuseitforsecurityD.Itcanbeusedtomeetcustomer'sneeds.16.A.FlexibleB.NeutralC.PositiveD.Critical【答案】14.D15.D16.C【解析】【14题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionarebasedonthefollowingpassage音频17.A.ItisnotimaginativeB.ItisnotpracticalC.ItisnottimesavingD.Itisnotlovesending.18.A.BygivingittosomeoneelseB.Byrefusingtoacceptit.C.BytradingitforagiftcardD.Byleavingitaside.19.A.Thewomanhasbeenconvinced.B.Themanisdirectandgrateful.C.ThemantrulylovessnowglobesD.Thewomanpicksgiftatrandom.20.A.PracticalsuggestionongiftgivingB.Differentopinionsongiftgiving.C.Easywaysofbuyingthoughtfulgifts.D.Happymomentsofgettinggifts.【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.B【解析】【17题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirection:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.PlantingPatriotismYoungboysarenoteasilyshocked,but12-year-oldPrestonSharpsureknowsthefeeling.“Yeah,Iwassurprisedandevendisappointed,”Prestonsaid,Preston’smom,AprilSharpsaid,“ItisthefirsttimeI___21___(see)himlikethisangryandpassionate.”Whatupsethersonsomuchwasvisitinghisgrandpa’sgraveinRedding,California,andrealizingthatnoteveryveteran(老兵)inthecemeteryhasaflag.SoApriltoldhim“son,___22___youaregoingtoplainaboutsomething,youhavetodosomethingaboutitorletitgo”NextthingAprilknew，Prestonwastakingonoddjobsandaskingfordonations___23___(buy)flagsandflowersforeveryveteraninhisgrandpa’scemetery.Andwhenthatcemetery___24___(cover),hemovedontoanother，andthenanother.Hereweare，nearlythreeyearsandabout65,000graveslater.Hedoesiteveryweek___25___theweatherislike,rainorshineespeciallyrain，”Theywereoutthereintheraindoingtheirjob,___26___(protect)us,”Prestonsaid.Hisdevotionisinfections.Whenwordgetsout___27___PrestonwillbeatacemeteryhehasaFacebookpage，PrestonSharp/VetflagsandFlowerspeople，likeVietnamveteranFredLoveland,feel___28___(oblige)tojoinin.”It’samazing.”Lovelandsaid.”Whathe’sdoingbrings___29___outbecausewecan’tbelieveayoungmaninthiscountryisdoingwhathedoes，”Itisamovementofyoungandold，ofthosewhoservedandthosewhoaresogratefulforwhattheydid，allledbyaproudgrandson____30____sawaninjusticeanddecidedtodosomethingaboutit.【答案】21.haveseen22.if/what/whenever23.tobuy24.wascovered/tecting27.that28.obliged29.us30.who/that【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己的儿子在拜访他的爷爷的坟墓后，自发打工、募捐去给每个老兵的墓地购置国旗和鲜花的故事。【21题详解】考查时态。句型：Itisthefirsttimethat…“这是某人第一次做某事”，从句谓语动词要求使用现在完成时。故填haveseen。【22题详解】考查从属连词。根据语境此处有三种翻译：“儿子，如果你要抱怨什么，你就得做点什么，否则你就放手。”“儿子，你要抱怨什么，你就得做点什么，否则你就放手。”“儿子，不管你是想抱怨什么，你必须做点什么，否则就放手。”故填if/what/whenever。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：阿普丽尔知道的下一件事是，普雷斯顿开始打零工，请求捐款为祖父墓地里的每一位老兵买国旗和鲜花。根据句意可知，此处应使用不定式表目的。故填tobuy。【24题详解】考查语态。句意：当那块墓地被覆盖了后，他又开始了另一个、另一个。根据语境可知，此处应使用被动语态，时态则可使用一般过去时或过去完成时（表示该动作发生在moved之前）。故填wascovered/hadbeencovered。【25题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他每周都这样，不管天气如何，无论下雨还是晴天——尤其是雨天也是如此。根据语境可知，此处为让步状语从句，修饰名词theweather，意为“无论什么天气”。故填whatever。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在雨中做他们的工作,保护我们。此处与主语they构成逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做状语。故填protecting。【27题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息说普雷斯顿会去墓地。此处为word的同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全，应使用关系代词that引导。故填that。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：觉得有必要加入进来。obliged“必须的，感激的，有责任的”。故填obliged。【29题详解】考查代词。句意：他在做什么让我们因为我们不能相信一个年轻人在这个国家做他所做的。根据句意可知，此处指“我们”，做bring的宾语。故填us。【30题详解】考查定语从句。此处修饰先行词aproudgrandson，关联词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。【点睛】whatever可以引导的两类从句：1.引导名词性从句（主要是引导主语从句和宾语从句），其意相当于anythingthat或everythingthat。如：Whatevershedidwasright.她做的一切都是对的。Hedoeswhateversheaskshimtodo.她要他做什么，他就做什么。Iwilljustsaywhateveresintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。2.引导让步状语从句，其意相当于nomatterwhat。如：Whateverhappens,don’tforgettowrite.无论怎样别忘了写信。Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。引导让步状语从句时，从句谓语有时可以用“may+动词原形”代替一般现在时。如：Keepcalm,whateverhappens[mayhappen].无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。Whateverreasonshegives[maygive],theycanonlybeexcuses.无论他提出什么理由，那只可能是借口。注意：1.有时还可省略状语从句中的动词be。如：He’llewhatevertheweather(is).无论天气如何，他都会来(yygrammar)。Thebuildingmustbesaved,whateverthecost(is).一定要挽救这座建筑，不管花多大代价。2.有时whatever用作形容词，在其后跟一个被修饰的名词。如：Iamwillingtopaywhateverpriceyouask.不管你要价多少，我都愿意付。Takewhatevermagazinesyouwanttoread.任何你想看的杂志都可以取阅。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox,Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Aurora(极光):wondersordisturbancesCanada，February2017:Istoodinthesnowonafrozenlake,watchingastheskytwistedinfrontofme.Greenbandsoflight___31___outinthedarkness.Slowlythecolourstwistedandbrokeandreappearedelsewhereuntil,suddenly,awholebandflowedandpulsedacrossthesky,___32___withdelicateyellow.pinksandpurples.Itwasasdramaticasthunderstorm,yetcalm.Gentle,yet___33___,Mostofall,itwasagift.ThiswasmyfifthauroratripandthefirsttimeIhadseenfastmovementsandbrightcolours.Thecalmgreenauroraldisplaysthatmanypeopleseearedrivenbya(n)_____34_____streamofparticles(微)fromcalledthesolarwind.Butwhenthesunthrowsusextrahotfastparticles,thisprocessgoesoverdrive-wegetmuchmoremovementandcolour.Itisglorious!Aurora-spotterslongforitButforsome,thewildmovementsoftheheavenscanhaveserious___35___Satellites'electronicsareaffectedordamagedbyiningfastparticlies,___36___industriesthatrelyonthem.Flightsmayneedtochangecoursetoavoidradio___37___aroundthepoles,ortoprotectaircrewfromenhancedradiationexposure.Duringasolarstorm，aircrewmayreceivetheirannualradiationlimitoverasingleflight.Stormyspaceweatheraffectsusontheground，too.Alargerstormin1989causeda10-hourelectricalblackoutoverCanada'sQuebecProvince,costingtheeconomya(n)____38____C$10billion.DisturbanceoftheatmospherecausesproblemswithradiobroadcastandGPS.InSeptember2017,ahugesolarfame_____39_____justasHurricanelranhittheCaribbean.TheresultantHFradioblackouthelduptheemergencyresponse.Meanwhile，beautifulauroradisplayswereseeninEngland.Placeitsbeautyaside，then,andtheauroral_____40_____isnothingotherthanagiantplanetarydisturbance,moreofaworrythanawonderforsomepeople.YetseldomdosuchdisturbanceshavesuchfascinatingsideeffectsasthatoftheauroradancingacrossourArcticskies.【答案】31.J32.B33.A34.E35.D36.K37.C38.F39.G40.I【解析】本文为介绍说明文。文章描述了极光的奇幻变化，介绍了极光产生的原因及对人类造成的各种影响。【31题详解】句意：绿色的光带在黑暗中伸展开来。J.stretched“伸展，张开”。故J选项正确。【32题详解】句意：慢慢地，色彩扭曲、断裂，又重新出现在别的地方，直到突然间，一条完整的光带在天空中流动、脉动，周围点缀着淡黄、粉红和紫色。B.bordered“在……上镶边”。故B选项正确。【33题详解】句意：温柔，却又令人惊讶。A.astonishing“惊人的，令人惊讶的”。故A选项正确。【34题详解】句意：许多人看到的平静的绿色极光是由一种叫做太阳风的粒子流驱动的。E.constant“不变的，恒定的，经常的”。故E选项正确。【35题详解】句意：但对一些人来说，天空的剧烈运动可能会带来严重的后果。D.consequences“结果”。故D选项正确。【36题详解】句意：卫星的电子设备会受到入射的快速粒子的影响或损坏，扰乱依赖它们的工业。K.upsetting“使心烦，颠覆，扰乱”。故K选项正确。【37题详解】句意：飞行可能需要改变航线，以避免两极附近的无线电信号中断，或保护机组人员免受更强的辐射。C.blackouts“灯火管制，停电”。故C选项正确。【38题详解】句意：一场更大的风暴在加拿大魁北克省造成了长达10小时的停电，估计造成了100亿加元的经济损失。F.estimated“估计的，预计的，估算的”。故F选项正确。【39题详解】句意：2017年9月，一场巨大的太阳爆炸，就像飓风登陆加勒比海一样。G.exploded“爆炸”。故G选项正确。【40题详解】句意：极光过程只不过是一个巨大的行星扰动。I.process“过程”。故I选项正确。Ill.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandDFillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtomans.Buttheyconstantlyastonishresearcherswith____41____behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand____42____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamilymemberswhothenaren'tfreetobreedthemselves.Anewstudyfurther____43____themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablemunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones____44____thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothermunitymembers.Inplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherfor___45___protection,researchershaveeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsforselflessbehavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmore___46___explanationOnepossibilityisthatanindividualpractices___47___asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By___48___thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may___49___prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior___50___thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof___51___partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay”model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)___52___.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the___53___appearedtobetrueAnthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewithababybeggingforataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime.”Ourresultsshowthathelpinginmonmarmosetsisnotdrivenbyreputationmanagementor___54___avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreportedRather,itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore___55___expressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.”41.A.animalB.carefulC.socialD.individual42.A.evolvingB.municatingC.organizingD.parenting43.A.shinesB.damagesC.affectsD.protests44.A.atplayB.inprivateC.onscheduleD.byaccident45.A.adequateB.effectiveC.continualD.mutual46.A.creativeB.plexC.specificD.official47.A.generosityB.wisdomC.independenceD.governance48.A.promisingB.demonstratingC.pretendingD.explaining49.A.countonB.goafterC.appealtoD.benefitfrom50.A.assumesB.confirmsC.enhancesD.concludes51.A.regularB.dominantC.potentialD.previous52.A.atmosphereB.audienceC.feedbackD.judge53.A.statisticsB.expectationC.argumentD.opposite54.A.responsibilityB.punishmentC.arrangementD.difficulty55.A.stronglyB.causallyC.delicatelyD.fearlessly【答案】41.C42.D43.A44.B45.D46.C47.A48.B49.C50.A51.C52.B53.D54.B55.A【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了科研人员对狨猴的研究发现。它们不断地以看似高度进化的行为让研究人员大吃一惊。【41题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.animal动物的；B.careful仔细的；C.social社会的；D.individual个人的。句意：但它们不断地以高度进化的社会行为让研究人员大吃一惊。故C选项正确。【42题详解】考查动词辨析。A.evolving进化,展开；B.municating交流；C.organizing组织；D.parenting抚养。句意：他们的社会组织和为人父母的做法可以成为“一个村庄”的模式。故D选项正确。【43题详解】考查动词辨析。A.shines照耀，显露；B.damages损坏；C.affects影响；D.protests抗议。句意：一项新的研究进一步彰显了狨猴令人钦佩的社会价值观。故A选项正确。【44题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.atplay在起作用；B.inprivate私底下；C.onschedule按计划；D.byaccident偶然。句意：研究人员报告说，这些看护人在私下里与孩子分享食物时，比在其他社区成员的注视下更慷慨。。故B选项正确。【45题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.adequate充足的；B.effective有效的；C.continual持续的；D.mutual共同的，相互的。句意：在复杂的社会中，人们为了相互保护而团结在一起，研究人员为无私的行为提出了一些被广泛接受的解释。故D选项正确。【46题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.creative创新的；B.plex复杂的；C.specific特定的；D.official官方的。句意：具体的行为，比如与一只乞讨的小狨猴分享美味的蟋蟀，似乎需要更具体的解释。故C选项正确。【47题详解】考查名词辨析。A.generosity慷慨，大方；B.wisdom智慧；C.independence独立；D.governance管理。句意：一种可能性是，一个人通过慷慨大方来提高自己在同龄人中的地位。故A选项正确。【48题详解】考查动词辨析。A.promising许诺；B.demonstrating证明，展示；C.pretending假装；D.explaining解释。句意：通过展示他在物质方面的天赋，他可以分享一些东西，这可以增强他在团队中的力量。故B选项正确。【49题详解】考查动词辨析。A.counton指望；B.goafter追求；C.appealto吸引；D.benefitfrom受益于。句意：这反过来可能会吸引未来的伴侣。故C选项正确。【50题详解】考查动词辨析。A.assumes假定，设想；B.confirms证实；C.enhances提高；D.concludes总结。句意：对慈善行为的另一种解释设想是，对他人的善意只是团体成员的费用，这为未来提供了一些交配的机会。故A选项正确。【51题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.regular常规的；B.dominant支配的；C.potential潜在的；D.previous先前的。句意：不分享会导致被排斥在群体之外，失去潜在的伙伴。故C选项正确。【52题详解】考查名词辨析。A.atmosphere氛围；B.audience观众；C.feedback反馈；D.judge法官。句意：重要的是，要使这两种模式奏效，善举必须有观众。故B选项正确。【53题详解】考查名词辨析。A.statistics统计；B.expectation期望；C.argument论点；D.opposite。句意：然而，在对31只成年狨猴和14只幼狨猴进行的2581项测试中，结果似乎正好相反。故D选项正确。【54题详解】考查名词辨析。A.responsibility责任；B.punishment惩罚；C.arrangement安排；D.difficulty困难。句意：我们的研究结果表明，帮助普通狨猴并不是由声誉管理或逃避惩罚来驱动的。故B选项正确。【55题详解】考查副词辨析。A.strongly强烈地；B.causally有原因地；C.delicately精致地；D.fearlessly勇敢地。句意：相反，它是由一种帮助他人的深层动机驱动的，这种动机在与年轻人独处时表现得更为强烈。故A选项正确。【点睛】完型填空是测试考生英语水平的最重要的题型之一，也是得分率较低的题型之一。完形填空着重考查对文章的整体理解和词汇意义，包括惯用法。多数题要求考生以语篇为线索，对文章进行通篇理解，正确把握上下文语境的逻辑关系。在解题的时候，我们一定要根据前后词语的相互关系，联系上下文，有时要结合常识，才能确定正确的选项。如第1小题，根据下文Theirsocialorganizationand____2____practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”可知，此处指“但它们不断地以高度进化的社会行为让研究人员大吃一惊”。由此可知，正确答案。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheInformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whattoendurebeforepublication?Ittakesalottowriteanovel.Eventhosewhohaven’ttriedwouldsay,“Well,duh!”tothis.Butit’snotmuchthemindspaceortheconsiderabletimeittakestowriteanovelthatisasdiscouragingashowmanytimesanywritermustgobacktothedrawingboardforyetanotherdraft.Toreallyreadyanovelforpublication,awritermustspendtimewithhisorherbook.Likeanypromisingrelationship,you,thewriter,mustdateyournovel,takeitouttodinner,meetitsparents,andseeitthroughitsmosttryinganddesperatetimes.Asawriter,youhavetostayupallnightwithyournovelcryingandtalkingandsometimesevenpullingyourhairoutbeforethatperfectmomentofinspirationcantrulyhelpyoucrossthefinishline.FormanypublishedauthorsIknow,myselfincluded,apletednoveltakesthemabout10,that’sright,10drafts,andatleastayearofrealediting.Willyoubespendingeverysinglesecondeditingyournovel?No,ofcoursenot.Justasdraftsneedsomerealtimeonthesurgerytable,theyalsoneedrestintherecoveryroom.Youdon’tnursearelationshipbyspendingeverywakingsecondwiththemuntilyoucan’tstandthesightofeachother,andyoucan’tproduceanovelbybreathingdownitsliteraryneck.However,anovelshouldundergomanydraftsanddifferentkindsofdrafts—beforedeclaringitreadyforanagentoreditortosee.Everyonehastheirownwaytowriteanovel,andnotallcraftadvice(orevencraft“rules”)shouldallbefollowedbyeveryone,butwhenitestothemanydraftsofanovel,therearespecificthingsawritershouldfocusonduringeachrevisiontohelpcreateasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.56.Peoplearediscouragedfromwritinganovelmainlybecauseitrequires_____.A.agoodpublisherB.toomuchthinkingC.tonsofworkingtimeD.frequentrevisions57.Whatdowritersdointhecourseofcreatinganovel?A.Theyspendeveryminutewiththenovel.B.Theytreatthenovelasalover.C.Theygooutwithsomereadersfordinner.D.Theyhurtthemselvestostayawake.58.By“breathingdownitsliteraryneck”inParagraph2,theauthormostprobablymeans_____.A.writingcasuallythusfailingtotakereaders’breathawayB.lettinggoasinglemistakethusannoyingthereadersC.X-rayingtheworkthusfindingeachliterarymistakeD.stickingtooclosetotheworkthuscausinganxiety59.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoeafterthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofusingpropertransitionalwordsinwriting.B.Thewritingexperiencesharedbyfamoussuccessfulwrite.C.Tipsonhowtomaketendraftstopleteagoodnovel.D.Setbackswritersmaysufferifignoringthecraftadvice.【答案】56.D57.B58.D59.C【解析】本文为介绍说明文。写小说要花很多时间，一部小说在出版前，需要进行不断的修改再修改。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Butit’snotmuchthemindspaceortheconsiderabletimeittakestowriteanovelthatisasdiscouragingashowmanytimesanywritermustgobacktothedrawingboardforyetanotherdraft.（但是，写一部小说所花费的时间和精神空间并没有多大的差别，因为任何一个作家要想再写一篇小说，有多少次不得不回到草稿板上重新开始写作，这就会让人沮丧。）可知，人们不愿写小说，主要是因为它需要频繁的修改。故D选项正确。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Likeanypromisingrelationship,you,thewriter,mustdateyournovel,takeitouttodinner,meetitsparents,andseeitthroughitsmosttryinganddesperatetimes.（就像任何一段有前途的恋情一样，作为作家，你必须和你的小说约会，带它出去吃晚饭，见它的父母，经历它最艰难和绝望的时刻。）可知，作家在创作小说的过程中会把自己的小说当作情人一样对待。故B选项正确。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Youdon’tnursearelationshipbyspendingeverywakingsecondwiththemuntilyoucan’tstandthesightofeachother（你不会把醒着的每一秒钟都花在他们身上，直到你无法忍受对方的存在）可推知，写小说也是这样，通过死死盯着的方式会让人产生厌烦的情绪。故D选项正确。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的therearespecificthingsawritershouldfocusonduringeachrevisiontohelpcreateasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.（在每次修改的过程中，作者都应该关注一些具体的事情，以帮助创建从最初想法到最终产品的平稳过渡。）可推知，接下来极可能会谈论一些关于如何通过打草稿来完成一部好小说的建议。故C选项正确。(B)TopSixMostChallengedBooksin2017OfficeforIntellectualFreedom(OIF)intheStatestracked354challenges(formalattemptstoremoveorrestrictaccesstolibrarymaterialsandservices)tolibrary,school,anduniversitymaterialsandservicesin2017.Someindividualchallengesresultedinrequeststorestrictorremovemultipletitles.Overall,416booksweretargeted.Herearethe"TopSixMostChallengedBooksin2017”.1ThirteenReasonsWhyByJayAsherOriginallypublishedin2007.thisNewYorkTimesbestsellerhasresurfacedasadebatablebookafterNetflixairedaTVseriesbythesamename.Thisyoungadultnovelwaschallengedandbannedinmultipleschooldistricts,foritdiscussesself-killing.4GEORGEByAlexGinoWrittenforelementary-agechildren,thisLambdaLiteraryAwardwinnerwaschallengedandbannedbecauseitincludesatransgenderchild.2DramaWrittenandillustratedByRainaTelgemeierThisStonewallHonorAward-winning,2012graphicnovelfromamuch-admiredcartoonistwaschallengedandbannedinschoollibrariesbecauseitincludesconfusedsexualorientationcharactersandwasconsidered"confusing.”5ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLeeThisPulitzerPrize-winningnovel,consideredanAmericaclassical,waschallengedandbannedbecauseofviolenceanditsuseoftheN-wordtoinsultblackpeople.3TheKiteRunnerByKhaledHosseiniThismultigenerationalnovelpraisedbymanycriticswaschallengedandbannedbecauseitincludessexualviolenceandwasthoughtto"leadto'terrorism"and"promoteIsIam.”6TheHateUGiveByAngieThomasDespitewinningmultipleawardsandbeingthemostsearched-forbookonGoodreadsduringitsdebut(首秀)year,thisyoungadultnovelwaschallengedandbannedinschoollibrariesandcurricularbecauseofdruguseandoffensivelanguage.60.Thesesixmostchallengedbooksareall________A.prizewinnersorwellreceivedbythepublicB.writtenforcuriousyoungadultsinschoolsC.bannedandchallengedinnationwidelibrariesD.involvedwithviolenceandaggressivelanguage61.Whichofthefollowingwouldberemovedfromschoollibrariestoavoidmisleadingkidsintoracialism?A.TheHateUGiveB.ToKillaMockingbirdC.TheKiteRunnerD.ThirteenReasonsWay62.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatintheStates_______A.OIFisresponsibleforthechallengesreportedfromlocalschoolsanduniversitiesB.thegovernmentischallengedbyintellectualfreedominpublicmaterialsandservicesC.issueslikementalillness,druguseandsexeducationreallyconcernthegovernmentD.bestsellersandprizewinnersareoftenquestionedandrejectedbythepublic【答案】60.A61.B62.C【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。美国知识自由办公室(OIF)对2017年图书馆、和大学材料和服务的354项挑战进行了跟踪调查，推选出“2017年最具挑战性的六本书”。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中对“2017年最具挑战性的六本书”的介绍可知，这六本书都是获奖或深受市民欢迎的书籍。故A选项正确。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第5部分ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLee中的waschallengedandbannedbecauseofviolenceanditsuseoftheN-wordtoinsultblackpeople.（因为暴力和使用黑鬼一词侮辱黑人而受到挑战和禁止）可知，为避免误导孩子们接受种族歧视，ToKillaMockingbird将会从图书馆中移除。故B选项正确。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中对“2017年最具挑战性的六本书”遭到禁止的原因描述可知，这些书被禁止是因为含有自杀、性别定向、性暴力、毒品、种族歧视等内容，由此可知，美国政府关注精神疾病、吸毒和性教育等问题。故C选项正确。【点睛】阅读理解所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题干和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干，标出关键词（组），带着问题去阅读，能够做到心中有数，目的明确；然后再仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握细节信息，并在标出能得出答案的有效信息。如第1小题Thesesixmostchallengedbooksareall______，要求读者判定这六本书的共同点是什么。根据文章中对“2017年最具挑战性的六本书”的介绍ThirteenReasonsWhyByJayAsher部分中的Originallypublishedin2007,thisNewYorkTimesbestseller…；DramaWrittenandillustratedByRainaTelgemeier部分中的ThisStonewallHonorAward-winning,2012graphicnovelfromamuch-admiredcartoonist…；TheKiteRunnerByKhaledHosseini部分中的Thismultigenerationalnovelpraisedbymanycritics…;GEORGEByAlexGino部分中的thisLambdaLiteraryAwardwinnerwaschallenged…；ToKillaMockingbirdByHarperLee部分中的ThisPulitzerPrize-winningnovel；TheHateUGiveByAngieThomas部分中的Despitewinningmultipleawardsandbeingthemostsearched-forbookonGoodreadsduringitsdebut(首秀)year,可知，这六本书都是获奖或深受市民欢迎的书籍。做阅读理解题时，一定要细心，这样才能准确找到正确答案。(C)Theterm‘darktourism’isfarnewerthanthepractice,whichlongpredatesPompeii'semergenceasadarkattraction.DrPhilipStone,perhapstheworld'sleadingacademicexpertondarktourism,considerstheRomanColosseumtobeoneoffirstdarktouristsites,wherepeopletravelledlongdistancestowatchdeathassport.Later,untilthelate18"century,theappealwascruelerstillincentralLondon,wherepeoplepaidmoneytositingrandstandstowatchmasshangings.Dealerswouldsellpiesatthesite,whichwasroughlywhereMarbleArchstandstoday.Itwasonlyin1996that‘darktourism'enteredthescholarlyvocabularywhentwoacademicsinGlasgowapplieditwhilelookingatsitesassociatedwiththemurderofJohnF.Kennedy.Thosewhostudydarktourismidentifyplentyofreasonsforthegrowingphenomenon,includingraisedawarenessofitasanidentifiablething.Accesstositeshasalsoimprovedwiththearrivalofcheapairtravel.It'shardtoimaginethattheAuschwitz-BirkenaumemorialandmuseumwouldnowwelemarethantwomillionvisitorsayearwereitnotforitsnearnesstoKrakow'sinternationalairport.PeterHohenhaus,awidelytravelleddarktouristbasedinVienna,alsopointstothebroaderriseinoff-the-beatentracktourism,beyondtheterritoryofpopularguidebooksandTripAdvisorrankings.‘Alotofpeopledon'twantmainstreamtourismandthatoftenmeansengagingwithplacesthathaveamorerecenthistorythan,say,aRomanruin."hesays."YougotoSarajevoandmostpeoplerememberthewarbeinginthenewssoiffeelsclosertoone’sowebiography(传记)”Hohenhausisalsoafanof‘beautyindecay’,thecontemporaryculturalmovementinwhichurbanruinshavebeesubjectmatterforexpensivecoffee-tablebooksandathousandlnstagram(照片墙)accounts.Thecrossoverwithdeathisclear.“Ihavealwaysbeendrawntoruine