2023年考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学考试历年高频考点真题答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学考试历年高频考点真题答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Peoplelikebeingtrusted.Theyareannoyed,angry,orfeelhurtiftheyareregardedwith（1）.Theythinkthattheyare（2）aninjustice.Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons:(l)Itisatributetotheirhonesty,truth,strength,（3），kindnessandgoodcharacter;(2)Theyfinditeasiertocheatothers.Thesetwo（4）Suggestwhatourattitudetowardstrustin（5）shouldbe.Itisnotasimpleattitude.Wemustkeepabalancebetweentwo（6）oversuspiciousnessandinfantilenaivety.Aparalleltoourtrustinpeoplecouldbeourtrustinnatural（7）.Howevercarefulweare,wecannotguarantee（8）safetyforourselvesinthephysicalworld,yetweactas（9）wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents.Wetakethebustoworkinthemorning（10）thatwewillarrivesafelyatourofficeorschool.Wehaveno（11）thatwewill.Thebuscouldbe（12）inanaccident.Ifwewereto（13）everyaccidentthatmighthappentouswewouldneverdoanything.Wewouldjustremainsittingathome.Eventhenwecouldneverbeabsolutely（14）thattheceilingwouldnotcollapseonus.（15）wearetodoanythingatall,wemusttakerisks.Ofcoursewetrytoreduceriskstoa（16）。Similarlywithregardtopeople,trustingtheminvolvestakingtherisksofbeing（17）.Nottrustingthemplacesusoutsidetheareaofcommunityactivity,（18）trustisanessentialbondincommunityliving.Inacompetitive,materialisticworlditwouldbe（19）totrusteveryoneineverything.However,weshouldwidentheareaoftrustasfaraspossible.Wecannoteliminateallrisksinsuchtrust（20）weshouldlessenthemasfaraspossiblebyrelianceonintelligenceandexperienceworthourownandthoseofadultswhosereliabilityhasbeenproven.问题1选项A.superstitionB.supervisionC.suspicionD.suspension问题2选项A.sufferingB.challengingC.releasingD.offending问题3选项A.occupationB.performanceC.recommendationD.intelligence问题4选项A.reasonsB.examplesC.factsD.truths问题5选项A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.anyone问题6选项A.endsB.extremesC.spotsD.sides问题7选项A.mattersB.occasionsC.eventsD.situations问题8选项A.mechanicalB.materialC.relevantD.absolute问题9选项A.ifB.thatC.asD.long问题10选项A.givenB.providedC.suchD.so问题11选项A.measurementB.calculationC.guaranteeD.optimism问题12选项A.evolvedB.enclosedC.engagedD.involved问题13选项A.makeuseofB.takeadvantageofC.takeaccountofD.makecertainof问题14选项A.certainB.doubtfulC.suspicionsD.indifferent问题15选项A.UnlessB.IfC.LestD.Before问题16选项A.dilemmaB.minimumC.maximumD.reduction问题17选项A.flatteredB.assuredC.deceivedD.convinced问题18选项A.howeverB.soC.thereforeD.because问题19选项A.evidentB.unwiseC.creativeD.romantic问题20选项A.butB.orC.andD.also2.单选题Atourhouse,nobodygetsmoremailthanJake:catalogs,coupons,andofferstosubscribetomagazines.Heisalsourgedtodonatetoworthcausesandtakeadvantageofsomeprettyincrediblecredit-cardoffers.Heignoresallofthem.Whatdotheyexpect?He’sadog.ItallstartedwhenIusedJake’snameasanaliasontheInternet,inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy.BeforeIknewit,junkwasporingin,provingonceagainthatthesedayseverymoveyoumakeonlinecanbe,oftenis,carefullywatchedandrecordedbypeoplewhodon’tknowyoufromyourdog—everyonefromadandinsuranceagenciestononprofitgroupsandeventhedreadedtelemarketers.Andlet’snotforgetthemore,shallwesay,unscrupulouscharacters.We’veallheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.Identitytheftisoneofthefastest-growingcrimesaround.Evenifyouneverbuyanythingonline,yourprivacycanbecompromisedbyWeb“cookies”.AcookieisasmallfilethataWebsitestoresonyourcomputercontaininginformationitcanuseto“recognize”youifyoureturntothatsite.Mostcookiesposelittlerisktoprivacyontheirown.Theproblemcomeswhenothersgetholdofyourcookies.Inahighlypublicizedcaseearlierthisyear.DoubleclickInc.Plannedtocross-referenceconsumercookiedatawithinformationfromamarketingdatabase,suchasname,addressandcreditcard-purchasehistory.Seenasanunethicalviolationofconsumers’privacy,alawsuitfollowed.Doubleclickgaveuptheplan,fornow.Inthemeantime,otherthreatstoyourcyberprivacystillexist.Example;Anyonewhoknowwheretolookcanbuystolencreditcardnumbersinchatrooms,andspendsupeverypennyonyourcardinminutes.Inthistechnology-drivenworld,yournewbestfriendmaybeadifferentkindofanimal:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously.TheAnonymizer()offersanonymoussurfing.Anonymouspaymentmechanismssuchaselectroniccash()letyoushoponlinewithoutacreditcard.AndyoucandownloadfreesoftwaresuchastheInternetJunkbustertofilteroutmostcookiesbeforetheytouchyourcomputer.Still,asnewtechnologiesbringoutthecreativityincrooks,yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance.Keeptrackofeachpenny,balanceyourcheckbookandfollowupondiscrepanciesinyourstatementsimmediately.Howevermuchtheworldchanges,itstillpaystobeyourownwatchdog.1.TheauthorusedanaliasontheInternetinorderto（

）.2.“We’vealheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.”(Para.4)Theword“assume”means（

）3.Cookiespostgreatthreattoyourprivacywhen（

）.4.ThePETscanenhanceyourprivacyby（

）.5.Toprotectyourselfonline,you’dbetter（

）.问题1选项A.attractmoremailsB.ignorethejunkC.concealhisidentityD.protectthedog问题2选项A.supposeB.feignC.undertakeD.copy问题3选项A.theycontainyourinformationB.theyenteryourpersonalcomputerC.yourcookiescarryvirusesD.yourcookiesaregotandusedbyothers问题4选项A.enablingyoutodoonlinebusinesswithoutexposingyouridentityB.allowingyoutopaywithoutelectroniccashC.lettingyoudownloadsoftwarefreeofchargeD.makingyousurfingthenetwithanalias问题5选项A.catchupwithnewtechnologiesB.dependonmorepowerfulprotectivesoftwareC.keepinconstanttouchwiththeonlineserviceprovidersD.stayvigilanttoyouronlineaccounts3.单选题Moreoftenthannot,itisdifficultto（

）theexactmeaningofaChineseidiominEnglish.问题1选项A.exchangeB.transferC.conveyD.convert4.单选题Producingelasticthroughchemicalsynthesisisatediousprocessconsumingthreemonths.问题1选项A.thebetterhalfofB.forthebetterofC.allthebetterforD.thebetterpartof5.翻译题Jointventures,inanumberofcases,don’tworkoutbecausethe“people”relationshipsbecomeungluedand/orthebusinesscan’tbemadeprofitable.Withthisinmind,internationaljointventuresshouldbestructuredtoanticipatetheworstcontingencies.Ifthisisdoneeventhoughthecontingenciesdon’toccur,youcanfeelthatyourcompany’sinterestshavebeenprotected.Here,Iwouldaddanadditionalobservation,namely,thatajointventurethatdidnotworkoutmaybeprofitableforthepartnerswhenbrokenupiftherightdecisionsweremadeonthepurchaseofrealestateortheacquisitionoftherightequipment.Theseassetsmaywellbeworthmorewhensoldthanwhentheywerepurchasedbythejointventurewhenformed.ThishasbeenparticularlytrueinJapan.Ifthebreakupisprofitable,thenyou’llwanttomakesurethatyougetyourshareoftheseprofits.6.写作题Somepeoplethinkweshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleexploringouterspace(forexample,travelingtothemoonandtootherplanets).OtherpeopledisagreeandthinkweshouldspendthismoneyforourbasicneedsonEarth.Whichofthesetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Why?7.单选题Hepracticed（

）onherandmanagedtoget$2000.问题1选项A.linenB.deceptionC.longitudeD.paradise8.单选题Thenoiseofhisloudvoice（

）whatthegirlwastryingtotellus.问题1选项A.coveredB.suppressedC.drownedD.deadened9.单选题HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontentedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed10.写作题WriteanessayontheAnswerSheetinabout200wordswiththetitle“OpenMind”11.不定项选择题测试新增的题干问题1选项A.1B.2C.3D.412.单选题Inwinterdrivershavetroublestoppingtheircarsfrom（

）onicyroads.问题1选项A.skatingB.skiddingC.slidingD.slipping13.单选题Sheactuallypreferredamoregregariousurbanlifestyleandtheculturalattractionsinawarmerclime.问题1选项A.tranquilB.sociableC.inactiveD.undisturbed14.单选题Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina£3bnindustry.nADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare（

）.3.CASHsuggeststhat（

）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?5.WhataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingtoCASH?问题1选项A.Positive.B.Critical.C.Skeptical.D.Indifferent问题2选项A.amazinglylowB.properC.toohighD.considerable问题3选项A.saltlevelsinbreadshouldbereducedby40%B.theamountfoundinloavesshouldvarywithbreadsC.consumersshouldfigureouthowmuchsaltbreadcontainsD.onlyfreshbreadsshouldbelabeled问题4选项A.Saltreductionsaretobemade.B.Theloavesinsupermarketsarewiththelowestsaltlevels.C.Womencanhavemoresaltintheirdietperdaythanmen.D.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsaredifferentwithage.问题5选项A.malnutritionB.highbloodpressureC.DiabetesD.chronicdisease15.单选题Thereceptionwasattendedby（

）membersofthelocalcommunity.问题1选项A.excellentB.conspicuousC.prominentD.noticeable16.单选题Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.问题1选项A.rationalB.peacefulC.patientD.insane17.单选题Theteam’seffortstoscorewere（

）bytheopposinggoalkeeper.问题1选项A.frustratedB.preventedC.discouragedD.accomplished18.单选题

Itseemsareasonableruleofthumbthatanygenuineofferofhelpandsupportfrompeopleororganizationswillbeaccompaniedbyanameandaddress,andawillingnesstobe（

）astotheirmotiveinmakingcontact.问题1选项A.seenthroughB.checkedoutC.touchedonD.accountedto19.单选题Uptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwasthoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresultingintegrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheengineforthought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthechemicalsecretion,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodentersthestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,secretiontravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulatesthereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthatproducesecretionultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsinadifferentorgan,thepancreas.Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylisaandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughtorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughchemicalsalone.ThisdiscoveryspurredStarlingtocointhetermhormonetorefertosecretion,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormone,meaning“toexcite”or66tosetinmotion.”Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyeonetissuetomakethingshappenelsewhere.Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarilyaccordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothebloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrinesystemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareusedoutsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuchorgan,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopartoftheendocrinesystem.Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplaysuchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsencewouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthatarelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwenormallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Evenminuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calmaggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certainhormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthandform;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots-dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels-willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetemperedtheirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlytopatientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecretingabnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growthhormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandtheagingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitisfoolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighedbythebenefits..1.Thewordengineinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.2.Theworditinthesecondparagraphrefersto（

）.3.Thewordspurredinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）4.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedinthebodymust（

）.5.Theglandsandorgansmentionedinparagraph3arecategorizedaccordingto（

）.6.Thewordkeyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.7.Thewordminuteinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.8.Thewordtemperedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.9.Whichpatientsareusuallytreatedwithgrowthhormone?10.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexplainstheprimarygoalofhormonereplacementtherapy?问题1选项A.desireB.originC.scienceD.chemical问题2选项A.secretionB.smallintestineC.bloodstreamD.pancreas问题3选项A.rememberedB.surprisedC.inventedD.motivated问题4选项A.bepartofthedigestiveprocessB.influencetheoperationsofthenervoussystemC.affectprocessesinadifferentpartofthebodyD.regulateattitudesandbehavior问题5选项A.whetherscientistsunderstandtheirfunctionB.howfrequentlytheyreleasehormonesintothebodyC.whetherthehormonestheysecreteinfluencetheagingprocessD.whethertheysecretechemicalsintotheblood问题6选项A.misunderstoodB.preciseC.significantD.simple问题7选项A.suddenB.smallC.changingD.noticeable问题8选项A.decreasedB.advertisedC.prescribedD.researched问题9选项A.AdultsofsmallerstatuethannormalB.AdultswithstrongdigestivesystemsC.ChildrenwhoarenotatriskfromthetreatmentD.Childrenwhomayremainabnormallysmall问题10选项A.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.B.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.C.Hrtmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots-dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels-willform.D.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.20.单选题Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.问题1选项A.allatonceB.byandbyC.tosomeextentD.onthewhole21.单选题Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.问题1选项A.piecesB.essaysC.fragmentsD.extracts22.单选题Theprodigalson（

）hislargeinheritanceinafewyearsofheavyspending.问题1选项A.inheritedB.receivedC.accumulatedD.dissipated23.单选题It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbye,andthat（1）eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards,（2）arethrowingthebooksatkids,（3）elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework（4）.What’sawell-meaningparenttodo?Ashardas（5）maybe,sitbackandchill,expelsadvice.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit,（6）helpingtoomuch,orevenexamining:（7）toocarefully,youmaykeepthem（8）doingitbythemselves,“Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery（9）assignment“sayspsychologistJohnRosemond,authorofEndingtheToughHomework.“There’sa（10）ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren（11）thegradetheydeserve,“Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir（12）But“youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe（13）.’’Shesays.That’snottosayparentsshould（14）homework-first,theyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids（15）.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin（16）four,five,andsixisstandard,saysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe“（17）morethananhourandahalf/’andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild（18）hasmorehomeworkthanthis,youmaywanttocheck（19）otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout（20）assignments.问题1选项A.veryB.exactC.rightD.usual问题2选项A.officialsB.parentsC.expertsD.schools问题3选项A.AlsoB.EvenC.ThenD.However问题4选项A.fatigueB.confusionC.dutyD.puzzle问题5选项A.thereB.weC.theyD.it问题6选项A.viaB.underC.byD.for问题7选项A.questionsB.answersC.standardsD.rules问题8选项A.offB.withoutC.beyondD.from问题9选项A.singleB.pieceC.pageD.other问题10选项A.dropB.short.C.cutD.lack问题11选项A.acquireB.earnC.gatherD.reach问题12选项A.exercisesB.defectsC.mistakesD.tests问题13选项A.perfectB.betterC.unusualD.complete问题14选项A.forgetB.refuseC.missD.ignore问题15选项A.haveB.prepareC.makeD.perform问题16选项A.classesB.groupsC.gradesD.terms问题17选项A.aboutB.noC.muchD.few问题18选项A.previouslyB.rarelyC.merelyD.consistently问题19选项A.withB.inC.outD.up问题20选项A.finishingB.loweringC.reducingD.declining24.单选题Anexplanationofanearthquakeisadescriptionofthechainof（

）thatproducesit.问题1选项A.causalityB.marginC.persistenceD.purpose25.单选题InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowoftrailingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（

）.问题1选项A.negativeB.negligentC.neglectedD.negligible第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:D第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）形近词辨析。前一句句意:人们乐于得到别人的信任，因此推断此句意为:而当不被信任时.人们会感到气恼、生气或受到伤害”，故该空应填trust的反义词。结合选项考虑，应填suspicion。toberegardedwithsuspicion表示“受到猜疑，不被人信任”。（2）动词辨析。此处应填一个谓语动词的现在分词形式。句意为:他们觉得自己了不公正待遇。Suffer遭受;challenge挑战;release释放；offend冒犯。故选A。（3）名词辨析。该句提到，“赋予信任是对人们的诚实、求真、能力、、善良和好性格的尊敬”，据此推测这个空也应相应选择intelligence。occupation职业；performance表现；recommendation推荐;intelligence智力。（4）语义连接。根据上文中的“Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons”推测此处选A项。（5）代词辨析。句意:这两个原因说明了我们对他人的信任所应持有的态度。another另一个人；other不加复数时必须跟名词，或者与any,another连用。anyone—般用在否定句与疑问句中。因此选B项others。（6）名词辨析。句意:我们必须在过度猜疑和天真幼稚这两个极端之间保持平衡。（7）名词辨析。我们对人们的信任可以和我们对自然的信任类比。下文提示:Wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents。因此推测此处选C项events。（8）形容词辨析。句意:不管我们多么小心，我们也无法保证我们在世界中的安全。mechanical机械的；material物质的；relevant相关的;absolute绝对的。（9）固定搭配。asif表示“似乎”，“我们表现得似乎”。（10）连词辨析。句意:我们早上坐公车,安全达到办公室或学校，这里应该填一个连词。given作连词指“考虑到”；provided表示“如果”，是一种假设，such不能这样用，因此D项正确,表示“因此,以便”。（11）名词辨析。参照第18空的那句话:我们无法保证…，因此此处为“保证”的名词形式。measurement为尺寸，度量calculation计算；guarantee保证;optimism乐观。（12）固定搭配。tobeinvolvedinsth.指“牵扯到，卷入到”，一般指不好的事件。（13）短语辨析。如果我们每一场可能的发生在我们身上的事故，那我们什么都不能做了。”显然应当是“考虑、担心”，takeaccountof固定短语，指“考虑，将...并入到考虑范围内”。其他选项maleuseof,takeadvantageof都是“利用”的意思，takeaccountof考虑，将...并入到考虑范围内;makecertainof确定。因此C项符合句意。（14）形容词辨析。我们不能老是对危险惴惴不安，否则我们得一直待在家里。即使待在家里，也不能屋顶不会塌下来。Certain确定,肯定。（15）逻辑分析。句意:我们想做点什么事，任何事，都必须承担风险。因此B项if(如果)符合句意。（16）名词辨析。句意:我们得承担风险，但是可以将风险降到最低。（17）动词辨析。句意:与人打交道类似，相信别人可能有被的风险。flattered被奉承，assure是确定，一般不用在被动语态，过去分词assured作形容词，指“确定的，确信的”；deceived被欺骗;convinced确信。故C项符合句意。（18）逻辑分析。句意:不相信别人会让我们被排除在大家的活动之外，信任是大家一起生活至关重要的纽带。前后为因果关系,故选D。（19）形容词辨析。信任所有人所有事是明显。evident明显的，unwise理智的,creative创新的，romantic浪漫的。故B项符合句意。（20）逻辑分析。句意:我们不能消除所有风险,我们可以尽可能减少。前后为转折关系,故选A。2.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实。在第三段提出“inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy”说明作者是为了隐藏他的身份。2.词义题。句意:我们总是听说人们的身份，被骗子以信用卡或者社会保障的号码的形式冒名顶替使用。3.细节事实。第六段指出:当别人持有你的cookie的时候，问题就出来了4.细节事实。根据题干定位至倒数第二段:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously(PET能让你匿名完成电子交易)。5.细节事实。最后一段给出建议:yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance(你最好的办法就是保持警惕)。3.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意:多数情况下，人们很难用英语（

）中国成语的意思。Exchange交换,例如exchangeideas交换意见;transfer交换，改变;convey表达;convert使转变，改变信仰;。故C项符合句意。4.【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意:通过化学合成生产弹性是很烦的一个过程，会花费大约三个月的时间（三个月大部分的时间）。thebetterpartof大多数。5.【答案】在不少情况下，合资企业之所以不成功，不是因为人际关系不和，就是因为企业不盈利，或是两者兼而有之。出于这一考虑，国际合资企业应该建立预测突发事件机制。即便是没有出现突发性事件，这一机制也能发挥保护企业利益的作用。在此，我想给出另一个观察报告，即：如果能够收购面临破产的合作企业的不动产或完好的设备，不盈利的合资企业有望扭亏为盈。收购的资产再次被抛售时，其价值将远远高于收购时的成本。这一做法在日本很受欢迎。如果破产是为了盈利，那么破产者也会从这一过程中获利。6.【答案】SpaceExploration7.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意:他骗了她，设法骗了2000美元。linen亚麻布;亚麻织品。deception欺骗，欺诈；骗术。Longitude［地理］经度；经线paradise天堂。8.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意:他大声喧哗使得我们无法听清楚女孩设法告诉我们什么。covert:隐藏的,隐蔽的。suppress:抑制，镇压,控制。drown:淹没,盖没。deaden:减弱，缓和。故C项符合句意。9.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。汉密尔顿希望建立一个工业化国家，而杰佛逊则认为农业是国之根本。incline倾斜，点头，易于。struggle奋斗，努力。argue主张，认为。compete竞争，比赛。content赞成。故选C。10.【答案】OpenmindNowadays,havinganopenmindisveryindispensable.Ifsomebodyisopen-minded,thatmeanshe/sheiswillingtoacceptdifferentideasornewthings.Inoursociety,newthingskeeppumpingout,whichrequiresustohaveanopenmind.Onlyinthisway,wecanfollowthestepofthetimeandbenefitfromdevelopment.Ifweareconfinedourselvesinasmallworldandrefusetoacceptdifferentideas,thenoneday,wewillbecameverystubbornandhardtocommunicatewith.Andalso,ifwecan’tbeopen-minded,wewillneverhavecreativethinking,whichservesasthekeyofourdevelopment.Asanemployee,onlyifwehaveanopenmind,ononehand,wecanmakeachievementsandprogressbyrealizingourownweekpointsandappreciatingoth