高中英语外研版GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsof

珙县第一高级中学校

周萍2019年5月23日Lookthephotos

Whereisit？

Whatcanyousee?ReadingphilosophersofAncientChinaModule5Philosophy

is

thestudyofthenatureandmeaningoftheuniverseandofhumanlife.(OxfordDictionary)Philosophy

isthestudyorcreationoftheoriesaboutbasicthingssuchasthenatureofexistence,knowledge,andthought,orabouthowpeopleshouldlive.

(CollinsDictionary)Whatisphilosophy?Whatisphilosopher?ApersonwhostudiesorwritesaboutphilosophyApersonwhothinksdeeplyaboutthings

AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother,butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.

Guessinggamewhoarethey?Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoungandhismotherworkedhardtobringuptheboy.Shemovedthreetimesforbetterneighborhoodsothathersoncouldbeinfluencedbygoodpeople.Hewasagreatthinkerwhohad3,000students,ofwhom72wereinfluential.Hewassogoodatprotectingacityorastatefromenemiesthattherecameanidiomcalled"墨守成规".MengziConfuciusMoziConfuciusMoziMenciusPhilosophersofAncientChina[kən‘fju:ʃəs][menʃiəs]Pre-readingReadphilosophersofAncientChinaandmatchthewordswiththedefinitions.orderbringupfound(v)principlebeliefanideathatinfluencesthewayyoubehave________principle2.tostartanorganizationorphilosophy______3.thefeelingthatsomethingistrueandexists______4.whenpeopleobeylawsandrulesanddonotcausetrouble______5.tolookafterchildrenuntiltheyareadults_______foundbelieforderbringuporderbringupfound(v)principlebelief

What’smainideaofthepassage?

A.Theauthorwantstomakepeoplebelieveintheteachingsbythinkersofancient.B.TheauthorwantstointroducethreeinfluentialphilosophersofancientChina.C.TheauthorwantstotellinterestingstoriesaboutthreeimportantteachersinancientChina.D.TheauthorwantstoshowthehistoryofphilosophyinancientChina.Makefulluseofthetitle!!!SkimmingReadthepassageagain.Choosethecorrectanswers.1.TheChinesepeople___forover2,000years.A.followedConfucius’steachingsB.followedMencius’steachingsA2.Menciusbelievedthatpeopleare___importantthanrulers.A.lessB.more3.Mohismbegan_____.A.476BCB.byMoziBB4.Mozididnotagreewith_____.A.kindnessB.war5.Menciushadimportantgovernmentpositions,______.A.butMozididnotB.andsodidMoziBA6.Confuciusstressedtheimportanceofthefollowingaspectsexcept_____.A.kindnessB.friendshipC.orderD.duty7.“Ifthegovernmentwaskind,thenpeoplewouldbegood.”istheteachingof______.A.MenciusB.ConfuciusC.MoziD.XunziBA8.Whichshowstherightorderoftimewhenthethreegreatthinkerslived?A.Confucius–Mencius–MoziB.Mencius–Mozi–ConfuciusC.Confucius–Mozi–MenciusD.Mozi–Mencius–ConfuciusTrueorFalse.1.StateswereoftenatpeacewitheachotherinancientChina.2.Confucius’ideashavethegreatestinfluenceonChina.3.Menciusresignedfromthegovernment,becausethefirstrulerdidn’trespecthim.FwarTFfollowhisadvice4.MenciusspentallhislifepreparingabookofhisteachingscalledTheBookofMencius.5.Mozi’sbeliefswerethesameasthoseofConfucius.6.Menciusistheoldestamongthethree.FhislastyearsF

similartoFConfucius

Howtodescribeaphilosopher?TheauthorwantstointroducethreeinfluentialphilosophersofancientChina.AphilosopherLivingtimejobimportantideasachievement/influencebookDetailreading

ConfuciuskindnessdutyorderinfluencedwasbornindiedMencius372BCbroughtuppositiongovernment

resignedgood

PeopleMenciusprinciplesofConfuciusrulersbadlyMozi476BC

GovernmentequalhumanbeingswarMohismPost-readingFindthewordsandphrasesinthepassagethatmatchthesedefinitions.1.gavealotofimportanceto_______2.job_______3.doingwhathesuggested_______________________stressedpositionfollowingsomeone’sadvice4.tellyouremployerthatyouaregoingtoleaveyourjob______5.someonewhogivesadvice________6.havingalotofinfluence__________resignadviserinfluentialWhyshouldwelearnaboutthephilosophersofancientChina?《珙州城十子桥品读》（节选）

作者：洁流先生（家父，83岁）

第一座是晏子桥，因晏子治国外交著名，可简说为“谋”，治国之谋，外交之谋。晏子富有谋略，来源于他的爱国忧民，刚正不阿，睿智而干练。第二座是荀子桥，因荀子主张人性有恶，重视后天人为努力，劝导人们好学，认真修养，可简说为“学”。他的一系列论说精辟透彻，形象生动，影响深远。

(weshouldloveallhumanbeings)第三座是墨子桥，因墨子鲜明的“兼爱非攻”思想，可简说为“爱”。他还热衷于科学发明，皆出于一种人性的爱，他为护卫这种爱而奔波不息。第四座是庄子桥，因庄子的“天人合一”思想，可简说为“天”。这个“天”可看做宇宙，大自然，客观规律。人逍遥其间，可与万物浑然而为一体。第五座是孙子桥，因孙子兵法最为著名，可简说为“兵”。这个“兵”是“国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察”，没有“兵”，无以保家卫国。第六座是管子桥，因管子是“春秋第一相”，最善于治理国家，可简说为“治”。他兼有思想家、政治家、经济学家、军事家身份，为后人景仰。第七座是韩非子桥，因韩非子主张法治，可简说为“法”。“法”古字为“灋”，是法治的形象表达，即水般平等，廌(zhì独角神兽)般严明，务必除去污浊。

(

Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated)第八座是孔子桥，因孔子的核心思想是“仁、礼”，可简说为“礼”。“礼”繁体为“禮”，可以等同或看作为“礼法”、“国法”、“信仰”、“治国之本”。

(Thefamilyisimportant.Wearemembersofagroup)第九座是孟子桥，因孟子发扬孔子思想，主张“仁政”，可简说为“仁”。“王道仁政”，“民贵君轻”，“仁者爱人”，这是他倡导的国家安定的根基。(Peoplearemoreimportantthanrulers)第十座是老子桥，因老子的《道德经》著名，可以简说为“道”。他主张道法自然，无为而治，欣赏“上善若水”，朴素的辩证法，开启了我国哲学的先河。

只见十子们高视阔步地向前走，一路走一路闪耀他们的思想光芒，播撒他们的思想种子，华夏大地便布满生机，结出硕果。他们走过辉煌大一统的秦汉，走过欧亚帝国的隋唐，走过清平繁盛的宋元，走过多姿多彩的明清，走过风起云涌的近代民国，走到国富民强的新中国今天，他们的思