2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北师范大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北师范大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.问题1选项A.witnessB.certificationC.identityD.evidence2.单选题Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,（）you?问题1选项A.can’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.won’t3.填空题

bully

democracy

destiny

loyal

renowned

Churchillbelievedthathewas（1）toleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWarIandledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWarII.Itseemsironicthataleaderofsuch（2）asChurchillcouldnotcountonthe（3）ofvotersin1945.However,ina（4）country,electorscannotbe（5）,andhehadtotoleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andoncemoretohiscountryretreat,Chartwell.4.单选题（）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.问题1选项A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch5.单选题Mendifferfromanimals（）theycanthinkandspeak.问题1选项A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich6.单选题Itmaybenecessarytostop（）inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.问题1选项A.atadistanceB.atintervalsC.atcaseD.atlength7.翻译题顾客对产品和服务有不同的价值观。有的顾客要求价格低，购物方便；有的顾客对价格并不太在意，他们要求产品必须是最新款式，在市场上代表最先进的技术；还有的顾客要求产品或服务能满足他们特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成为领先市场的首脑公司并保持其竞争优势，就必须根据自身的条件集中在某个方面做出突出的表现，或者以低成本取胜，或者以最新名优产品取胜，或者以与特殊的顾客群建立紧密的关系取胜。8.单选题Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.Asrecentlyas1910,thiswastheprevailingconditionintheUnitedStates.Ifhecamefromanonliteratebackground,therecentimmigrantlearnedtospeak,move,andthinklikeanAmericanbyusinghiseyesandearsonthelaborlineandinthehomesofmoreacculturatedcousins,bywatchingschoolchildren,orbyabsorbingthestandardsoftheteacher,theforeman,theclerkwhoservedhiminthestore.Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.Andatasimplerlevel,thereweretheWesternandHollywoodfairytaleswhichpointedamoralbutdidnot,asarule,teachtablemanners.WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin,theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.Doctoredlifehistories,posedcarelessness,“candid”shotsofpeopleintheirownhomeswhichtookhourstoarrange,picturesshotfromreallifetoscriptswrittenmonthsbeforesupplementedbynationalpollsandsurveyswhichassuredthereaderthatthisbobbysoxerdidindeedrepresentanationalnormoragrowingtrend—replacedtheoldermodels.1.Thisarticleisbasedontheideathat（）.2.Storiesofthesecondgenerationbattlingagainstthelimitationsofthefirstwereoftenresponsiblefor（）.3.ThecountermovementagainstHollywoodwasamovement（）.4.Theauthorattributesthechangeinattitudessince1910to（）.5.Theword“distortions”attheendofthe1stsentenceinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.问题1选项A.peopletodaynolongerfollowmodelsB.peopleattachlittleimportancetowhoevertheyfollowC.peoplegenerallypatterntheirlivesaftermodelsD.peoplenolongerrespectheroes问题2选项A.inspiringliterateimmigrantsB.frustratingeducatedimmigrantsC.preventingtheassimilationofimmigrantsD.instillingintoimmigrantsanantagonisticattitudetowardtheirforebears问题3选项A.towardrealismB.towardfantasyC.againsttheteachingofmoralsD.awayfromrealism问题4选项A.alogicalevolutionofideasB.widespreadmoraldecayC.theinfluenceofthepressD.aphilosophyofplenty问题5选项A.presentationsB.misinterpretationsC.influencesD.limitations9.翻译题我国先秦思想家就提出了“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”的思想，反映了自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平、同各国人民友好相处。今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更需要有一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。我国的对外政策，是以和平为宗旨的。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则，特别是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉内政的原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。我们绝不会把自己曾经遭受欺凌的苦难加之于人。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。将来中国富强起来了，也永远不称霸。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。

10.单选题In1938PearlS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwoman（）theNobelPrizeforLiterature.问题1选项A.receivingB.receivedC.whoreceivesD.toreceive11.单选题Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?问题1选项A.didn’titB.doesn’tthereC.usedn’titD.didn’tthere12.单选题

Indiaisacountrywhosepopulation（）thatofChina.问题1选项A.isfirstexceptB.hassecondplacetoC.issecondonlytoD.comesecondfollowing13.单选题Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Line6,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（）.4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（）”.5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.问题1选项A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocarsB.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocarsC.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyearD.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar问题2选项A.inadequatefeedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogramB.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorotherC.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline14.单选题Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationisersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.问题1选项A.Theythinktheyareinsane.B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed.C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.问题2选项A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoodsB.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterialsC.walkingonartificialfloorcoveringsD.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer问题3选项A.nearapoundwithawaterpumpB.closetoaslow-flowingriverC.highinsomebarrenmountainsD.byarotatingwatersprinkler问题4选项A.Ionisers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuumpumps.问题5选项A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismographyB.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrustedC.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliableD.earthquake15.翻译题Leadersknowthatthentherearetwoopinionsonanissue,oneisnotboundtobewrong.Theyrecognizethathustleandrusharethealliesofsuperficiality.Theyareopentonewideas,buttheyexploretheirramificationsthoroughly.Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.16.单选题（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.问题1选项A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch17.单选题Bobisso（）tohisappearancethatheneverhashisclothespressedorhisshoesshined.问题1选项A.hardyB.intenseC.indifferentD.bewildered18.单选题Thereisno（）evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.问题1选项A.rigidB.solidC.smoothD.harsh19.单选题Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.问题1选项A.induceB.deduceC.reduceD.seduce20.单选题（）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.问题1选项A.ExcessiveB.ExtensiveC.ExtremeD.Exclusive21.单选题（）theopportunity,hemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.问题1选项A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Beinggiven22.单选题Ifit（）toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupofcoffee.问题1选项A.hadn’tbeenB.isn’tC.weren’tD.maynotbe23.单选题Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid（）.问题1选项A.frombeingbeatenB.beingbeatenC.beatingD.tobebeaten24.单选题Lyinghereinthesunisaverypleasantwayto（）theafternoon.问题1选项A.giveawayB.passawayC.whileawayD.fadeaway25.单选题Researchshowsthatthereisno（）relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.问题1选项A.successiveB.subsequentC.significantD.sincere第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项witness“证人”；B选项certification“证明”；C选项identity“身份”；D选项evidence“证据”。句意：已经有明确的证据表明，动植物正受到气候变化的影响。本句表示明确的证据，因此D选项正确。2.【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：吃点水果，好吗？前半部分是表示邀请、提供对对方有益的行为等的祈使句时，反问一般用will，上文为肯定语气，故反问部分用否定形式won’t。因此D选项正确。3.【答案】1.destined2.renown3.loyalty4.democratic5.bullied【解析】1.句意：丘吉尔相信他注定要领导他的国家。此处应用被动语态，因此填destined。2.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人。此处应用名词形式，因此填renown。3.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人却不能指望选民的忠诚。此处应用名词形式，因此填loyalty。4.句意：在一个民主国家。此处应用形容词形式，因此填democratic。5.句意：选举人是不能被欺负的。此处应用被动语态，因此填bullied。4.【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然他周末很想和朋友们出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此B选项正确。5.【答案】C【解析】考查原因状语从句。A选项forwhich和D选项inwhich引导的是定语从句，排除A，D；B选项forthat不能引导从句，排除B。C选项inthat意思是“因为”，引导原因状语从句。句意：人不同于动物，因为人会思考和说话。因此C选项正确。6.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项atadistance“在远处”；B选项atintervals“不时”；C选项atcase“在……领域”；D选项atlength“终于”。句意：在学习过程中，可能有必要每隔一段时间就停下来回顾一下课程中的难点。本句表示每隔一段时间，因此B选项正确。7.【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.8.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.（在我们有记录的大多数人类文明中，青年都以艺术或生活为范本，计划模仿在皮影戏屏幕或舞台上演出的史诗中描绘的英雄，或那些有名的人类、父辈或祖辈、酋长或工匠，他们的每一个特征都可以研究和模仿。），说明有史以来年轻人都会将各种各样的人作为偶像来模仿，整篇文章都是围绕着这个观点展开论述的。因此C选项“人们通常会模仿偶像的生活”正确。A选项“今天的人们不再模仿偶像”，由原文可知，现在这还是美国的普遍情况，所以A错误。B选项“人们对模仿的人都不重视”，D选项“人们不再尊重英雄”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段倒数第二句Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.（对于努士人的文人和文人子女来说，有艺术的故事——在大草原城镇失意的艺术家的故事，第二代人与第一代人的局限性斗争的故事。），说第二代移民艺术家努力克服父辈缺陷的故事是用来激励移民变得有文化。因此A选项“激励有文化的移民”正确。B选项“使受过教育的移民感到失望”，C选项“防止移民的同化问题”，D选项“向移民灌输对其祖先的敌视态度”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着《时代-生活-财富》式的报道，以及《纽约客》用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情——在对无产阶级一无所知的中产阶级作家和需要真实性冲击的中产阶级读者中，这是无产阶级艺术的必要替代物——美国生活迎来了一个新的时代。），说明在反对好莱坞的运动中，真实的现实生活被呈现出来，开启了美国的新时代。因此A选项“走向现实主义”正确。B选项“走向幻想”，C选项“违背道德教育”，D选项“脱离现实主义”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着《时代-生活-财富》式的报道，以及《纽约客》用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情），说明1910年以来人们态度变化的原因是多种多样的。因此D选项“丰富的理论”正确。A选项“思想的逻辑演变”，B选项“普遍的道德败坏”，C选项“新闻界的影响”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.（在这个时代，年轻人既不模仿生活，也不模仿艺术或童话，他们看到的是生活中的偶像，这些偶像就没有受到关键的扭曲。），说明在反好莱坞运动中，年轻人不再模仿生活中、或艺术及电影中的偶像，而是看到了真正来自于生活的没有被扭曲的偶像人物，此处“distortions”指的是偶像人物被误解。所以B选项“误解”正确。A选项“介绍”，C选项“影响”，D选项“限制”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。9.【答案】Asearlyasinthepre-QinDynasty,Chinesethinkersputforwardtheideaof“benevolenceandgoodneighborlinessarethetreasuresofacountry”,whichreflectstheChinesepeople’sdesireforworldpeaceandfriendlyrelationswithpeopleofallcountriessinceancienttimes.Today,theChinesepeople,dedicatedtomodernization,needmorethaneveralong-termpeacefulinternationalenvironmentandagoodsurroundingenvironment.China’sforeignpolicyisbasedonpeace.WearecommittedtoestablishinganddevelopingfriendlyrelationsandcooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,especiallytheprinciplesofmutualrespect,equality,mutualbenefitandmutualnon-involvementineachother’sinternalaffairs.Wewillneverinflictonothersthehardshipswehavesufferedfrombullying.China’sdevelopmentandprogresswillposenothreattoanyone.Inthefuture,whenChinabecomesrichandstrong,itwillneverclaimhegemonyeither.Chinawillalwaysbeastaunchforceforworldpeaceandregionalstability.10.【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语。句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。现在分词作定语，应该与被修饰词woman有主谓关系，表示正在进行，时态不符，排除A；过去分词作定语表示被动，woman与receive应该是主动关系，排除B；定语从句修饰woman应该是过去式，排除C。名词词组thefirst+n.的后置定语必须使用不定式，因此D选项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？usedto意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有usedto时，反义疑问句常由usedn’t或didn’t构成，如果陈述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反义疑问句由usedn’t/didn’tthere构成，因此D选项正确。12.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口仅次于中国的国家。besecondonlyto是固定搭配，意思是“仅次于”，没有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C选项正确。13.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句说到fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach（五分之四的家庭至少有一辆车，超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车），可以说明美国为什么被称为车轮上的国家。因此B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车”正确。A选项“大约四分之一的美国人拥有两辆汽车”，由原文可知是超过四分之一的美国家庭拥有两辆汽车，而不是美国人，所以A错误。C选项“每年有近800万辆新车在这个国家行驶”，由原文可知，是每年生产近800万辆新车，不代表所有新车都能上路行驶，所以C错误。D选项“80%的美国人至少有一辆车”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭至少拥有一辆汽车，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.（有1000万人因饮食不足而健康状况不佳；造成他们困境的原因多种多样。长期失业应被视为主要因素。），说明美国人健康状况不佳的主要原因是失业。因此C选项“失业”正确。A选项“饮食不足”，B选项“营养不良”，D选项“自动化”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.（奇怪的是，失业十有八九是由自动化造成的，无论是在工业还是农业领域。例如，在南方农村，当一个棉花种植园突然将其劳动力从100人削减到3人时，帮助流离失所者的问题就出现了。），说明“thedisplaced”在文中的意思是失业的人。因此A选项“失业者”正确。B选项“残疾人”，C选项“病人”，D选项“穷人”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.（根据《社会保障法》，这种规模的家庭在贫困线以下，有资格领取特别福利计划的补助。），说明“eligible”在文中的意思是有资格。因此D选项“应得的，值得的”正确。A选项“必要的”，B选项“紧急的”，C选项“必须的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第五、六句Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.（然而，我们可能会同意，社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下的人的吃、穿、住问题。总的来说，也许可以说，美国人比大多数其他国家的人生活得更好。），说明美国人比其他大多数国家的人生活得更好的原因是社会福利计划帮助了贫困线以下的人。因此D选项“社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下人群的问题”正确。A选项“许多美国人从特殊的福利计划中得到了好处”，B选项“一些贫困人口由于某种原因可以得到帮助”，C选项“美国有反贫困计划”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。14.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“exceedingpositiveionization”可以定位到第二段第一句Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.（当空气中存在大量的正离子时，许多人会产生头痛、疲劳、易怒等不良反应，一些特别敏感的人会感到恶心甚至精神障碍。），说明大量正离子会导致一些人容易脾气暴躁。因此B选项“他们觉得自己脾气相当不好，很暴躁”正确。A选项“他们认为自己疯了”，C选项“他们会变得非常虚弱”，D选项“他们太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“staticelectricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.（也可能是由于室内地毯、人造纤维衣服、电视机、复印机、电脑屏幕产生的静电积聚造成的。），说明能够引起静电的有地毯、衣物等人造纤维、电视、复印机和电脑等。因此C选项“在人造地板覆盖物上行走”正确。A选项“使用自制的电器产品”，B选项“穿天然材料